psych test 4
According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ________ of U.S. adults experienced mental illness in 2012.
19%
Antipsychotic medicines were first introduced in ________.
1950s
Statistics show that ________ of homeless adults living in shelters experience mental illness.
26%
Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________.
ADHD
Who developed social-cognitive theory?
Albert Bandura
Which of the following is true about neurodevelopmental disorders?
All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in early childhood.
Who developed client-centered therapy?
Carl Rogers
Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?
DSM-5 (DIAG/STATISTICAL)
Who developed psychoanalysis?
Freud
Which principle underlies cognitive therapy?
How you think determines how you feel.
Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive.
ID
Who proposed the locus of control concept?
Julian Rotter
The ________ is composed of a series of true and false questions in order to establish an individual's clinical profile.
MMPI
Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jeff's personality?
OCD
People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.
OCD
Which of the following is false of dissociative disorders?
People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture.
The ________ uses images and storytelling that relate to Hispanic culture.
TEMAS
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "Acrophobia is characterized by intense fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations in which it might be difficult to escape or receive help if one experiences symptoms of a panic attack."
acro to agora
Marlena tells her therapist that she often feels helpless and unable to accomplish her goals. Her therapist responds by acknowledging her feelings, restating what she has told him, and clarifying the feelings behind what Marlena is expressing. What aspect of client-centered therapy is this?
active listening
Max's behavior and self-presentation is relaxed and informal with his friends. When he goes on a job interview he projects professionalism and formality with his attire and language. What would Carl Jung suggest about Max?
adopted a professional persona
Lovell is noticeably fidgety and jittery. He can't sit still; he paces, wrings his hands, and pulls at his clothing constantly. Lovell suffers from psychomotor________.
agitation
Svetlana admires her boss, Helga. One day Helga forgets her briefcase and Svetlana loses all admiration for Helga. Svetlana thinks that a boss is either always perfect or not worthy of admiration. What kind of cognitive distortion is this?
all-or-nothing thinking
The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective test ________.
ambiguous
Kim believed he failed his math class because the test was too hard, passed his psychology class because the professor passed every student in the class, and didn't get the internship because the manager didn't like him. Julian Rotter would say that Kim has ________.
an external locus of control
Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________.
an internal locus of control
If parents are too lenient in the ________ stage, the child might become messy, careless, disorganized, and prone to emotional outbursts.
anal
Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft are examples of ________.
antidepressants
From an early age, Kwaku got into trouble constantly. He continually violates the rights of others and he often lies, fights, and has problems with the law. Generally, he is impulsive and fails to think ahead. He is frequently deceitful and manipulative in order to get the things he wants, and he never regrets his misdeeds or considers the feelings of those he has harmed. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Kwaku's personality?
antisocial personality disorder
A panic disorder is a type of ________disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks.
anxiety
Which mental disorder is least likely to be treated in children 8-15 years old?
anxiety
________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior.
anxiety
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "A person diagnosed with a specific anxiety experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear about a particular object or situation."
anxiety to phobia
Many cultures have stories about a hero who goes on a quest, such as Hercules, King Arthur, and Gilgamesh. What would Carl Jung say this exemplified?
archetype
________ were the first institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders.
asylums
________ can increase the risk of obesity and diabetes as well as elevate cholesterol levels; it can also cause constipation, dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness, and dizziness
atypical antipsychotics
Which childhood disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests?
autism spectrum disorder
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In aversion therapy, a therapist seeks to treat clients' fears or anxiety by presenting them with the object or situation that causes their problem, with the idea that they will eventually get used to it.
aversion to exposure
Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails?
aversive conditioning
Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didn't go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nicole's personality?
avoidant personality disorder
According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-realization?
balance between extro and intro
Karen Horney suggested ways in which people typically cope with day-to-day problems. According to Horney, these strategies could ________ if used rigidly and compulsively.
become neurotic strategies
Which kind of therapy involves a therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors?
behavior
Which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism?
behavior, cognitive, situational
Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing a social anxiety disorder?
behavioral inhibition
Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of ________.
being outside
Because we have developed certain response tendencies, ________ believed that we demonstrate consistent behavior patterns.
bf skinner
The ________ perspective suggests that psychological disorders result largely from faulty physical processes, and the ________perspective emphasizes the importance of factors such as stress and thoughts as well as environmental factors in the development of psychological disorders.
biological; phsycological
Dr. Bronson treats anxiety disorders with Xanax, which exemplifies ________ therapy.
biomedical
Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory?
birth shapes personality
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Hippocrates theorized phlegmatic, the personality trait, was associated with black bile from the kidneys.
black bile to white phlegm
Mae notices that her daughter, Natalie, is extremely preoccupied with the freckles on her nose. Mae can barely see the freckles, but Natalie spends hours in front of the mirror and recently declared that her nose is deformed and she is ugly. She spent her entire weekend applying products to eliminate the freckles, and she recently announced her plans to save money for plastic surgery. Mae believes her daughter may have a ________ disorder.
body dysmorphic
Which of the following is not something the theories of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow have in common?
both theories focus on the personality
What often happened to patients in the early years of using electroshock therapy?
broke their backs
Etiology is another word for ________.
causes
According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold.
choleric
Addiction is often viewed as a(an) ________ disease.
chronic
In the free association technique of psychoanalysis, the ________.
client says whatever comes to mind
What is the emphasis in humanistic therapy?
client's present and future
Humanistic therapy is also called ________ therapy.
client-centered
The amount of time spent in therapy depends on the needs of the client and the ________.
clients personal goals
Which of the following clearly influenced Sigmund Freud's theory of development?
climate of sexual repression
What is comorbidity?
co-occurrence of two disorders
In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
cognitive-behaviorial therapy
The ________ refers to the common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from one generation to the next.
collective unconscious
Identify the obsession in the following sentence. "Keisha is overly concerned about germs, so she spends hours wiping the surfaces of her home and washing her hands."
concern over germs
A psychological disorder is a ________.
condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
Which term refers to the fact that the therapist cannot disclose private communications to any third party unless mandated or permitted by law to do so?
confidentiality
________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar.
congruence
The ________ Concerning Blacks Test is a projective test designed to be culturally relevant to African-Americans, using images that relate to African-American culture
contemporized themes
Exposure therapy is a ________ technique.
counterconditioning
Aversive conditioning is a ________.
counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior
Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder?
deficits in social interaction
Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?
denial
Anti-anxiety agents work by ________.
depressing central nervous system activity
The ________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events.
diathesis-stress
Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing a(n) ________.
dissociative fugue
Who led the reform efforts for mental health care in the United States?
dorothea dix
The ________ personality is anxious, self-conscious, artistic, thoughtful, quiet, and private.
ectomorph
ECT stands for ________.
electroconvulsive therapy
Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________?
episodic
What does research show regarding race and ethnic differences in those who receive mental health services?
ethnic minorities tend to utilize less than white middle class american
Which of the following is a good example of a flashback?
eugene was in a motorcycle accident
Which of the following is a common characteristic of all anxiety disorders?
excessive, persistent fear
Which of the following factors does not strongly predict the development of posttraumatic stress disorder?
experiencing trauma in isolation
A(an) ________ locus of control is the belief that our outcomes are outside of our control; an ________ locus of control is the belief that we control our own outcomes.
external, internal
Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client.
free association
Who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality?
freud
Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify?
freudian slip
Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from ________.
generalized anxiety disorder
What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's seventh stage of psychosocial development, in which individuals contribute to society and focus on being a part of a family?
generativity vs. stagnation
In the ________ stage, there is a sexual reawakening as the incestuous urges resurface. The young person redirects these urges to other, more socially acceptable partners (who often resemble the other-sex parent).
genital
Which of the following is an example of flight of ideas?
gilbert talks loudly and quickly
Which treatment modality involves 5-10 people with the same issue or concern meeting together with a trained clinician?
group therapy
________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics.
heritability
Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has ________.
high self-efficacy
As the "third force" in psychology, ________ is touted as a reaction both to the pessimistic determinism of psychoanalysis and to the behaviorists' view of humans passively reacting to the environment.
humanism
Dr. Banner wants his clients to learn to articulate thoughts that keep them from achieving their goals. Therefore, Dr. Banner increases their self-awareness by focusing on their conscious thoughts. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation is he using?
humanistic therapy
What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart?
identical twins have similar personalities
A recent study compared the vaccination histories of 256 children with autism spectrum disorder with that of 752 control children across three time periods during their first two years of life. Researchers found that ________.
immunogens were not related
How is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis?
in behavior therapy
The ________ approach to the study of personality came about in reaction to the dominance of Western approaches to the study of personality in non-Western settings.
indigenous
A(an) ________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society.
inferiority
What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's eighth stage of psychosocial development, in which an individual assesses and makes sense of her life and the meaning of her contributions?
integrity vs despair
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Research suggests that there are two dimensions of our temperament that are important parts of our adult personality: interactivity and self-regulation.
interactivity to reactivity
Which of the following statements about autism spectrum disorder is incorrect?
involves feeling overwhelmed and sad
Which of the following statements is true about obsessive-compulsive disorder?
it involves intrusive unpleasant thoughts
Grace is talking with her wife, Myanna. Myanna starts crying, and Grace immediately assumes that Myanna wants a divorce. What kind of cognitive distortion is this?
jumping to conclusions
Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth?
karen horney
Which of the following is an example of avolition?
lack of motivation to bathe yourself
Which of the following defines antisocial personality disorder?
lack of regard for others rights
Ocean Therapy involves group discussion and ________.
learning how to surf
Dan avoids applying to college because he doubts he can succeed. He is working a retail job, but he tends to focus on the things he does wrong. In fact, he has almost no confidence in his abilities, and when he experiences a setback at work he is ready to quit. Albert Bandura would say Dan has ________.
low self-efficacy
Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing ________.
mania
Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why?
mood disorders have been shown to
When Fay feels anxious, she retreats to her closet with a flashlight, using the closet as a private hideaway. What coping strategy is Fay using?
moving away from people
When Imogene feels anxiety, she clings to her mother and father for affection and reassurance. What coping strategy is Imogene using?
moving toward people
Karen Horney described three coping styles when dealing with anxiety. Which of the following is not one of them?
moving with people
Carl Jung's view of extroverted and introverted types serves as a basis of the ________.
myers-briggs
Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nathan's personality?
narcissistic personality disorder
What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians?
neo-freudians reduced the emphasis on sex
If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________.
often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania
Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in OCD?
orbitofrontal cortex
Identify the compulsion in the following example. Demarco can't stop thinking about his book collection, which includes hundreds of first editions. He wants it to be in a particular order. He spends hours every day organizing his books alphabetically by author, then by color, then by size.
organizing the books
Self-efficacy is ________.
our level of confidence in our own abilities
According to research, how does the public view children and teens with mental health disorders?
over 1300 adults
Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?
ozzie has a genetic predisposition
________ delusions involve the (false) belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person.
paranoid
An archetype is a ________.
pattern that exists in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies
What did a 2006 special report by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) suggest about the amount of mental illness in the criminal justice system?
people with mental illness are over represented
Carl Rogers called his therapeutic orientation client-centered therapy because he thought the term "patient" ________.
person was sick and looking for a cure
Carl Jung referred to the ________ as the mask we adopt.
persona
Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of histrionic personality disorder?
pheobe feels uncomfortable
Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. Yuri suffers from a(n) ________.
phobia
Harlow is eight years old. She sees Dr. Gardener every Friday at 11:00 a.m. Their sessions involve Dr. Gardener watching Harlow interact with stuffed animals and other toys. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
play therapy
Which therapeutic process involves the use of toys
play therapy
Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide?
popular music that promotes suicide
Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing a ________ disorder.
post-traumatic stress
Deinstitutionalization refers to the ________.
process of closing large asylums
Dr. Grimes conducts a ________ by requesting that his patient respond to ambiguous stimuli, thus revealing hidden feelings, impulses, and desires
projective test
Elena is attending mandatory therapy sessions. Her doctor just wants her to talk about her childhood. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
psychodynamic psychotheraphy
Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, ________.
race culture and ethnicity
Repeated drug use and/or alcohol use after a period of improvement from substance abuse is called ________.
relapse
Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory?
rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Carl Rogers believed most of our psychological problems are the result of repressed impulses and trauma experienced in childhood, and he believed psychoanalysis would help uncover long-buried feelings.
rogers to freud
The ________ Inkblot Test employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to reveal the person's unconscious desires, fears, and struggles.
roschach
________ have over 85% of the l,669 federally designated mental health professional shortage areas.
rural areas
________are mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as wearing bland, neutral clothes to avoid drawing attention to oneself.
safety behaviors
According to the American Psychological Association (APA), three factors work together to produce successful treatment. Which of the following is not one of the three factors?
same sex
Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior?
schizo
Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during midwinter. What kind of depression does Alexis have?
seasonal
________ is a subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year.
seasonal
The concept of ________ suggests that people choose to move to places that are compatible with their personalities and needs.
selective migration
Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________.
severe depression
Who designed the first comprehensive system of constitutional psychology?
sheldon
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? According to Sigmund Freud, unconscious drives influenced by sex and aggression and childhood socialization are the forces that influence our personality.
socialization to sexuality
Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of schizotypal personality disorder?
stella laughed
For Burt, who has claustrophobia, a small dark room creates a small amount of fear, a stairwell creates a bit more fear, and an elevator creates the most fear. Burt's therapist induces deep relaxation and asks him to imagine a small dark room. Gradually, they will work up to having Burt imagine being in an elevator. What aspect of exposure therapy is this?
stimulus hierarchy
What kind of family therapy involves the therapist guiding the therapy session and developing treatment plans for each family member's specific problem?
strategic
________ involves thoughts of death by suicide, thinking about or planning suicide, or making a suicide attempt.
suicidal ideation
On the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself to heights using a stimulus hierarchy. Which form of therapy is she using?
systematic desensitization
Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________.
that applies to women
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Evidence-based practice in psychology is the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of therapist characteristics, culture, and preferences.
therapist to client
Why was Sigmund Freud trained as a medical doctor and not a psychologist?
there was no degree in psychology
What is the advantage of applying learning approaches to the study of personality?
they can be scientifically tested
Who argued that the notion of mental illness was invented by society (and the mental health establishment) to stigmatize and subjugate people whose behavior violates accepted social and legal norms?
thomas szasz
What principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy
thoughts affect behavior
________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.
trait
Dr. Duncan is a therapist who works with men accused of domestic violence. Although it is difficult, she does her best to be non-judgmental during therapy sessions. Which aspect of client-centered therapy is this?
unconditional positive regard
Which of the following explains why most psychiatric hospitals emphasize short-term care?
very high cost
Antipsychotic drugs, such as Haldol, are used to treat all of the following except
visual hallucinations
Lexi cannot control her impulses to pull out her hair. Her friend Paul suggests that she see a therapist and Lexi agrees. She gets a referral from her primary care physician for a therapist and begins seeing Dr. Clark four times a month. What kind of treatment does this describe?
voluntary
Who identified psychological disorders as a harmful dysfunction?
wakefield
Due to Dominique' s obsessive-compulsive disorder, she may ________.
wash her hands every 10 minutes
How long does psychoanalysis typically take?
years
In Hippocrates theory of personality, what bodily humor was associated with choleric temperament?
yellow liver bile
Which principle underlies the effectiveness of systematic desensitization?
you cant be nervous and relaxed
