psych quiz 4 - drugs

A human sperm cell contains

23 chromosomes

The principle of natural selection was first advanced by

Charles Darwin

Identical twins originate from the fertilization of

a single egg cell by a single sperm cell.

Men and women are most likely to differ in their

aggressiveness

Depressants are drugs such as

barbiturates and opiates.

The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior is known as

behavioral genetics

Which drugs are most likely to be prescribed for general anxiety?

benzodiazepines

When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by

blocking the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine.

Which of the following psychoactive drugs is most likely to impair people's ability to sleep?

caffeine

Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Zachary experienced a diminished appetite, an increased pulse rate, dilated pupils, and feelings of self-confidence and euphoria. Zachary most likely experienced the effects of

cocaine

Alcohol consumption tends to

decrease self-awareness and decrease impulse control.

Repeated use of an opiate

decreases the brain's production of endorphins

In large doses, alcohol is a ________; in small amounts, it is a ________.

depressant; depressant

The greatest danger of viewing drug addiction as a disease is that this may lead drug addicts to

feel powerless to overcome the addiction

One popular theory proposes that young teens are most likely to start smoking in order to

gain social acceptance

A segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a specific protein is called a

gene

Research most clearly suggests that personality traits are more strongly influenced by

genes than by home environment

In considering gender differences, it is helpful to remember that

genetic similarities between the genders are much greater than genetic differences.

Twin studies suggest that Alzheimer's disease is influenced by

heredity

Environmental influences on personality traits are most clearly highlighted by comparing

identical twins raised together with identical twins raised apart.

Peer pressure is likely to

increase an adolescent's probability of trying recreational drugs increase an adolescent's probability of smoking result in higher adult emotional stability and higher GPAs for a college graduates

Psychoactive drugs influence neurotransmission by stimulating, mimicking, or ________ the activity of neurotransmitters.

inhibiting

Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that

many people are able to stop using addictive drugs without professional help.

delta-9-THC, the active ingredient in ________, is classified as a ________.

marijuana; hallucinogen

Women are most likely to be sexually attracted to men who seem

mature and affulent

When cocaine is injected or smoked, it produces a rush of euphoria that lasts 15 to 30 minutes. But the stimulant drug ________ can trigger eight hours or so of heightened energy and euphoria.

methamphetamine

A ________ of cocaine users become addicted within 10 years after their first use of the drug. The ________ of America's ex-smokers have kicked the tobacco habit on their own, with few or no withdrawal symptoms.

minority; minority

DNA is a complex

molecule

In comparison to parental influence, peer influence is

more likely to affect a child's English language accent.

Compared with women, men are ________ likely to feel comfortable about having casual sex with different partners and ________ likely to cite affection as a reason for their first sexual intercourse.

more; less

Under the influence of alcohol, angered people are ________ likely to be aggressive than they would otherwise be and restaurant patrons are ________ likely to tip generously than they otherwise would.

more; more

A random error in gene replication is known as a

mutation

The change in brain chemistry that offsets the effects of a psychoactive drug is called

neuroadaptation which is: the body compensates for the presence of a chemical in the body so that it can continue to function normally. For people who abuse drugs or alcohol, this neuroadaptation leads to tolerance and dependence on a substance.

Chromosomes are contained with what kind of cells?

neurons, skin cells, and bone cells

Morphine and heroin are

opiates

Physical pain and intense cravings indicate

physical dependence

psychological dependence vs physical dependence

psycho: describes the addict's emotional need for the substance or behavior. physical: has to do with the condition of the body itself in relation to the substance, builds tolerance

Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called ________ drugs.

psychoactive

Although Max never experiences caffeine withdrawal symptoms, he feels that he needs coffee every morning as part of his daily routine. Max best illustrates

psychological dependence

Many smokers develop some psychological dependence for

smoking behavior, nicotine, and the chemicals in smoke

Compared to environmentally impoverished rats, those rats housed in enriched environments experienced a dramatic increase in the number of their

synapses a synpase is a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter.

People have always responded so positively to Alyssa's good looks that she has developed a socially confident and outgoing personality. This best illustrates

the interaction of nature and nurture

When Celeste was unable to obtain her regular supply of heroin, she began to develop pain and an intense craving for the drug. Celeste was experiencing symptoms of

withdrawl

Alexander Shulgin first experimented with designing new psychedelics by altering the structure of

MDMA (ecstasy)

Which of the following is an amphetamine derivative that acts as a mild hallucinogen?

MDMA (ecstasy)

An altered state of consciousness similar to that of a near-death experience is most likely to result from the use of

L$D

After ingesting a small dose of a psychoactive drug, Laqueta experienced vivid visual hallucinations and felt as if she were separated from her own body. Laqueta most likely experienced the effects of

LSD

Arlette often consumes up to six cocktails in a row before she experiences any noticeable symptoms of intoxication. This suggests that Arlette has developed

tolerance