Psych test 5 chapter 12

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect.

Asch

________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors.

Dispositionism

What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study?

Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.

Which example best exemplifies homophily?

Latara and Vaughn are the same race and attend the same church. They met in their psychology class, a subject they both major in. They begin to date.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Hostile aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain.

The word "hostile" should be changed to the word "instrumental."

Which of the following best exemplifies prosocial behavior?

Tyler visits his aunt to bring her groceries

Tom believes he is unable to stop gambling because his friends all gamble and are a bad influence; however, he believes that Barnaby is unable to stop gambling because Barnaby is addicted to gambling. This is an example of

actor-observer bias

Billie is a(n) ________ because he believes people over age 65 should have their driver's license suspended, the elderly use up important social resources, and they occupy jobs that should belong to younger, more capable people.

ageist

What is the just-world hypothesis?

an ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve

Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion?

anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion?

anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

A(n) ________ is the evaluation of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative.

attitude

Behavior is a product of both the situation and the person. Which of the following is an example of a situation that might influence behavior?

being in a crowd of bystanders when you witness someone fainting

The ________ is demonstrated by the attack on Kitty Genovese.

bystander effect

Which type of persuasion involves logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an argument's worthiness?

central route

`Don knows that drinking too much liquor is a costly habit that is bad for his health, but he continues to drink large amounts of liquor. He also thinks he is a smart person that makes good choices. Don feels some psychological discomfort from this contradiction, which is also called ________.

cognitive dissonance

The Milgram experiment required the participation of a(n) ________ to play the part of the person being shocked because the experiment would be invalidated if the participant realized the electric shock treatment was faked.

confederate

Fantasia believes that people with blue eyes are somehow more creative than other people. Whenever Fantasia encounters a person that has blue eyes and is creative, she places greater importance on this evidence supporting her already existing belief. At the same time, Fantasia ignores any evidence that people without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a ________.

confirmation bias

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________.

diffusion of responsibility

Mona works at a bank. When Luis, a Colombian man, arrives to drop off his paycheck she pretends to be busy and directs him to another teller. She does this whenever a non-White person wants assistance. This is an example of ________.

discrimination

The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________.

emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

foot-in-door

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she had a bad day. Lee is making a ________.

fundamental attribution error

________ is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group.

group polarization

Social psychology is a field that studies both interpersonal and intrapersonal behavior. Which of the following is an example of interpersonal behavior?

group processes

What is modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus?

groupthink

Based on the discussion in your text, which of the following strategies would effectively reduce prejudice between groups?

having groups meet under equal terms and cooperate on a task

________ refers to prejudice and discrimination against individuals based solely on their same-sex orientation.

homophobia

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias.

in-group

Which of the following best defines the Asch effect?

influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment

People view the Environmental Protection Agency as competent and believe they know correct information regarding what individuals should do to protect the environment, so they possess ________ social influence when it comes to enforcing a group norm of recycling.

informational

Which type of social influence involves conformity to a group norm prompted by the belief that the group is competent and has the correct information?

informational

Nicole wants a cookie. Heather has a cookie. Nicole pushes Heather and takes her cookie. Nicole doesn't intend to hurt Heather, Nicole just wants the cookie. This is an example of ________.

instrumental agression

What is Groupthink?

modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus

Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television. This is an example of ________ social influence.

normative

Which type of persuasion involves an indirect route that relies on association of secondary cues to associate positivity with a message?

peripheral route

When it comes to social psychology, a script is a ________.

person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

Heather and Mike share the household chores as equally as possible. They take turns with the cooking and driving their son to daycare. Both of them work outside the home, and each of them takes responsibility for child care one night a week to give the other one a break. We can say that their relationship has ________.

reciprocity

When it comes to relationships, we expect to share thoughts, feelings, and ideas in a mutual exchange called ________.

reciprocity

In California, undocumented migrants are often blamed for high unemployment in the state, although statistics show that high unemployment is not related to the number of illegal migrants. In this example, illegal migrants are victims of ________: the act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal.

scapegoating

Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring?

seeking outside opinions on group decisions

Following an outcome, ________ are those attributions that enable us to see ourselves in favorable light.

self-serving bias

Penny gets an acting job on Friday that she attributes to her good acting. She doesn't get the next acting job; therefore, she blames the casting director for not wanting to hire a woman. This is an example of ________.

self-serving bias

Dale thinks that women shouldn't work outside the home and vows never to hire a woman at his bank. Dale's attitudes and planned course of action are ________.

sexist

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training?

simon bites his mother

Anna thinks that Bill is rude to her because she had to seat him in a noisy, crowded area of the restaurant. Anna takes a ________ view of Bill.

situationist

David attempts to minimize the costs of his relationship with Daniel while maximizing benefits. He enjoys Daniel's company, but he tries to avoid helping him move. This is an example of the ________ theory.

social exchange

Travis is part of a group playing tug-of-war. He knows that his team is stronger, so he doesn't try as hard as he could. Travis is engaged in ________.

social loathing

What is the main point of the Stanford prison experiment?

social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

What is a social role?

socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

Fatima generalizes that all men are irresponsible players, cheaters, and liars. When it comes to men, Fatima may be applying ________: negative beliefs about individuals based solely on their membership in a group.

stereotypes

Which of the following is an example of the self-fulfilling prophecy?

telling someone with dyslexia she cannot learn to read, leading her to become illiterate even though she could learn to read with a bit of extra effort

Janeka does poorly on her psychology final, so she makes fun of her mother's ability to cook. A frustration aggression theorist might explain this by focusing on ________.

the way Janeka's frustration with her exam led her to be aggressive toward her mother