Psych questions Module 5

Take up to 5 minutes to think of 25 uses for a paper clip. Write them down as you go along

1. Clip papers with it 2. Clip your nose and make your students smile 3. Fix a break in a chain-link fence 4. Unfold and use it to pick a lock 5. Unfold and make intricate drawings when making clay pottery 6. Unfold and use as toothpick 7. Clip several together to make a necklace 8. Unfold and use as twisty-tie 9. Unfold a big paper clip and use as a shish kabob skewer 10. Unfold and refold into sculpture 11. Melt and reconstitute as ring 12. Unfold and use in building a model ship 13. Unfold and clean under fingernails 14. Use as key-ring 15. Unfold and poke holes in aluminum foil (when needed for cooking) 16. Unfold and refold into U-shape to test people for tactile acuity 17. Unfold and use to fix a broken wire birdcage 18. Use several linked together as a cheap belt 19. Unfold and refold into earing 20. Place it into a saltwater solution to grow salt crystals 21. Unfold and use to clean the inside of a small tube 22. Unfold then bend the tip to make a small eyelet, and use as needle 23. Unfold and use as stick for homemade popsicle 24. Unfold and use to clean your keyboard 25. Unfold and use instead of stick to write in the sand at the beach

The mean score for a person with an average IQ is

100

How does an algorithm save you time and energy when solving a problem?

An algorithm is a proven formula for achieving a desired outcome. It saves time because if you follow it exactly, you will solve the problem without having to figure out how to solve the problem. It is a bit like not reinventing the wheel.

Many people believe their dreams to be forecast of their future. How might confirmation bias explain this?

Here are two sources of confirmation bias that explain why some people believe their dreams predict the future: - People who believe their dreams to be a forecast of the future are likely to only remember the very few times when they dreamt about something and it actually happened a short while later. They ignore evidence from the much larger number of their dreams that don't predict the future. - When talking with others, they are likely to do the same. They remember stories from others who told them about dreams predicting future events and conveniently "forget" the ones that don't.

About 2% of the population have

IQs above 130

If you have an exam coming up in 2 weeks, what is the best way to space your studying to maximize your learning?

Study every day for 1 hour

If you have an exam coming up in 2weeks, what is the best way to space your studying to maximize your learning

Study every day for 1 hour

Which of the following study schedules is most effective for learning assuming you have an exam in 2 weeks?

Study every day for 1 hour

What kind of replication would these studies be?

Systematic replication

Describe an event schema that you would notice at a sporting event.

When attending a basketball game, it is typical to support your team by wearing the team colors and sitting behind their bench.

What statement is true of gossip and story-telling?

When gossiping, people tend to use adjectives to describe members of their own group (e.g. She's so nice!).

Margot doesn't feel like explaining all of the events from her day to her mom because she would need to explain too many of the details in order to set the stage for her stories. In this instance, Margot

and her mother do not share common ground

________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics that are always exhibited, such as what defines different basic shapes.

artificial

Officially, insects are a class of invertebrates a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. This description is a

artificial concept

Officially, insects are a class of invertebrates with a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. This description is a

artificial concept

Hwan is extremely afraid of flying but is looking forward to a Spring Break trip to the coast with his friends. He decides that driving would be safer, so he convinces his roommate to cancel his flight to join him in the car. He is making this decision based on a/an

availability heuristic

Looking for evidence to back up the way you already feel about something is an example of

confirmation bias

Kate cuts her foot while hiking. She forgot to pack bandages, but she has a tube of superglue and uses that to seal the wound. Kate's ability to invent a solution uses the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

creative

Which of the following is not one of Gardner's Multiple intelligences?

creative

As people age, they hold on to their accumulated knowledge and memories and tend to increase in emotional intelligence. There is typically a decline, however, in their ability to see complex relationships and solve problems. This is a decline in ________ intelligence.

fluid

Using algorithms to solve problems can be compared to

following the instruction manual.

4-year old Jada, who lives close to a lake in Virginia, is learning about animals. Her prototype for an amphibian is most likely a

frog

Where does high intelligence come from?

genetics and environment

Arthur Jensen believed that ________.

genetics was solely responsible for intelligence

A bell curve relies on a ________ sample.

large

The words we use are called

lexicon

Words and expressions are known as ________, but the rules that explain how they go together are called ________.

lexicon; syntax

________ are the smallest unit of language that carry meaning.

morphemes

Esther has an ear for music and can play songs on the piano she has only heard once before. She has high ________ intelligence.

musical

What is a learning disability?

neurological disorder

What is the Flynn effect?

observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation

The units of language from the smallest unit to the largest are

phoneme, morpheme, syntax

________ is (are) the basic sound units of a spoken language

phonemes

________ is (are) the basic sound units of a spoken language.

phonemes

A(an) ________ is the best example, or representation, of a concept

prototype

Which type of bias involves relying on a false stereotype to make a decision?

representative bias

In order for a test to be normed and standardized it must be tested on

representative sample

What did the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggest about intelligence? The findings from this study ________

revealed a genetic component to intelligence

Which of the following is key to generating a bell curve?

sample size

An event schema is also known as a cognitive ________.

script

The meaning of words and phrases is determined by applying the rules of ________.

semantics

The meaning of words and phrases is determined by applying the rules of ________.

sematics

Destiny is excellent at working with shapes and models. Her dream job is to design for Lego one day. This exemplifies ________ intelligence

spatial

Amira came to the United States for college. She has near perfect English, but her roommates tease her when she accidentally asks, "Did you shower yourself today?" instead of, "Did you take a shower?" This is an example of incorrect ________ structure.

syntax

What are the rules by which we construct sentences?

syntax

________ provides general principles for organizing words into meaningful sentences.

syntax

_________ provides general principles for organizing words into meaningful sentences.

syntax

Which of the following is an example of a prototype for the concept of leadership on an athletic team?

team captain

Divergent thinking

the opposite of convergent thinking, the capacity for exploring multiple potential answers or solutions to a given question or problem (e.g., coming up with many different uses for a common object)

convergent thinking

the opposite of divergent thinking, the capacity to narrow in on the single "correct" answer or solution to a given question or problem (e.g., giving the right response on an intelligence tests)

Mental sets occur

when you approach a problem the same way, even if it is ineffective.

The pervasive daily stress of poverty and resulting impact on brain development may explain

why children who live in poverty perform worse on intelligence tests.

creativity

ability to generate, create, or discover new ideas, solutions, and possibilities

________ provide step-by-step instructions for solving a problem or performing a task.

algorithms

A specific formula for solving a problem is called

an algorithm

When you are examining data to look for trends, which type of intelligence are you using most?

analytical

Which type of bias involves becoming fixated on a single trait of a problem?

anchoring bias

fluid intelligence is characterized by

being able to see complex relationships and solve problems

Cognitive psychology is the branch of psychology that focuses on the study of ________.

human thinking

Which of the following is an example of an artificial concept?

a triangle's area

When talking to a stranger about your sister, Ramona, you probably don't mention her by her name instead say, "my younger sister." mark this is because of

Audience design

What is true of gossip and story-telling?

As a story is retold, the stereotypical information is likely to be retained.

Shianne tells the group of people at the table at her workshop that she's from Salt Lake City. A young man replies that he is also from Salt Lake, so he asks Shianne what area she's from. Shianne admits that she is really from Bountiful, which is north of Salt Lake City. The fact that she gives this additional information is an example of

Audience design

Grant and Reid are six-year old twins. They want to find a way to get the frisbee off of the roof without asking for help, so Grant climbs a tree in order to push down a branch so that Reid can reach it. They wiggle the branch until it snaps, then use the branch with a fan of leaves to sweep down the frisbee. Their solution relies on ________ intelligence.

Creative

Bryant, a graduate student who generates many innovative research ideas:______ Linda, a newspaper reporter who has a knack for making connections with very important people:_________ Raul, a college student who quickly recognizes the correct answers to multiple choice questions:__________ Patricia, president of a small company, who successfully implements the business plan her partner developed:__________ Manuel, a community college teacher who was recognized for writing a book of poetry:__________ Anna, a law student who ranks at the top of her class for her critiques of legal cases:___________

Creative, practical, analytical, practical,Creative, analytical

Who developed the IQ test most widely used today?

David Wechsler

Assuming that it does meet the necessary scientific standards, which kind of replication would this be?

Direct replication

Researchers ________ concluded that language determines thoughts

Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf

Researchers _________ conclude that language determines thoughts

Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee whorf

Explain why event schemata have so much power over human behavior.

Event schemata are rooted in the social fabric of our communities. We expect people to behave in certain ways in certain types of situations, and we hold ourselves to the same social standards. It is uncomfortable to go against an event schema—it feels almost like we are breaking the rules.

The ________ shows that each generation tends to have a higher IQ than the last generation

Flynn effect

The ________ shows that each generation tends to have a higher IQ than the last generation.

Flynn effect

What is functional fixedness and how can overcoming it help you solve problems?

Functional fixedness occurs when you cannot see a use for an object other than the use for which it was intended. For example, if you need something to hold up a tarp in the rain, but only have a pitchfork, you must overcome your expectation that a pitchfork can only be used for garden chores before you realize that you could stick it in the ground and drape the tarp on top of it to hold it up.

Which theorist put forth triarchic theory of intelligence

Sternberg

Jake and Jack are identical twins, but Jake was born almost 15 minutes before Jack. They also have two sisters, Deondra and Daphne, who are 3 years and 6 years younger than them. Who is most likely to have the same IQ score?

Jake and Jack

Describe the relationship between learning disabilities and intellectual disabilities to intelligence

Learning disabilities are specific neurological problems within the brain and are separate from intelligence. Intellectual disabilities are pervasive and related to intelligence.

How could grammatical errors actually be indicative of language acquisition in children?

People tend to talk about the things that are important to them or the things they think about the most. What we talk about, therefore, is a reflection of our values.

How do words not only represent our thoughts but also represent our values?

People tend to talk about the things that are important to them or the things they think about the most. What we talk about, therefore, is a reflection of our values.

Tyler and Eric agree that spiders have eight legs, but Tyler thinks spiders are scary and gross, while Eric finds them nice and interesting. What explains the differences between what Tyler thinks and what Eric thinks?

Tyler and Eric have different concepts of spiders.

If something is original, it is

Unique

Learning disabilities often affect children

With average to above average intelligence

Describe a situation in which you would need to use practical intelligence

You are out with friends and it is getting late. You need to make it home before your curfew, but you don't have a ride home. You need to get in touch with your parents, but your cell phone is dead. So, you enter a nearby convenience store and explain your situation to the clerk. He allows you to use the store's phone to call your parents, and they come and pick you and your friends up, and take all of you home.

Describe a situation in which cultural intelligence would help you communicate better.

You are visiting Madrid, Spain, on a language immersion trip. Your Spanish is okay, but you still not sure about some of the facial expressions and body language of the native speakers. When faced with a sticky social situation, you do not engage immediately as you might back home. Instead, you hold back and observe what others are doing before reacting.

Pronoun drop is more likely to occur in ________ cultures.

collectivist

Anna is telling Joy all about Maya's recent engagement. Because they share ________, Anna assumes that Joy knows a little about Maya and George and doesn't need to tell about who they are. If Anna were speaking to someone else, she may need to include more details.

common ground

Jaxon sat down next to Harvey on the bus and immediately asked, "did you see Harper's stats last night?" Because they share ________, Jaxon didn't need to explain that he was talking about the baseball game.

common ground

Colton is an average middle school student who has a good group of friends and enjoys practicing the drums and playing baseball. Despite this, he struggles with writing and has a hard time putting his thoughts on paper. Which learning disability does he have?

dysgraphia

Walter struggles to write legibly and has a difficult time putting his thoughts on paper. Which learning disability does he have

dysgraphia

Two-thirds of typical conversations are about ________.

gossip

A mental shortcut in the form of a general problem solving framework is called

heuristic

Jaimie doesn't have much time before her class, and she still needs to find a ride to the airport, print off her assignment, and text her manager about changing her shift. Her best strategy for solving these problems will be to use

heuristics

Pronouns like "I", "me", and "my" are used more often in ________ cultures.

individualistic

The DSM-5 now uses ________ as a diagnostic label for what was once referred to as mental retardation.

intellectual disability

If something is original, it is

unique