Psych of Adult Development Unit 1 (ch 1-4)

Tuan, a 69-year-old male

A researcher asked a variety of people to complete tests that required the use of working memory while undergoing an fMRI scan. Which of the following subjects likely showed bilateral activation in their fMRI scan? a. Ahmad, a 52-year-old male b. Jenna, a 24-year-old female c. Luisa, a 43-year-old female d. Tuan, a 69-year-old male

white matter

A researcher studying neuroanatomy is likely to be familiar with which of the following? a. nephrology b. meteors c. white matter d. sociocultural

making a budget

A senior health aide regularly visits Dolores at home to help her with instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Which of the following activities does the aide likely work on with Dolores? a. making a budget b. eating meals c. putting on clothes d. taking a shower

Theory of Mind (ToM)

A sign of maturity in many cultures involves understanding that other people have beliefs, desires, ideas, feelings, intentions, and viewpoints that are different from our own. Which of the following encompasses this structural change to the brain? a. Theory of Mind (ToM) b. The aging brain c. Executive functioning d. Emotional IQ

relationships

Age-related changes can have a broad variety of impacts on an older person's life. Which of the following is most likely to be affected by age-related hearing loss? a. independence b. mobility c. self-esteem d. relationships

vertigo

Ahmed used to love taking long walks around the lake near his home. Recently, the world seemed to be spinning around him on his walks—so now Ahmed sits in a chair and enjoys the scenery. Which of the following caused Ahmed to give up his lakeside walks? a. dizziness b. presbycusis c. somasthesia d. vertigo

perimenopause

Amanda, a 42-year-old female, is having difficulty sleeping, hot flashes, and trouble concentrating. Amanda still has her menstruation cycle regularly. What is Amanda most likely experiencing? a. perimenopause b. menopause c. insomnia d. menopausal hormone therapy

40 percent

Among community-dwelling older adults, roughly 60% of women and _____ of men have ever experienced urinary or bowel leakage. a. 40 percent b. 85 percent c. 60 percent d. 70 percent

biofeedback

Koji was able to tolerate the pain of his arthritis for some time. But recently it has been bothering him more and limiting his ability to work in the yard. What would be the safest strategy for Koji to manage his arthritis pain? a. meperidine b. biofeedback c. NSAIDs d. ibuprofen

both normative history-graded and normative age-graded

The bar mitzvah ceremony in the Jewish religion occurs at the age of 13. This puts the bar mitzvah in which category of influence? a. normative history-graded b. normative age-graded c. both normative history-graded and normative age-graded d. nonnormative graded

psychology, neurology, immunology

The hospital is establishing a psychoneuroimmunology interdisciplinary committee. Which disciplines are likely to be invited to participate on this committee? a. psychology, social work, neurology b. internal medicine, neurology, hematology c. psychiatry, immunology, internal medicine d. psychology, neurology, immunology

neuron

What is the most basic structure of the human brain? a. neuron b. cerebral cortex c. synapse d. cerebellum

multiple short sleep cycles

When Henry came out to the sun porch, his granddaughter asked him how he slept. "Like a baby," Henry replied. If this is true, which of the following did Henry experience? a. multiple short sleep cycles b. an unbroken sleep cycle c. periods of sleep apnea d. two-phase circadian rhythm

Colleen, a 75-year-old female smoker

Who is more likely to die from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? a. Miyako, a 70-year-old female nonsmoker b. Esteban, a 71-year-old male nonsmoker c. Barnard, a 72-year-old male smoker d. Colleen, a 75-year-old female smoker

oxygen

A problem related to which of the following would cause a doctor to warn a patient about increased risk for angina pectoris? a. oxygen b. clots c. pressure d. fat

proteins and tangles

A person who is studying the basic effects of aging on neurons should focus on which of the following? a. synapses and dopamine b. dopamine and hormones c. proteins and tangles d. axons and recesses

MRI

A gerontologist who wants to examine structural details of the brain would use which of the following techniques? a. fMRI b. PET c. SPECT d. MRI

activation imaging approach

As part of his research into aging and cognitive function, Dr. Farzad often utilizes fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging). Which neuroscience perspective likely guides Dr. Farzad's work? a. dopaminergic approach b. neuropsychological approach c. activation imaging approach d. neurocorrelational approach

exercise

At the Center for Aging and Wellness, a researcher is examining the effects of exercise in postmenopausal women. Which of the following is the independent variable in the study? a. postmenopause b. researcher c. exercise d. women

maturity

At what stage of life would a person begin to be studied by a gerontologist? a. childhood b. maturity c. adolescence d. retirement

continuity-discontinuity controversy

Baltes et al.'s research in gerontology is focused on plasticity. The research uses the term "plasticity" to describe people's capacity. Plasticity refers to the belief that capacity is not fixed but can be learned or improved with practice. Which core issue of human development does Baltes et al.'s research explore? a. stability-change issue b. nature-nurture issue c. universal versus context-specific controversy d. continuity-discontinuity controversy

sociocultural age

Before their spring vacation, Jennifer takes her college-age daughter Cleo shopping at a new, hip boutique downtown. Cleo holds up a short skirt and colorful top and says, "Mom, you'd look great in this!" Jennifer laughs and says, "Oh, no! I couldn't be seen wearing anything from this store. But it would be cute on you!" Which of the following is the cause of Jennifer's response to the outfit? a. perceived age b. sociocultural age c. chronological age d. biological age

risk factors

Christine has a chronic autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis. Getting an acute influenza illness interrupts her daily exercise routine. This exercise routine is Christine's way of decreasing the impact of her rheumatoid arthritis. Christine is worried about which concepts related to her chronic illness: a. non-health-related quality of life b. risk factors c. polypharmacy d. functional health status

longitudinal study

Each July, researchers visit the Briarwood Retirement Community. They conduct tests of physical and cognitive functioning with residents, who have been participating in the research for the past 15 years. Which of the following are the researchers using? a. cross-sectional study b. meta-analysis c. longitudinal study d. sequential design

biological forces

Even in her early 60s, Theresa has a full head of dark hair with not a hint of gray. When people ask why, she explains that her mother didn't start turning gray until her mid-70s. Which of the following is the likely cause of Theresa's still-colorful hair? a. sociocultural forces b. life-cycle forces c. psychological forces d. biological forces

T-lymphocytes

Even though there are a few more weeks of warm summer weather, Cecile's doctor at the Senior Community Center has recommended that she get a vaccine to protect her health during the upcoming flu season. What cell-mediated component of Cecile's immune system relates to the doctor's recommendation? a. T-lymphocytes b. immunoglobulins c. B-lymphocytes d. NK cells

250 mg

For young adults who have serious bacterial infections, doctors commonly prescribe 500 mg tablets of a particularly strong antibiotic. How much of this antibiotic should a doctor prescribe to an older adult with a similar infection? a. 750 mg b. 100 mg c. 250 mg d. 50 mg

serotonin

Gabe has noticed lately that his grandmother isn't as cheerful as she used to be. Even among family and friends, she tends to look sad. Her once epic appetite is gone too; she just tends to pick at her plate. Which of the following neurotransmitters may be causing these changes in Gabe's grandmother? a. cortisol b. dopamine c. acetylcholine d. serotonin

protection from free-radical damage

Glenn has remarkable stamina for a man in his 70s. He will do a 10-mile bike ride in the morning and then mow the lawn in the afternoon. He claims that his good health is from taking vitamin E every day. What benefit is offered by Glenn's vitamin intake that seems to limit his aging process? a. stabilization of testosterone levels b. stimulation of telomerase production c. reduction of cross-linking proteins d. protection from free-radical damage

genetics

Gloria and her brother Caleb both enjoyed an active life well into their 80s and died in their early 90s. Which of the following likely had the greatest influence on their longevity? a. genetics b. relationships c. diet d. income

neuropsychological approach

Hector has early-stage Alzheimer's disease. Recently he participated in a research study, completing a variety of verbal and memory tests. Hector's results were compared to the results of several men his age who had no brain pathology. Hector participated in research that follows what type of neuroscience perspective? a. compensatory behavior approach b. activation imaging approach c. neurocorrelational approach d. neuropsychological approach

hardening of arteries

If a person aged strictly in accordance with a cellular theory based on cross-linking, which of the following would they likely experience? a. shortening of telomeres b. hardening of arteries c. oxidation of tissues d. slowing of metabolism

presbyopia

In accordance with a cellular theory of aging, the process of structural changes in the eye involving stiffening of the muscles may lead to which of the following vision-related changes? a. cataracts b. presbyopia c. retinopathy d. glaucoma

plasticity

In an fMRI, one region of a man's brain appeared activated during a particular test of verbal skills. Ten years later, the man had experienced some minor brain pathology but participated in training exercises to promote his cognitive function. In a recent fMRI, a different region of the brain appeared to be activated while he performed the original verbal skills test. The recent fMRI demonstrates which of the following concepts? a. plasticity b. executive function c. lateralization d. positivity

Type II diabetes

Like most people, LaVonda wants to live a long life and avoid the burden of dealing with any chronic health conditions. As part of her strategy, she follows the government's guidelines for healthy eating and tries to get some exercise every day. LaVonda's actions will most likely lower her risk for which of the following conditions? a. Type I diabetes b. Type II diabetes c. incontinence d. cancer

active life expectancy

Lori is considering living arrangements for her parents. She is wondering how long her parents will live without assistance. Lori is examining which concepts? a. compression of morbidity b. hierarchy of loss c. dependent life expectancy d. active life expectancy

a son's wedding

Madeleine is 78 years old. Which of the following is she most likely to remember? a. a phone number b. a friend's funeral c. a son's wedding d. a cookie recipe

limbic system

Martha is having difficulty with her long-term memory, experiences emotional disturbances, and lacks motivation. She is likely experiencing trouble with which area of the brain? a. prefrontal cortex b. limbic system c. cerebellum d. frontal cortex

energy

Metabolic theories are focused on which of the following? a. genetics b. energy c. oxidation d. stress

plasticity

Oliver was a runner when he was younger, winning many race awards on the amateur circuit. Arthritis in his knees forced him to give up running, so he learned to use a recumbent bike that he could propel by pedaling with his arms. This enables him to keep participating in the amateur athletic community. Which of the following features of the life-span perspective describes Oliver's experience? a. plasticity b. historical context c. multidirectionality d. multiple causation

40 years

On average, a girl born today will live 79 years. If the girl lived to the point of maximum longevity, how much longer would she live beyond the average age of longevity? a. 25 years b. 30 years c. 55 years d. 40 years

perceptions

Over the past 6 months, Walter has been getting sick more frequently. He attributes this to a high amount of stress in his life. Under the stress and coping paradigm, which of the following has determined Walter's stress level? a. physiology b. genetics c. environment d. perceptions

pain in the hands

Rodrigo recently had to take a disability retirement from his job as an ironworker. On the retirement form required by his company, the doctor listed the reason as osteoarthritis. Which of the following symptoms is Rodrigo most likely experiencing? a. pain in the hands b. swelling of the ankles c. swelling of the fingers d. pain in the shoulders

Women are more likely to experience some of the other symptoms.

Sandra, a 65-year-old female, has severe nausea and a headache. While being seen at the emergency room, they find she is having a myocardial infarction. The family is confused as Sandra had no complaints of chest pain. What explanation is the physician likely to give the family? a. Women are more likely to experience some of the other symptoms. b. In rare cases women do not experience chest pain. c. Sandra likely described the chest pain incorrectly as nausea. d. There is no explanation for Sandra's symptoms.

genetics

Some ethnic groups in the United States have lower average longevity than other ethnic groups. Which of the following factors is least likely to contribute to this difference among ethnic groups? a. health practices b. socioeconomics c. relationships d. genetics

primary appraisal, secondary appraisal, emotion-focused coping, reappraisal, problem-focused coping

When Luisa's new boss Greg started working at her company, she found his arrogant behavior to be very upsetting. To lower her level of anger and frustration, she started going to the gym at lunchtime. Luisa found this helpful for a time. But then Greg started making rude, demeaning comments to her and other associates. Luisa realized that she needed to talk to the human resources (HR) manager about Greg. Which of the following lists Luisa's stress-related actions in the correct order? a. primary appraisal, problem-focused coping, secondary appraisal, emotion-focused coping, reappraisal b. primary appraisal, secondary appraisal, emotion-focused coping, reappraisal, problem-focused coping c. primary appraisal, secondary appraisal, problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, reappraisal d. primary appraisal, emotion-focused coping, reappraisal, secondary appraisal, problem-focused coping

65 percent

When the average adult retires in their 60s, how much has their aerobic capacity declined since they first began working in their 20s? a. 50 percent b. 35 percent c. 65 percent d. 80 percent

breathing

Which of the following activities would be executed by the default network of the brain? a. running b. reading c. breathing d. talking

environmental adaptation

Which of the following concepts best reflects the later phase of the life-span perspective of human development? a. environmental adaptation b. rapid change c. physical decline d. social separation

Baby Boomers

Which of the following groups is considered a cohort? a. Baby Boomers b. dancers c. geologists d. Catholics

Harold, an 87-year-old man

Which of the following is a member of the fastest growing segment of the population in the United States? a. Harold, an 87-year-old man b. Marcus, a 44-year-old man c. Dorothy, a 75-year-old woman d. Elena, a 16-year-old girl

getting carjacked

Which of the following is the best example of a nonnormative developmental influence? a. going bald b. being in a recession c. getting carjacked d. having a baby

Laura, a 53-year-old woman

Which of the following people is most likely to have completed the climacteric process? a. Jorge, a 66-year-old man b. Davio, a 49-year-old man c. Laura, a 53-year-old woman d. Leila, a 42-year-old woman

nature with nurture

Which of the following phrases accurately describes the role of genetics and environment on human development? a. nurture over nature b. nurture or nature c. nature with nurture d. nature over nurture

decreased bone density

Which of the following physiological changes presents the greatest potential for physical harm to older people? a. decreased vocal volume b. decreased muscle mass c. decreased bone density d. increased body weight

perceptions

Which of the following serves to define a person's quality of life? a. perceptions b. functionality c. statistics d. genetics

A waitress asks Robin what her father would like to order at a restaurant.

Which of the following situations is an example of ageism? a. A waitress asks Robin what her father would like to order at a restaurant. b. John offers an elderly woman his arm outside the grocery because it is icy. c. Darnell mows the lawn and rakes leaves for his elder neighbor across the street. d. Nancy delivers hot meals each day to several seniors who have limited mobility.

taking a road trip

Which of the following tasks would be most significantly impacted by damage to the frontal cortex? a. washing the car b. preparing a meal c. mowing the lawn d. taking a road trip

distrubution

Which of the following terms best characterizes the parieto-frontal integration theory (P-FIT)? a. segmentation b. lateralization c. compensation d. distribution

primary aging

Which of the following terms refers to the normal, disease-free development that most people experience during adulthood? a. primary aging b. secondary aging c. stable aging d. tertiary aging