Psych Midterm

Which neurotransmitter plays the most direct role in learning and memory A. Oxytocin B. Dopamine C. GABA D. Acetylcholine

Acetylcholine

The classic case of railroad worker Phineas Gage best illustrated that frontal lobe damage can A. Facilitate neurogenesis B. Trigger muscle spasms C. Alter one's personality D. Enhance moral reasoning

Alert one's personality

To determine whether the strength of peoples self-esteem is related to their income levels, researchers would most likely make use of A. Correlational research B. Naturalistic observation C. Experimentation D. Case studies

Correlational research

After an experiment, research participants are told its purpose and about any deception they may have experienced. This is called A. Informed consent B. Debriefing

Debriefing

An undersupply of serotonin is most closely linked to A. Alzheimer's disease B. Bipolar disorder C. Depression

Depression

A laboratory cat can be made to twitch its whiskers by direct stimulation of the _________ lobes of its cerebral cortex A. Parietal B. Frontal C. Occipital

Frontal

Rebecca is talking to her friend about her daughter who is in the ninth grade. She seems to have changed dramatically. She has changed her group of friends, she stays out past curfew, and she has been caught drinking alcohol. Her grades have also dropped significantly. Rebecca's friend remarks, of course bad association spoils useful habits. This best demonstrates A. Hindsight bias B. Perceiving patterns in random events C. Scientific inquiry D. Overconfidence

Hindsight bias

In an experimental study of the impact of exposure to criticism on self-esteem, exposure to criticism would be the _____ variable A. Replicated B. Confounding C. Dependent D. Independent

Independent

Potential research participants are told enough about an upcoming study to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate. This illustrates the practice of seeking

Informed consent

To assess the influence of self-esteem on interpersonal attraction, researchers either insulted or complemented students about their physical appearance just before they went on a blind date. In this research, the dependent variable was A. Interpersonal attraction B. Physical appearance C. Feelings of self-esteem D. Insults or compliments

Interpersonal attraction

One research team studied the ups and downs of human moods by counting positive and negative words in 504 million Twitter messages from 84 countries. The researchers' method best illustrates the use of A. Naturalistic observation B. A survey C. Experimentation D. Case studies

Naturalistic observation

Although James lost some manual dexterity following brain damage from a small stroke, the development of new neural pathways enabled him to regain most of his lost manual agility. This best illustrates the value of A. Depolarization B. Action potentials C. Phrenology D. Plasticity

Plasticity

Blind echolocation experts who can use the brain's visual centers to process auditory signals best illustrates the value of A. Refractory periods B. Reuptake C. Plasticity D. Endorphins

Plasticity

To learn about the TV viewing habits of all the children attending school, the professor randomly selected and interviewed 50 of the school students. In this instance, all the children attending the school are considered to be a(n) A. Control condition B. Population C. Representative sample D. Independent variable

Population

Those who survive a hippocampal brain tumor in childhood are likely to have difficulty _________ in their adulthood A. Remembering new information B. Maintaining body balance while walking

Remembering new information

The occipital lobes are to ________ as the temporal lobes are to ________. A. Hearing ; sensing movement B. Speaking; hearing C. Seeing; sensing touch D. Seeing; hearing

Seeing; hearing

You feel the pain of a sprained ankle when ____________ relays messages from your ankle to the central nervous system A. Interneurons B. Motor neurons C. The myelin sheath D. Sensory neurons

Sensory neurons

Phrenology highlighted the presumed functions of A. Endorphins B. Synaptic gaps C. The myelin sheath D. Specific brain regions

Specific brain regions

Those whose corpus callosum is surgically severed are said to be patients with A. Brain fissures B. Split brains C. Neurogenesis D. Brain plasticity

Split brains

An accelerated heartbeat is to a slowed heartbeat as the _______ nervous system is to the _______ nervous system A. Somatic; autonomic B. Sympathetic; parasympathetic C. Parasympathetic; sympathetic D. Autonomic; somatic

Sympathetic; parasympathetic

The __________ relays messages between lower brain centers and the cerebral cortex A. Pons B. Hypothalamus C. Reticular formation D. Thalamus

Thalamus

An axon is A. A molecule that blocks neurotransmitter receptors sites B. A cell that serves as the basic building block of the nervous system C. The extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body

The extension of a neuron that carries messages from the cell body

Dr. branch would like to study the relationship between room lighting and college students test performance. He randomly assign students to one of two groups. The first group takes an exam in a dimly lit room, the second group takes the same exam in a regularly lit room. Which is the experimental group?

The group of students who took the exam in the dimly lit room

Gerald has experienced increasing difficulties with muscle weakness, motor coordination, and body balance, which his doctor has diagnosed as multiple sclerosis. These symptoms are most likely to be directly linked with the degeneration of A. Synaptic gaps B. The myelin sheath C. Endorphins D. The pituitary gland

The myelin sheath

The speed at which a neural impulse travels is increased when the axon is encased by a(n) A. Synaptic vesicle B. The myelin sheath C. Endorphins D. Glial cell

The myelin sheath

The relief of pain following the taking of an in active substance that is perceived to have medicinal benefits illustrates A. Random assignment B. Hindsight bias C. The placebo effect D. Debriefing

The placebo effect

To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task, researchers would most likely be able to make use of a A. fMRI B. Microelectrode insertion C. Brain lesion D. MRI

fMRI