Psych Final Quiz

Robert Emery found that when parents met with a neutral mediator and negotiated their own divorce settlement, their children, twelve years later when compared to children whose parents immediately went to court for a legal settlement a) were more likely to see and have phone contact with non-resident parents b) were equally likely to see and have phone contact with non-resident parents c) were more likely to feel acught in the middle between parents d) did not see benefits of negotiated settlement

a) were more likely to see and have phone contact with non-resident parents

Many low-income unmarried women distrust men because of childhood abuse but about _____ percent work through these feelings and form satisfying relationships with me a) 10 b) 22 c) 34 d) 52

b) 22

As adults, _____ percent of children of gay/lesbian parents were completely open in disclosing that information a) 25 b) 50 c) 60 d) 75

b) 50

A friend who is adopting a child tells you she is worried she will not be as warm or attached to her child as a mother who carried a child for nine months and gave birth naturally. Based on research, what do you tell her? a) Research shows that adoptive parents have been through so much stress to become parents that they are afraid to become attached to their children b) Adoptive parents are as warm and attached to their child as parents who naturally conceive and carry a child c) Adoptive mothers cannot become as attached because they did not have the experience of carrying the child and giving birth d) A and C

b) Adoptive parents are as warm and attached to their child as parents who naturally conceive and carry a child

James Bray describes the neotraditional stepfamily as a) a myth that does not exist b) a contemporary version of the 1950s white-picket family c) a new form of family life for the 21st century d) a desire that is rarely achieved

b) a contemporary version of the 1950s white-picket family

The personal characteristics of adolescent mothers that predict having a baby as a teenager include all of the following EXCEPT a) being aggressive b) being outgoing c) being aggressive and withdrawn d) being noncompliant

b) being outgoing

Divorced parents protect children from parental conflict when they do all of the following except a) prepare the child for a visit with the other parent b) conduct adult business in front of the child c) remain reasonable flexible about visiting d) work on their problems with each other in private

b) conduct adult business in front of the child

Robert Emery suggests that parents can deal with angry feelings aroused in the divorce process by a) recalling all the reasons the divorce was necessary b) examining one's own role in the divorce c) focusing on positive aspects of one's life d) refusing to dwell on the divorce

b) examining one's own role in the divorce

Among the many reasons given for not telling children about the use of donor assistance: a) fear child will be angry at parents b) fear use of ART will stigmatize child c) fear that donor parent will become involved with family d) all of these

b) fear use of ART will stigmatize child

The majority of children leaving foster care at age 17 a) were happy to be leaving foster care and getting resources to be on their own b) felt lucky to have been placed in foster care c) were critical of foster care they received d) A and C

b) felt lucky to have been placed in foster care

Young adults who were not interested in searching for their biological parents a) had negative feelings about both biological and adoptive parents b) felt they were similar to adoptive parents psychologically and intellectually c) had less contact with adoptive parents d) had few friends

b) felt they were similar to adoptive parents psychologically and intellectually

Parents who adopt children from other countries or ethnic groups are advised to a) help children to adapt to American culture and leave their culture of origin behind b) form a new family ethnic identity that includes the child's ethnic heritage c) let children find ways to explore their ethnic identity on their own d) A and C

b) form a new family ethnic identity that includes the child's ethnic heritage

In adoptive families without birth children, a brief intervention to increase adoptive parents' sensitivity and responsiveness resulted in a) no changes in parents' behavior b) increases in parents' secure attachments with babies c) changes in parents' behavior but no changes in secure attachments d) decreases in parents' sensitivity

b) increases in parents' secure attachments with babies

All of the following statements describe the average unmarried mother EXCEPT a) is in her late twenties or early thirties b) is having her first child c) is having her second or third child d) is having her child as a teen

b) is having her first child

Which of the following is true of divorce? a) It is a restructuring of family that children quickly adjust to b) it is a disorganizing process that extends over several years c) it is a restructuring process that affects young children but not older ones d) it affects teenagers most of all

b) it is a disorganizing process that extends over several years

Boys seem to have ____ difficulty compared to girls in adjusting to remarriage a) more b) less c) the same d) continuing

b) less

One of the suggestions from stepchildren to parents is a) wait until children and stepparents live together and spend a lot of time together before trying to form relationships b) let children and stepparents get to know each other as individuals with particular interests c) do not make any effort to form relationships, let them grow naturally without any pressure d) A and C

b) let children and stepparents get to know each other as individuals with particular interests

Nonresident unmarried fathers are most likely to stay involved with children over a two-year period when a) fathers had a distance relationship with the mother b) mothers' extended family was positive towards the involvement c) fathers' extended family was negative towards his involvement d) mothers' extended family did not interfere

b) mothers' extended family was positive towards the involvement

Parents are more likely to give adoptive children cultural information about their country of origin when a) parents have many friends of that culture b) parents are aware of the differential treatment of racial and ethnic groups in this country c) children have few friends of their own ethnic group d) all of these

b) parents are aware of the differential treatment of racial and ethnic groups in this country

Critical element to breaking the generational cycle of family maltreatment is a) education about the effects of abuse on those who experience it b) positive relationships with therapist, friend, or spouse c) avoiding any physical punishment d) having only one child

b) positive relationships with therapist, friend, or spouse

Mothers in Fragile Families study felt less anxious and depressed when they had people in their lives who a) gave their children clothes and toys b) provided emergency child care c) could do chores like housecleaning and cooking d) A and C

b) provided emergency child care

Some stepfathers go out of their way to include biological fathers in family activities because they a) feel it takes little effort to do so b) see children are happier c) want to gain children's affection d) A and C

b) see children are happier

Among the strategies children use to convey or not convey information about parents' sexual orientation is a) immediate disclosure b) selective disclosure c) informed disclosure d) confidential disclosure

b) selective disclosure

Gay parents often experience a decline in relationship quality after the baby's birth due to all of the following EXCEPT a) difficulties balancing work and family life b) spending all their time together talking about the baby c) less couple time together d) sleep deprivation

b) spending all their time together talking about the baby

Analyzing data from adult children of childhood divorce, Paul Amato concluded that divorce a) negatively affects the majority of children b) the majority of children do well c) has no effects on children's long-term well being d) none of the above

b) the majority of children do well

The teen mothers of resilient children had all of the following qualities EXCEPT a) they had knowledge of children's needs and developmental milestones b) they set very high expectations for children c) they were sensitive caregivers d) they provided a stable lifestyle for children

b) they set very high expectations for children

In interviews, four hundred, gay, lesbian parents identified the following strengths in their children a) ability to withstand teasing b) understanding and accepting different points of view c) determination to accomplish goals d) A and C

b) understanding and accepting different points of view

Gay fathers, in comparison to divorced fathers, are more likely to a) use permissive parenting b) use authoritative parenting c) use authoritarian parenting d) have no consistent set of behaviors

b) use authoritative parenting

Estimates are that ____ percent of boys have experienced sexual abuse by age 18 a) 6 b) 12 c) 18 d) 30

c) 18

In a sample of lesbian couples who were using ART to have a bay, ____ percent of nonbiological parents were having a child primarily to support their partners' wishes a) 10 b) 20 c) 30 d) 40

c) 30

Mavis Hetherington found in her study that about _____ percent of divorced parents relied on parallel parenting a) 25 b) 35 c) 50 d) 70

c) 50

In a sample of 1400 children and teens, _____ percent had experienced one or more victimizations in the course of a year? a) 25 b) 50 c) 70 d) 90

c) 70

Survey responses of college students whose parents divorced during childhood reveal that _____ percent would have liked 50-50 custody a) 35 b) 50 c) 70 d) 80

c) 70

Studies comparing adopted children with children who were reared by parents who had considered giving them up for adoption found that a) there were no differences between the two groups b) children living with their biological parents functioned better c) adopted children functioned better d) were inconclusive

c) adopted children functioned better

Men and women both give the following reason(s) for divorce a) emotional problems b) interpersonal stress c) communication problems d) A and C

c) communication problems

When teens lived with fathers and stepmothers, closeness with stepmothers a) predicted teens' positive moods b) predicted teens' grades c) did not predict teen's grades d) A and C

c) did not predict teen's grades

For parents, remarriage provides such benefits as a) fewer responsibilities b) clearer guidelines for relating to other family members c) emotional closeness and intimacy d) all of these

c) emotional closeness and intimacy

When children are born into gay/lesbian families, children become aware of parents' sexual orientation a) suddenly when someone outside the family makes a comment b) through classmates at school c) gradually through many kinds of experiences d) when they become sexually active themselves

c) gradually through many kinds of experiences

A sample of African American single mothers reported that two main sources of support for them were: a) maternal aunts and sisters b) babies' fathers and employers c) grandmothers and babies' fathers d) grandmothers and maternal aunts

c) grandmothers and babies' fathers

Research following children adopted from abroad has identified a core deprivation-specific syndrome that include increased difficulties in all of the following EXCEPT a) social understanding of others b) strong desires for closeness to others c) heightened focus of attention d) inappropriate social responses

c) heightened focus of attention

In decided about parenthood, gay and lesbian couples have to consider an aspect of parenthood heterosexual couples do not, namely, a) whether they will adopt a child b) whether they will use ART to have a child c) how they will handle the legal aspects to be sure both partners will be considered parents d) how they will deal with the economic demands of parenthood

c) how they will handle the legal aspects to be sure both partners will be considered parents

When gay/lesbian couples separate, their reasons a) include desire for freedom b) differ from those of heterosexual couples c) include different views on parenting d) A and C

c) include different views on parenting

Cultural socialization of adoptive children was related to ________ levels of children's aggressive behavior and preparation for bias was related to ______ levels of children's aggressive behaviors a) lower; lower b) higher; higher c) lower; higher d) higher; lower

c) lower; higher

In studies of families' response to children's illnesses, the family member who most influences the family's level of stress is a) child b) father c) mother d) grandparent

c) mother

When the functioning of seven-year-old children whose parents use donor assistance or surrogacy, is compared with children whose parents conceive naturally, there are a) differences only in children's relationship with peers b) no differences in children's level of self-esteem c) no differences in the functioning of the two groups d) only a few differences in the children's self-confidence

c) no differences in the functioning of the two groups

Factors thought to be related to difficulties in children of divorce include all of the following EXCEPT a) parental loss b) economic disadvantage c) parental over-involvement d) family conflict

c) parental over-involvement

Children of divorce advise divorcing parents to a) discuss parental issues in front of the children so they know what is happening b) be affectionate with gifts c) tell the children the good things they do d) all of the above

c) tell the children the good things they do

Pain Program Directo Dr. Lonnie Seltzer believes that if a child complains of pain, a) a child is often seeking attention b) the pain is different from that an adult experiences c) the pain is real and the child is suffering d) the parent must wait before giving any medication

c) the pain is real and the child is suffering

Pregnant teen mothers who made positive changes in their behavior when they became pregnant gained support from all of the following sources EXCEPT a) their mothers b) extended family members c) their schools d) babies' fathers

c) their schools

Life in remarried families is challenging for all of the following reasons EXCEPT a) anger and frustration from the previous marriage intensify current irritations b) feelings of loss and sadness related to the previous marriage c) there is little emotional warmth and closeness in these families d) more people in the family

c) there is little emotional warmth and closeness in these families

Observing communication patterns in adoptive and biologically-related two-parent families, yielded four communication patterns with similar proportions of adoptive and nonadoptive families in each, but difficulties in communication a) were more significantly related to teens' problems in biologically related families b) had few associations with problems in either group c) were more predictive of teens' problems in adoptive families d) were ignored by parents

c) were more predictive of teens' problems in adoptive families

A national program that helps teens to parent their children a) teaches parents how to attend and play with children b) urges parents to focus on rules and consequences for not following them c) requires parents to teach parenting skills to one other family member d) A and C

d) A and C

Among the main reasons parents give for telling children about the use of ART: a) desire for an open relationship with the child b) child wants to know c) child has a right to know his/her history d) A and C

d) A and C

Children with known sperm donors and children with unknown sperm donors a) were found to show no difference in psychological adjustment in two studies b) showed differences only in studies of girls c) showed differences in two studies of boys d) A and C

d) A and C

Even when adoptive parents are warm and sensitive, adopted teens in one study, in comparison to nonadopted teens, were observed to be a) less warm in interactions with parents b) less attached to parents c) more engaged in conflict d) A and C

d) A and C

Gay couples parent children a) sharing responsibilities more equally than heterosexual parents do b) equally dividing tasks so each parent does each task to be done half of the time c) diving the amount of work equally by having partners specialize in tasks depending on interests and work patterns d) A and C

d) A and C

In African American families, teen mothers developed effective caregiving skills when their mothers a) took pleasure in their daughters' growing skills b) expressed negative feelings quickly and directly c) taught teen mothers skill d) A and C

d) A and C

Information from studies of victimization suggest a) when a report on abuse is made, inquiries should be made about other forms of abuse and victimization b) victimizations are relatively infrequent in children's lives c) people who have the greatest number of trauma symptoms may have experienced many forms of victimizations over time d) A and C

d) A and C

James Bray's study of stepfamilies found that a) those marriages that fail have the same characteristics as those that last b) a stepfamily quickly forms a basic family unit c) successful families show a willingness to change their expectations d) A and C

d) A and C

Many lesbian mothers awaiting their first child by donor insemination and their partners anticipate a role for men in children's lives and a) two-thirds had already made definite plans for how to do this b) they were looking for a traditional father figure c) they were seeking men who would model what it means to be a good man d) A and C

d) A and C

Observations of adolescent fathers' interaction with their children reveal fathers often a) make many critical and negative comments b) use positive strategies to influence children c) create resistance in children with their commands d) A and C

d) A and C

When children were seven years old, mothers using surrogacy and donor eggs and disclosing the use of ART to children were, __________ when compared to naturally conceiving mothers a) as warm and sensitive b) similar in caregiving and interactions with children c) marginally lower in mutual reciprocity with children d) A and C

d) A and C

When compared with heterosexual couples, lesbian couples who choose to have a baby through ART a) share the child more equally b) report less sharing of household duties c) report a high level of relationship satisfaction d) A and C

d) A and C

In the homes of unmarried mothers, the most important predictor of children's later well-being is a) absence of harsh discipline b) number of hours mother is at home c) mothers' educational level d) mother's age

a) absence of harsh discipline

Single fathers are more likely to establish paternity when a) benefits to the child are emphasized b) legal consequences are emphasized c) the decision is an independent one d) A and C

a) benefits to the child are emphasized

When teens report close relationships with fathers and stepfathers or even stepfathers alone, teens had a) better grades b) more distant relationships with mothers c) had fewer friends d) A and C

a) better grades

When divorcing mothers with school-aged sons attended a fourteen-week program that taught positive parenting and establishing consistent consequences a) children reported better relationships with peers and less depressed feelings b) children reported few differences in moods, but teachers reported decreases in boys' aggressive behaviors c) mothers reported less depression d) A and C

a) children reported better relationships with peers and less depressed feelings

Current interventions to help single-parent families include all of the following EXCEPT a) encouraging marriage b) improving couples' relationship skills c) increasing economic resources for families like food stamps, child care services d) providing services to stimulate children's development like high-quality preschool programs

a) encouraging marriage

Social supports helping children of teen parents cope with negative life events include all of the following EXCEPT a) grandparents' restrictiveness b) fathers' support c) family's religious involvement d) children's participation in sports and community activities

a) grandparents' restrictiveness

More often than older parents, teen parents a) have unrealistic expectations of children b) are too verbally stimulating c) are in sync with young children's needs d) none of the above

a) have unrealistic expectations of children

In interviews, children of gay and lesbian parents identify benefits they received including: a) having a broad definition of family b) ability to ignore any criticism c) valuing silence and nondisclosure d) A and C

a) having a broad definition of family

When parents are authoritative, children develop social and intellectual competence a) in all family types b) only in non-divorced families c) in non-divorced and step families d) none of these

a) in all family types

Which of the following helped abusing mothers of infants form secure attachments with their babies? a) intensive mother-infant therapy focusing on mothers' relationships with others b) being in control group with other mothers c) psychoeducational written information mailed to the parent d) B and C

a) intensive mother-infant therapy focusing on mothers' relationships with others

When stress of maltreatment is ongoing, stress hormones can a) change children's immune system and their resistance to illness b) increases their intellectual alertness and problem-solving skills c) decreases attention and memory d) A and C

d) A and C

Adolescents who felt close to neither biological nor stepparent a) lived in families where parents did not get along b) were younger teens at the time of the marriage c) reported an active social life outside the family d) A and C

a) lived in families where parents did not get along

Even when girls are headed in the direction of adolescent parenthood, their parents' _______ helped girls stay in school and avoid pregnancy a) monitoring b) affection c) negative consequences d) restrictiveness

a) monitoring

Among the general reasons that gay men gave for seeking parenthood when they did were: a) partner's mutual desire for children b) parental pressure c) pressure from couples who also have children d) A and C

a) partner's mutual desire for children

From 1990 to 2004 there have been significant decreases in ____ abuse and increases in ______ a) physical/sexual; neglect b) emotional/physical; sexual c) neglect; physical abuse d) physical; sexual

a) physical/sexual; neglect

Children of unmarried parents are reported to have all the following characteristics EXCEPT a) single common path to adulthood b) difficulties in school c) negative moods d) aggressive behaviors

a) single common path to adulthood

When Single Mothers by Choice reduce their level of ______, their children are similar in behavior to children living in two-parent families a) stress b) depression c) anger d) frustration

a) stress

In a sample of ten-year-olds, children of gay/lesbian parents showed varying degrees of openness about parents' sexual orientation with a) the majority being completely open with friends b) the large majority disclosing selectively to certain friends only c) about twenty-five percent hiding the information d) A and C

a) the majority being completely open with friends

Young adults reported three sources of support in their childhoods a) their parents, their extended family members, and their friends b) their parents, their friends, and their teachers c) their parents, their teachers, and their extended family members d) their parents, their friends and their activities

a) their parents, their extended family members, and their friends

With regard to gender identity of children of gay/lesbian couples a) there is no evidence of increased gay/lesbian gender identity among children b) children are found to have more sex-stereotyped interests c) children are found to have less sex-stereotyped interests d) A and C

d) A and C

Which of the following is often true of parents who maltreat their children? a) they set unrealistically high standards for children b) they find activities with their children very enjoyable c) they use fewer disciplinary techniques than non-maltreating parents d) they are consistent in their discipline

a) they set unrealistically high standards for children

All of the following statements describe young children born to teen parents EXCEPT a) they show differences from other babies at birth b) they show delays in language and cognitive skills c) they have insecure attachments with mothers d) they are more anxious and worried

a) they show differences from other babies at birth

In comparison to a national sample, young people who left foster care at age 18 and were followed up at age 19 were found a) to have a greater likelihood of problems in employment and becoming self-sufficient b) to be more successful at work and in keeping jobs c) were highly motivated to stay in school d) to avoid becoming young parents

a) to have a greater likelihood of problems in employment and becoming self-sufficient

Research suggests that stepparents are accepted in families in which remarriages occur when children are a) very young b) adolescents c) preadolescents d) openly rebellious

a) very young

Adoptive parents' behaviour has similar relationships to adopted children's behavior as are found in biologically related families in all of the following examples EXCEPT a) mothers' sensitive responses and babies' secure attachments b) quality of babies' attachments' predicting social and cognitive competence c) mothers' depressive symptoms predicting toddlers' aggressive behaviors d) all of the above

d) all of the above

A carefully controlled study of a small number abused children revealed that a) prior to placement, those who were maltreated had more problems than non-maltreated children in the control group b) those who stayed at home with maltreating parents had slightly fewer problems than those who went into foster care c) those who went into foster care with familiar adults had less anxiety than those who went into foster care with strangers d) all of these

d) all of these

A detailed study of adolescents living in a lesbian couple family found that a) on all measures of competence, these teens functioned as well as teens from families headed by heterosexual couples b) gender identity of parents did not predict teens' behavior c) quality of parent-teen relationships predicted adolescent competence d) all of these

d) all of these

According to those who counsel adopted children, a major set of feelings adopted children must resolve are feelings of loss of a) their biological family b) their medical history c) their ethnic background d) all of these

d) all of these

Families of adolescent fathers are less likely to a) use effective discipline b) monitor their children c) have resources d) all of these

d) all of these

Foster parents often feel pressure from a) biological parents b) court system c) protective agency workers d) all of these

d) all of these

Maltreatment affects children's behaviour in such areas as a) attachment to parents b) school performance c) peer relationships d) all of these

d) all of these

Research on gay and lesbian parents reveals that a) they are as competent as heterosexual parents b) their children show no special problems with self-concept c) their children function well with peers d) all of these

d) all of these

Your friend, who has adopted two children who are now teens, tell you she worries her children will have psychological problems as adults. What do you tell her the research shows? a) adopted adults are similar to their friends in life satisfaction, purpose in life, and substance abuse b) adopted adults score very slightly lower (1.5 points) on a measure of self-esteem c) more of the adopted adults (30 percent) fall in the range of clinical depression than did non adopted adults (19 percent) but the great majority fall in the normal range on depression d) all of these

d) all of these

In one study the majority of abused teens a) blamed themselves as well as the perpetrator b) believe they should have prevented the abuse c) who blame themselves feel increased shame and depression d) all of those

d) all of those

The effects of adopted children's early institutionalization depend on all the following EXCEPT a) quality of early caregiving b) length of time in the institution c) nutritional level in the institution d) location of the institution

d) location of the institution

A recent study following adopted children from adolescence to young adulthood found that contact with biological parents may be helpful because the process of searching for parents help teens and young adults a) talk more about the process and meaning of adoption to them and they form a more integrated sense of identity b) realize they are important to many people in their lives, and their self-esteem increases c) understand the importance and influence of both biological and environmental factors in their development d) all of these

talk more about the process and meaning of adoption to them and they form a more integrated sense of identity