psych unit 3
Transference
(psychoanalysis) the process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another
Which of the following is true about neurodevelopmental disorders?
- All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in early childhood.
According to the substance abuse and mental health services administration (SAMHSA), in 2008, ______ of adults received treatment for a mental health issue
13.4%
Statistics show that ______ of homeless adults living in shelters experience mental illness
26%
locus of control
A belief about the amount of control a person has over situations in their life.
Anxiety disorder: post-traumatic stress disorder
A person has difficulty recovering after experiencing a terrifying event
Type A/B
A: aggressive, chronic struggle to achieve more in less time B: cool, relaxed
In Hans Selye's rat study, rats that were exposed to stressors over a long period of time showed signs of
Adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph nodes shrinkage, and stomach ulceration
who developed social-cognitive theory?
Albert Bandura
Neo-Freudian: Carl Jung
Analytic psychology: collective unconscious (mental patterns that are common to all), archetypes (ancestral memories), persona (mask that we adopt to hide our true self)
Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft are examples of
Antidepressants
________ can increase the risk of obesity and diabetes as well as elevate cholesterol levels; it can also cause constipation, dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness, and dizziness.
Atypical antipsychotics
Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didn't go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nicole's personality?
Avoidant personality disorder
Renzo's therapist helps him learn to overcome his fear of dogs through several stages of relaxation techniques. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
Behavior therapy
The ______ perspective suggests that psychological disorders result largely from faulty physical processes, and the _____ perspective emphasizes the importance of factors such as stress and thoughts as well as environmental factors in the development of psychological disorders
Biological, psychological
Who developed client-centered therapy?
Carl Rogers
Neo-Freudian: Alfred Adler
Childhood development emerges through social development, focuses on our drive to compensate for feelings of inferiority
The amount of time spent in therapy depends on the needs of the client and the _____
Clients personal goals
Which term refers to the fact that the therapist cannot disclose private communications to any third-party unless mandated or permitted by the law to do so?
Confidentiality
Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?
Coping
4th D
Danger to oneself or others, not a common feature
Mood Disorder: Major Depressive Disorder
Depressed all the time
Which of the following is a reason that depression is associated with heart disease?
Depression may increase the likelihood of living an unhealthy lifestyle, which increases the risk of heart disease.
3 D's
Deviance: individual breaks cultural norms Distress: behavior upsets either individual or others around them Dysfunctional: interferes with daily functioning
Thought disorder (schizophrenia)
Distorted thoughts, hallucinations, and feelings of fright and paranoia
Which of the following is a good example of a flashback?
Eugene was in a motorcycle accident. When he hears a sudden loud noise he relives the accident and feels as if it is happening all over again.
Anna is a school counselor. She hates going to work and wants to lock the door and cry whenever a student comes to her for help. She just doesn't feel like she has anything left to give. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?
Exhaustion
Due to Dominique' s obsessive-compulsive disorder, she may ________.
Exhibit an extreme fear water
Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the
Fight or flight response
Psychoanalysis
Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
Job burn out
General sense of emotional exhaustion and cynicism in relations to one job
Five types of anxiety disorders
Generalized Anxiety disorder, Phobias, Panic Attacks, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
A ______ psychologist my investigate why people continue to smoke or eat high fat and processed food despite knowing the potential adverse health implications of such behaviors
Health
Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?
Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat
Nawaz and his boyfriend break up. Nawaz makes an internal attribution for this outcome. Complete the sentence to show an internal attribution that Nawaz could make. My boyfriend broke up with me because ________.
I am unlovable
Freudian: id, ego, superego
Id: unconscious - pleasure principle, inaccessible warehouse of anxiety, producing thoughts and drives Ego: conscious - reality principle, all things we are aware of at any given moment Superego: preconscious - moral principle, everything that can be brought into consciousness with little effort
Which of the following statements is true about obsessive compulsive disorder?
It involves intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors.
Factory worker, supermarket cashier, and short order cook are all examples of occupations with high levels of
Job strain
Who proposed the locus of control concept?
Julian Rotter
Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the General adaption syndrome?
Latricia has been lost in the woods for days. After such a long period of anxiety and fear, Latricia collapses by a tree
Mood Disorder: Bipolar Disorder
Mood fluctuations from extremely happy (mania) to extremely depressed (depression)
What does research suggest about the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques?
No studies have found one psychotherapeutic approach more effective than another.
Anxiety disorder: obsessive-compulsive disorder: obsession and compulsions
Obsessive thoughts, ritual compulsions Obsession: occurs repeatedly, uncontrollably Compulsions: desperate response to anxiety, temporary solution
People with ____ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or The need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts
Obsessive-compulsive
five-factor theory: OCEAN
Openness to experience: imaginative or practical Conscientiousness: organized or disorganized Extroversion: sociable or retiring Agreeableness: helpful or uncooperative Neuroticism: calm or anxious
learned helplessness
Pattern of experiences that lead you to an outcome
happiness: Pleasant life, good life, meaningful life
Pleasant life: find joy in everything Good life: know who you are and be that person Meaningful life: be of service
Optimism is a tendency toward a
Positive outlook and positive expectations
psychodynamic perspective
Primarily unconscious, early experiences with parents, exploring the symbolic meanings of behavior and the unconscious mind
Coping: problem versus emotional, self-regulation
Problem versus emotional: not one is better Self-regulation: what we do in managing our own self
Neo-Freudian: Erik Erikson
Psychosocial theory of development: an individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan based on social relationships
Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, _______
Race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment
Freudian: defense mechanisms
Repression: try not to remember Rationalization: take current behavior and justify it Displacement: upset with partner and take it out on kids Projection: assign own emotional state onto someone else Denial: deny feelings and emotions
______ have over 85% of the 1,669 federal designated mental health professional shortage areas
Rural areas
Who developed psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
the ______ uses images and storytelling that relate to Hispanic culture.
TEMAS multicultural thematic appreciation test
Comorbidity
The coexistence of two or more disorders.
Threat versus challenge
Threat: anxiety, increased blood pressure, constricted airflow, decrease in energy Challenge: absence of anxiety, increase bloodflow, increased oxygen, increase in energy
Neo-Freudian: Karen Horney
Three styles that children cope: moving toward people, moving away from people, moving against people Denied that women have penis envy, suggested that men have womb envy
Noomi seems to live by the "don't sweat the small stuff" concept. She is relaxed, laid-back, and never seems too concerned about meeting deadlines or finishing a to-do list. Noomi has a ________ personality.
Type B
Personality
a pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world
cognitive behavioral therapy
a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)
Exposure and Response Prevention Therapy
a variant of exposure therapy often used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder; patient is exposed to object or situation that triggers obsessions/compulsions and prevented from partaking in compulsive behavior.
Marcy is in a car accident. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.
acute
A panic disorder is a type of _____ disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks
anxiety
Karen Horney suggested ways in which people typically cope with day-to-day problems. According to Horney, these strategies could ________ if used rigidly and compulsively.
become neurotic strategies
Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of ________.
being outside the home alone
The concept of perceived control refers to ________.
beliefs about the capacity to influence and shape outcomes in our lives
Addiction is often viewed as a(an) ________ disease.
chronic
What is the emphasis in humanistic therapy?
client's present and future
Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.
cognitive
Identify the obsession in the following sentence. "Keisha is overly concerned about germs, so she spends hours wiping the surfaces of her home and washing her hands."
concern over germs
_____ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar.
congruence
the _____ concerning blacks test is a projective test designed to be culturally relevant to African-americans, using images that relate to African-American culture
contemporized-themes
Exhibiting a personality that ________ is a common characteristic of all personality disorders.
differs markedly from the expectations of one's culture
Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing a(n) ________.
dissociative fugue
________ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating.
distress
the _____ personality is anxious, self-conscious, artistic, thoughtful, quiet, and private.
ectomorph
________ is the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.
eustress
Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from ________.
generalized anxiety disorder
What triggers the secondary appraisal of a stressor?
how a threat is perceived
Dr. Banner wants his clients to learn to articulate thoughts that keep them from achieving their goals. Therefore, Dr. Banner increases their self-awareness by focusing on their conscious thoughts. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation is he using?
humanistic therapy
what was the primary finding of the Minnesota study of twins reared apart?
identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities
the thematic apperception test (TAT) is a projective test ______.
in which people are presented with ambiguous images
what is the developmental task of Erik erikson's eight stage of psychosocial development, in which an individual assesses and makes sense of her life and the meaning of her contributions?
integrity vs despair
Ingrid is energized by being alone, speaks slowly and softly, and avoids attention. Carl Jung would call her a(an) ________.
introvert
Ocean Therapy involves group discussion and ________.
learning how to surf
Angela transfers to a new high school for gifted children and has trouble making friends. She expected this and plans to change it by joining more after school clubs and sitting next to different people at lunch. She believes she has effective options for dealing with the stressor of having no friends; therefore, she experiences ________.
less stress than someone who has no effective options
Dan avoids applying to college because he doubts he can succeed. He is working a retail job, but he tends to focus on the things he does wrong. In fact, he has almost no confidence in his abilities, and when he experiences a setback at work he is ready to quit. Albert Bandura would say Dan has ________.
low self-efficacy
Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in OCD?
orbitofrontal cortex
self-efficacy is ______.
our level of confidence in our own abilities
An archetype is a ________.
pattern that exists in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies
Carl Jung referred to the ________ as the mask we adopt.
persona
how are the principles of reciprocal determinism present in observational learning?
personal factors determine which behaviors in the environment a person chooses to imitate
what is the main idea of behavioral perspective on personality?
personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism
Deinstitutionalization refers to the ______
process of closing large asylums
Anxiety disorder: panic
recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur out of the blue
What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common?
repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts
Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior?
schizophrenia
Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during midwinter. What kind of depression does Alexis have?
seasonal pattern
________ is a subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year.
seasonal pattern
according to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ______.
self-actualization
Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with _____
severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy
The use of ________ can result in decreased appetite, difficulty sleeping, stomachache, and headache.
stimulants
Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ______
that applies to women who experience an episode of major depression either during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth
two-factor theory
the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal
A recent study compared the vaccination histories of 256 children with autism spectrum disorder with that of 752 control children across three time periods during their first two years of life. Researchers found that ________.
the quantity of immunogens from vaccines received during the first two years of life were not at all related to the development of autism spectrum disorder
Why was Sigmund Freud trained as a medical doctor and not a psychologist?
there was no such thing as a degree in psychology when he received his education
A stressor would be appraised as a ________ if someone anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence; however, if someone believes that it carries the potential for gain or personal growth, it would be appraised as a ________.
threat/challenge
Lexi cannot control her impulses to pull out her hair. Her friend Paul suggests that she see a therapist and Lexi agrees. She gets a referral from her primary care physician for a therapist and begins seeing Dr. Clark four times a month. What kind of treatment does this describe?
voluntary
which question was central to the marshmallow test?
would you be able to resist getting a small reward now in order to get a larger reward later?
