psych u6

chuck recalls the day last summer when he fell off his bicycle and scraped his knee. this is an example of

d- episodic memory

On a fishing trip, Ed realizes that he has mistakenly packed the sewing box instead of the tackle box. He wants to fish but returns home because he does not have any line or hooks. Ed's failure to realize that sewing thread can be used as fishing line and that a bent needle can be used as a hook is an example of

d- functional fixedness

a test that is valid must

d- predict future behavior

the chart above illustrates which of the following psychological concepts

d- serial position effect

a prototype is best defined as

d- the hypothetical "most typical" instance of a category

to score high on a test of creativity, a person's answers should be

a- original and valuable

according to the information-processing view of memory, the first stage in memory processing involves

d- encoding

if juan tried to learn a long list of words, he would most likely forget words that

c- appeared in the middle of the list

average IQ scores have increased steadily over the past 100 years. it has been argued that this effect is most likely due to

a- an increase in the average number of years in school

a basic assumption underlying short term memory is that it is

a- limited in capacity

which of the following is an example of a prelinguistic event

c- babbling

in elementary school, lisa learned to speak some japanese in addition to english. as a sophomore in high school lisa took a class in chinese. she found that some of the enw vocab was difficult to learn because her earlier japanese vocab was competing with the new chinese words. this situation best illustrates

a- positive transfer

Henry took an intelligence test and scored lower than he thought he should. He kept retaking the test, but he kept getting about the same score each time. This series of events indicates that the test was

a- reliable

piper reads about someone described as adventurous and extroverted. she then judges that this person is more likely to be a lawyer who enjoys hiking than a lawyer who does not. the best explanation for Piper's error is that she is basing her judgment on

a- the availability heuristic

research on a critical period during the acquisition of second languages indicates that which of the following statements is true?

a- the older individual is, the more difficulty he or she will have with second-language pronunciation

professor Belvedere wants to help her anatomy students memorize the names of different parts of the body. which of the following techniques will best help her students?

b- asking them questions about the meaning of each word

which of the following best illustrates Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve

b- erik studied italian in college. after he graduated, he went backpacking in europe, where he realized that he had forgotten a lot of Italian.

gabby uses a coin to tighten a screw on a faucet handle. this action shows that gabby has overcome

b- functional fixedness

which of the following activities most directly relies on the hippocampus

b- memorizing the layout of a neighborhood

Ms. Reagan, who is a teacher, agrees more with Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence than Charles Spearman's theory of intelligence. Which of the following scenarios would she most agree with?

b- ms reagan thinks that her students exhibit more than one type of intelligence. for example, she notices her student noel plays with others as well as alone

elena is presented with a list of 20 numbers. when asked to recall this list, she remembers more numbers from the beginning than from the end of the list. this phenomenon demonstrates which of the following types of effect?

b- primacy

A test author most interested in ensuring that individuals receive similar scores on a personality test every time they take it is attempting to increase which of the following?

b- reliability

after visiting her profesor's office, rachel writes down everything she remembers seeing there. which memory concept best explains why rachel falsely encoded the books and failed to encode the skull?

b- schemas

when confronted with the sequence "_N_" at the end of a word in a crossword puzzle, tony inserts the letters I and G in the two blanks because that procedure has often led to the correct answer in previous puzzles. this ex illustrates the use of

c- a heuristic

Dr. Porter is studying the effectiveness of two intervention programs to improve the outcomes of children who have an intellectual disability. Which of the following groups of children should she include in her study?

c- children who have an IQ between 50 and 69

alfred binet's efforts to measure intelligence were directed at

c- predicting children's success in school

a student who obtained a percentile rank of 75 on an achievement test is best characterized as having

c- scored higher than 75% of the test takers

to help himself remember the name of his new college, hope, jose thinks about the meaning of her name- the feeling of hopefulness. which of the following concepts best corresponds to jose's strategy

c- semantic encoding

barbara is a talented architect. on which type of intelligence will she most heavily rely to complete her next building design?

c- spatial

the intelligence quotient has traditionally been based on the relationship between an individuals mental age and his or her

d- chronological age

brad hears a report on the evening news that diets low in carbohydrates are beneficial to one's health. considering this advice he begins such a diet. later he hears another report condemning low-carbohydrate diets as harmful to one's health. based upon research on belief perseverance, how would Brad respond to this new information?

d- continue to believe in the beneficial effects of low carbohydrate diets

when trying to solve a problem, bret uses a logical, step-by-step formula called

e- an algorithm

which of the following types of intelligence is most clearly demonstrated by an individuals knowledge of facts

e- crystalized

all human languages have several basic sounds in common called

e- phonemes

people who have difficulty remembering recently learned materials because of similar information learned earlier on in life are demonstrating the phenomenon of

e- proactive interference