Psych Quiz

Who would be most likely to emphasize the role of the unconscious in affecting behavior?

Sigmund Freud

The first psychological laboratory was established by

Wilhelm Wundt.

The early school of psychology known as functionalism was developed by

William James

Who was the American philosopher who authored a textbook in 1890 for the emerging discipline of psychology?

William James

What are psychology's 3 main levels of analysis?

biological, psychological, or social-cultural level

Descartes theory of how our brain controlled our reflexes involved which of the following?

brain fluid and "animal spirits"

Functionalism

concerned with discovering how the mind works.

Structuralism

concerned with discovering the structure of the mind

Humanistic psychologists focused on the importance of

healthy growth potential.

Research participants who carefully observe and report their immediate reactions and feelings in response to different musical sounds are using the method known as

introspection

In its early years, psychology focused on the study of ________, but from the 1920s into the 1960s, American psychologists emphasized the study of ________.

mental life; observable behavior

In the early 1960s, the cognitive revolution in psychology involved a renewal of interest in the scientific study of

mental processes

Nature vs. Nurture

name for a controversy in which it is debated whether genetics(genes are inherited) or environment(home life, childhood) is responsible for driving behavior.

Basic Research

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

Applied Research

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Psychodynamic

-How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts -Someone working from the psychodynamic perspective (which evolved from Freud's psychoanalysis) might view an outburst as an outlet for unconscious hostility.

Social-cultural

-How our behaviors and thinking vary across situations and cultures -Someone working from the social-cultural perspective might explore how expressions of anger vary across cultural contexts

Biological

-How the body and the brain enables emotions, memories, and sensory experiences. -Someone working from a biological perspective might study brain circuits that cause us to be "red in the face" and "hot under the collar," or how heredity and experience influence our individual differences in temperament.

Evolutionary

-How the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes -Someone working from the evolutionary perspective might analyze how anger facilitated the survival of our ancestors' genes.

Cognitive

-How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information -Someone working from the cognitive perspective might study how our interpretation of a situation affects our anger and how our anger affects our thinking.

Behaviorial

-How we learn observable responses -Someone working from the behavioral perspective might attempt to determine which external stimuli trigger angry responses or aggressive acts.

Humanistic

-How we meet our needs for love and acceptance & achieve self-fulfillment -Someone working from the humanistic perspective (a historically important approach) might have been interested in understanding how angry feelings affect a person's potential for growth. As we will see, modern-day positive psychology incorporates humanistic psychology's emphasis on human flourishing.

Which philosopher was the first to conclude that knowledge results from our memories of our experiences?

Aristotle

Structuralism was proposed by who:

Edward Titchner

Who used the method of introspection to scientifically identify basic elements of mind?

Edward Titchner

Who would have been most likely to ignore mental processes and to define psychology as "the scientific study of observable behavior"?

John B. Watson

Which philosopher is most well known for theorizing that the mind at birth is tabula rasa or a "blank slate"?

John Locke

The ideas that most directly helped form modern empiricism were proposed by

John Locke and Francis Bacon.

Which of the following innovations differentiated Wilhelm Wundt's research the most from any psychologist before him?

Laboratory research

Which psychologist was the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology after Harvard University declined to give Mary Calkins the Ph.D.?

Margaret Washburn

Who was a student of William James and the first female president of the American Psychological Association?

Mary Calkins