Psych2314

​The neural plate ultimately forms the a. ​brain and spinal cord. b. ​nervous system and the skull. c. ​spinal cord and the nervous system. d. ​skull and the brain

a. ​brain and spinal cord.

As a typical American teen, Ralph is most likely to describe his first sex partner as a. ​his love. b. ​a casual date. c. ​his steady girlfriend. d. ​a stranger.

b. ​a casual date.

The drug Ritalin that is often prescribed for children with ADHD is a type of a. ​antidepressant. b. ​hallucinogen. c. stimulant.​ d. antipsychotic.

c. stimulant.​

​Benoit is interested in studying the effects of various biological forces on human development. Which topic is probably of least interest to him? a. ​Cognition b. ​Exercise c. ​Brain maturation d. ​Menopause

a. ​Cognition

According to Erikson, how would parents establish trust in their six-month-old?​ a. ​Consistently responding to the child's needs b. ​Avoid excessive displays of affection c. ​Utilize an authoritarian parenting style d. ​Encourage the immediate resolution of the Oedipal complex

a. ​Consistently responding to the child's needs

​If tallness is dominant and designated as "T," and shortness is recessive and designated as "s," who would likely be short? a. ​Danny, who is "ss" b. ​Bing, who is "sT" c. Crosby, who is "Ts" d. ​Kay, who is "TT"

a. ​Danny, who is "ss"

Which characteristic is least associated with gifted children? a. Physical strength​ b. Above average cognitive ability​ c. Passion about learning​ d. ​Creative thinking

a. Physical strength​

Which task would an average elementary-age girl perform better than an average elementary-age boy? a. Writing her name in cursive b. ​Throwing a softball c. ​Hanging from the monkey bars d. ​Jumping over a bar

a. Writing her name in cursive

Though Mabel is unable to think in abstract terms, she is beginning to understand that because 3 + 5 = 8, 8 - 5 must equal 3. Mabel has begun to exhibit Piaget's ____ stage of thinking. a. concrete operational b. formal operational c. sensorimotor d. preoperational

a. concrete operational

​A gender-schema theorist would be most likely to argue that young children are a. constantly looking for cues about gender.​ b. uninfluenced by environmental experiences with gender-based behaviors.​ c. uninterested in gender.​ d. ​born with a basic gender identity.

a. constantly looking for cues about gender.​

Heuristics tend to be very ​ a. fast. b. ​accurate. c. ​sophisticated. d. ​analytical.

a. fast.

Estrogen is directly released by the a. ovaries. b. ​adrenal gland. c. ​testes. d. ​pituitary gland.

a. ovaries.

Long-term memory is to working memory as a. permanent is to temporary. b. biology is to psychology. c. weigh station is to destination. d. ​organized is to unorganized.

a. permanent is to temporary.

Marcia's parents frequently tell her she is "an idiot" and often make her look foolish in front of her friends. This sort of abuse would best be described as a. psychological. b. ​physical. c. ​socialization. d. ​neglect.

a. psychological

Liked is to popular children as disliked is to ____ children.​ a. rejected​ b. ​controversial c. ​average d. neglected​

a. rejected​

A friend hears that you are in a developmental psychology course and asks you how long his newborn daughter is supposed to sleep. Being a very bright student, you would give the correct answer of, a. ​"16-18 hours a day." b. ​"20-22 hours a day." c. ​"8-10 hours a day." d. ​"12-14 hours a day."

a. ​"16-18 hours a day."

Which group of males in the United States has the lowest incidence of death during young adulthood (age 25-34)? a. ​Asian Americans b. ​Latinos c. ​African Americans d. ​Native Americans

a. ​Asian Americans

Billie is a seven-year-old boy who likes to play house and play with dolls. How would his peers be most likely to react to this behavior? a. ​Both girls and boys would be rejecting. b. ​Both girls and boys would be accepting. c. Girls would be accepting, and boys would be rejecting. d. ​Boys would be accepting, and girls would be rejecting.

a. ​Both girls and boys would be rejecting

What should Danko do when he is informed that his newborn son has PKU (phenylketonuria)?​ a. ​Don't panic, since despite being a genetic disorder, it can be controlled through proper diet b. ​Don't panic, since PKU is a sex-linked disorder that affects only females c. ​Don't panic, since PKU can be cured with drug treatments d. ​Panic, since PKU is an incurable genetic disorder that results in severe intellectual disability

a. ​Don't panic, since despite being a genetic disorder, it can be controlled through proper diet

​Which type of intelligence is best associated with Daniel Goleman? a. ​Emotional b. ​Naturalistic c. ​Bodily-kinesthetic d. ​Musical

a. ​Emotional

​Which of 26-year-old Tonya's characteristics would qualify her as being a "returning adult student?" a. ​Her age b. ​The fact that she is leaving a job c. ​Her sex d. ​The fact that she is the first in her family to go to school

a. ​Her age

Which concept is best associated with increased content knowledge? a. ​Increased expertise b. ​Increased processing speed c. ​Increased memory capacity d. ​Increased metacognitive skills

a. ​Increased expertise

Who is most likely to abuse his child? a. ​Joe, who is socially isolated from friends and relatives b. ​Louis, who relies on the time-out technique to punish his children c. ​Scott, who is wealthy d. ​Derek, who was never abused when he was a child

a. ​Joe, who is socially isolated from friends and relatives

Which is the best example of underextension? a. ​Referring to the family cat as a "kitty" but not using the same name for any other animal (including other cats) b. Referring to a train as a "choo-choo" c. ​Using a single-word utterance ("car") rather than telegraphic speech ("let's ride in the car") d. ​Referring to all vehicles having four wheels as "trucks"

a. ​Referring to the family cat as a "kitty" but not using the same name for any other animal (including other cats)

Terminal buttons are located on which part of a neuron? a. ​The end of the axon b. ​Neurotransmitter c. ​The end of the dendrite d. ​Cell body

a. ​The end of the axon

​Which statement concerning the timing of puberty in males and females is true? a. ​The onset of menarche in females typically occurs around the same time as the onset of spermarche in males. b. ​The onset of menarche in females typically occurs a few years prior to the typical onset of spermarche in males. c. ​The onset of menarche in females typically occurs a few years after to the typical onset of spermarche in males. d. The onset of menarche in females typically occurs almost a decade after the typical onset of spermarche in males.

a. ​The onset of menarche in females typically occurs around the same time as the onset of spermarche in males.

​Which event is characteristic of the period of the fetus? a. ​The significant growth in the cerebral cortex b. ​The attachment of the umbilical cord to the placenta c. The first neural activity in the neocortex d. ​The first beat of the heart

a. ​The significant growth in the cerebral cortex

​In what way are newborns more linguistically sophisticated than the average adult? a. ​They can auditorily distinguish between more phonemes. b. ​Newborns have no linguistic advantages over adults. c. ​They do not habituate to new phonemes. d. ​They can produce more phonemes

a. ​They can auditorily distinguish between more phonemes.

​Which is a key cue used by infants when attempting to identify whether a sound represents a word? a. ​They focus on sounds that are stressed during speech. b. ​They focus on the sound with the least number of phonemes. c. ​They focus on the sounds made by other infants. d. ​They focus on sounds that repeat (e.g., gaga)

a. ​They focus on sounds that are stressed during speech

Who is best classified as being in the state of emerging adulthood? a. ​Whitney, who is 25 b. ​Audrina, who is 35 c. ​Lo, who is 15 d. ​Spencer, who is 45

a. ​Whitney, who is 25

The fact that infant Ricardo has come to expect that his mother is available when he needs her means that Ricardo has developed​ a. ​an internal working model. b. ​parallel play. c. ​temperament. d. ​autonomy.

a. ​an internal working model.

​In the children's television show Pee Wee's Playhouse, the floor, globe, and chair could talk, move, and had their own personalities. The fact that many young children view such objects as being "alive" is consistent with the Piagetian concept of a. ​animism. b. ​intonation. c. ​irreversibility. d. observational learning

a. ​animism.

Prenatal development begins​ a. ​at conception. b. ​with sperm production. c. ​with ovulation. d. ​at implantation into the uterus.

a. ​at conception.

​Memory research suggests that a. ​at three months, infants start to successfully remember events that occurred several days before. b. ​infants seldom forget past events over time. c. ​at six months, infants start to successfully remember events that occurred several days before. d. ​"reminders" do not enhance infant memory.

a. ​at three months, infants start to successfully remember events that occurred several days before

​A memory for some significant life event is called a(n) ____ memory. a. ​autobiographical b. ​general knowledge c. ​intonation d. ​semantic

a. ​autobiographical

When her physician mentions the term "crowning," Erica, who is giving birth, should realize that means that her a. ​baby's head has just reached the vaginal opening. b. ​placenta is about to be delivered. c. cervix has just fully dilated. d. ​uterine contractions are about to start

a. ​baby's head has just reached the vaginal opening.

​Scaffolding involves a teaching style in which assistance is always a. ​based on the level of the learner's needs. b. ​nonverbal. c. ​done in informal settings. d. ​from peers.

a. ​based on the level of the learner's needs.

If he is a typical child, when five-year-old Tonka hears a commercial that says, "This is the best toy in the whole world!" he​ a. ​believes the commercial is telling the truth. b. ​would not understand what it means. c. ​knows that the company is simply trying to sell something. d. ​believes that the company is lying.

a. ​believes the commercial is telling the truth

Parental conflict​ a. ​can make a child feel that the family is unstable. b. ​is not a normal part of most marriages. c. ​usually has no negative effects on children. d. ​often has positive effects on a child's development.

a. ​can make a child feel that the family is unstable

Glenna hangs around two other friends who are the same sex and have similar attitudes and interests. This group of friends would most accurately be described as a a. ​clique. b. ​group. c. ​crowd. d. ​gang.

a. ​clique.

Pride, embarrassment, and guilt are all examples of​ a. ​complex emotions. b. ​insecure attachment. c. ​basic emotions. d. ​constricting actions.

a. ​complex emotions.

As an information-processing theorist, Dr. Tonic is most likely to conceptualize human cognitive development as a(n) a. ​computer that develops a larger "hard drive memory" and a "faster central processing unit." b. ​butterfly that evolves from one qualitative level of processing to the next. c. ​iceberg in which little processing can be seen, but a great deal is occurring at the unconscious level. d. ​mechanical calculator, unaffected by biological factors.

a. ​computer that develops a larger "hard drive memory" and a "faster central processing unit."

​When reading the sentence, "Elmer was hunting rabbits in the forest," the fact that a young reader is able to retrieve the word "rabbit" faster because a rabbit is a huntable animal speaks directly to the important role that ____ plays in reading. a. ​context b. ​elaboration c. ​phonetics d. ​metamemory

a. ​context

​Jackson's statement, "My moral compass is based on the simple premise that one must always adhere to social norms" indicates that he is operating at the ____ level of moral reasoning. a. ​conventional b. ​unconventional c. ​preconventional d. ​postconventional

a. ​conventional

Intelligence is to creativity as a. ​correct thinking is to divergent thinking. b. spatial intelligence is to musical intelligence.​ c. universe is to stars.​ d. componential is to contextual.​

a. ​correct thinking is to divergent thinking.

​Someone who knows the answers to all the questions on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire would be exhibiting a. ​crystallized intelligence. b. ​fluid intelligence. c. ​reflective judgment. d. ​postformal thought.

a. ​crystallized intelligence.

In the ____ stage of identity status, an individual is overwhelmed yet does little to accomplish the task of identity formation. a. ​diffusion b. ​moratorium c. ​foreclosure d. ​achievement

a. ​diffusion

​The desire to live life more fully by experiencing physical and emotionally threatening situations is known as a. ​edgework. b. ​a rite of passage. c. ​multidimensionality. d. ​plasticity.

a. ​edgework.

​Piaget used the term ____ to describe the difficulty children often have in taking another person's perspective. a. ​egocentrism b. ​animism c. ​scaffolding d. ​a tertiary circular reaction

a. ​egocentrism

​Life-course persistent antisocial acts a. ​emerge early in life and continue throughout development. b. ​emerge early in life and fade in later life. c. ​emerge in midlife and fade in later life. d. ​emerge in midlife and continue throughout development.

a. ​emerge early in life and continue throughout development.

Dr. Ginesberg's lecture on attachment concludes that babies express behavior that makes it more likely they will form attachments to adults because, in the past, infants that expressed these behaviors were the infants who survived. Dr. Ginesberg is presenting a(n) ____ approach to attachment.​ a. ​evolutionary b. ​anthropological c. ​psychological d. ​sociocultural

a. ​evolutionary

​When Kann et al. (1995) asked ninth- and twelfth-graders about their exercise habits, they found that a. ​exercise rates for both boys and girls declined between ninth and twelfth grade. b. ​exercise rates for both boys and girls increased between ninth and twelfth grade. c. ​exercise rates for boys increased between ninth and twelfth grade while the rates for girls decreased. d. ​exercise rates for girls increased between ninth and twelfth grade while the rates for boys decreased.

a. ​exercise rates for both boys and girls declined between ninth and twelfth grade.

​The best predictor of a large vocabulary in a young child is a. ​exposure to a high-quality language environment. b. ​parental IQ level. c. ​the quality of a child's motor skills. d. ​preschool attendance.

a. ​exposure to a high-quality language environment

​Children's judgments of the emotions depicted in photographs may be less accurate than they would be in real life because the photographs are ______________. a. ​faces that are not moving. b. ​out dated. c. ​animal faces. d. ​black and white.

a. ​faces that are not moving.

The uniting of the egg and sperm (conception) typically takes place in the a. ​fallopian tube. b. ​testes. c. ​uterus. d. ovary.

a. ​fallopian tube.

A knowledgeable nutritionist would tell a pregnant mother that in order to reduce the risk of having a baby born with spina bifida, mom needs to make sure that she is ingesting an adequate amount of a. ​folic acid. b. ​vitamin E. c. ​iron. d. vitamin A.

a. ​folic acid.

​The statement, "Nothing in life can be known for certain" is most likely to be uttered by someone at the ____ stage of reflective judgment. a. ​halfway b. ​last c. ​second d. ​initial

a. ​halfway

Laura is 14 years old, and is extremely upset about the fact that someone made fun of her in class. Laura is most likely to seek support from​ a. ​her close friends. b. ​her teacher c. ​her mother. d. ​her father.

a. ​her close friends.

According to the principle of guided participation, cognitive growth results from a. ​interactions with a more skilled individual. b. ​application of operant conditioning principles. c. ​biological maturation. d. ​independent learning.

a. ​interactions with a more skilled individual.

​Costanzia has a firm sense of her childhood, who she is as a person today, and how she will live her life in the future. This constitutes Costanza's a. ​life-span construct. b. ​scenario. c. possible selves.​ d. ​fluid intelligence.

a. ​life-span construct.

Altruistic acts in children tend to occur when the cost of the act is​ a. ​low. b. ​high. c. ​expected to be immediately recouped. d. ​not known in advance.

a. ​low

​Tina is a girl who has congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). This means that it is more likely that Tina will prefer ____ more than other girls. a. ​masculine activities b. ​attaching to her mother c. ​playing with dolls d. ​playing with girls

a. ​masculine activities

Fifteen-year-old Otis's parents are social drinkers who often stop at a bar after work. Research suggests that Otis is a. ​more likely to start drinking than his friend whose parents do not drink. b. ​likely to become an alcoholic. c. ​unlikely to begin drinking (teens tend to avoid mimicking parents). d. ​unlikely to be influenced by his parents' behavior.

a. ​more likely to start drinking than his friend whose parents do not drink.

Monozygotic is to dizygotic as a. ​one egg is to two eggs. b. ​heterozygous is to homozygous. c. ​dominant is to recessive. d. ​one mother is to two mothers.

a. ​one egg is to two eggs.

An increase in heart rate is a ____ manifestation of an emotion.​ a. ​physiological b. ​subjective c. ​behavioral d. ​sociocultural

a. ​physiological

​Linguistic intonation is best described as a variation in sound a. ​pitch. b. ​length.​ c. ​comprehension. d. ​meaning.

a. ​pitch.

​A baseball coach tells a pitcher, "With a little training, I think that you could learn to throw a knuckleball." This provides a good example of a belief in the ____ of an ability. a. ​plasticity b. ​multidimensionality c. ​multidirectionality d. ​fluid nature

a. ​plasticity

Waldo loves to play hide-and-seek. While he is capable of generating a good list of places to hide and he often comes up with novel hiding spots, the truth of the matter is that none of his spots are ever that good, and he is always found almost immediately. This indicates that on this task, Waldo would rate poorly in ____ ability. a. ​practical b. ​analytical c. ​familial d. creative​

a. ​practical

​During a power outage, Blair does not want to finish eating her vanilla ice cream because, as she put it, "When the lights went out, the ice cream turned black, and I don't like black ice cream!" Blair is in the ____ stage of development. a. ​preoperational b. ​sensorimotor c. ​concrete operational d. ​formal operational

a. ​preoperational

​Phonological processing involves the conversion of a. ​printed letters into sound. b. memories into words.​ c. ​numbers into letters. d. spoken sound into memories.

a. ​printed letters into sound.

​Adults tend to be able to hear ____ sounds better than infants. a. ​quiet b. ​all c. ​human speech range d. ​loud

a. ​quiet

​A rite of passage is best classified as a(n) a. ​ritual. b. ​biological event. c. ​implicit stereotype. d. ​reflective judgment.

a. ​ritual.

​During puberty, changes in physical maturity that are not directly linked to reproduction are referred to as ____ sex characteristics. a. ​secondary b. ​instrumental c. ​tertiary d. ​primary

a. ​secondary

As dizygotic twins, Jewel and Bjork a. ​share about half of their genes. b. share all phenotypes. c. ​must have come from the same fertilized egg. d. ​are genetically identical.

a. ​share about half of their genes.

​About one in ____ adolescent American girls becomes pregnant each year. a. ​six b. ​five c. ​four d. ​three

a. ​six

With regard to social roles, female activities are typically more​ a. ​solitary. b. ​demanding. c. ​strenuous. d. ​outside the home

a. ​solitary

Just after the birth of her son Nelly, mom Kelly is informed that little Nelly's neural tube did not properly close during his prenatal development. This would mean that Nelly will be diagnosed with​ a. ​spina bifida. b. ​muscular dystrophy. c. ​cerebral palsy. d. ​sickle-cell anemia.

a. ​spina bifida.

Results from the Family Lifestyles Project indicate that children raised by counterculture parents are different from children raised by parents with more traditional values in that a. ​they have few stereotypes regarding occupations. b. the girls enjoy reading and drawing.​ c. they play with same-sex peers.​ d. the boys enjoy physical play.

a. ​they have few stereotypes regarding occupations.

The phrase "good girl and good boy" is best associated with Kohlberg's ____ stage of moral thinking. a. ​third b. ​first c. ​second d. ​fourth

a. ​third

When Esther misbehaves, her mother makes her go sit by herself in a small, quiet, unstimulating area of the house. Esther's mother is probably using​ a. ​time-out. b. ​socialization. c. ​an indifferent parenting style. d. ​direct instruction

a. ​time-out.

​In a typically developing adolescent experiencing puberty, you would expect that his or her ____ would be the last body area to grow. a. ​trunk b. ​feet c. ​head d. ​legs

a. ​trunk

A friendship is both a. ​voluntary and mutual. b. ​mandatory and mutual. c. ​voluntary and independent. d. ​mandatory and independent

a. ​voluntary and mutual.

What is the causal relationship between food additives, sugar consumption, and ADHD? a. Only food additives have been shown to be a major cause of ADHD.​ b. Neither are major causes of ADHD.​ c. Only sugar consumption has been shown to be a major cause of ADHD.​ d. Both have been shown to be major causes of ADHD.

b. Neither are major causes of ADHD.​

Which action best exemplifies an impulsive child? a. Fidgeting in his chair while eating​ b. Shouting out an answer when he is supposed to raise his hand before answering​ c. ​Not concentrating on his homework d. The inability to read a simple book despite significant intervention​

b. Shouting out an answer when he is supposed to raise his hand before answering​

​Transmitter is to receiver as a. ​dendrite is to axon. b. axon is to dendrite. c. cell body is to axon. d. ​dendrite is to cell body.

b. axon is to dendrite.

Genes provide the cell with a specific set of ____ instructions. a. ​in vitro b. biochemical c. ​hormonal d. ​bioelectric

b. biochemical

​In recent years, the definition of "gifted" has a. ​broadened to include all IQ tests. b. broadened to include areas like dance and music.​ c. narrowed to include only those in the top 5 percent of their graduating class.​ d. narrowed to include only scores from the Stanford-Binet test.​

b. broadened to include areas like dance and music

​Binet and Simon originally developed the concept of "mental age" as a criterion for helping them distinguish a. ​children with high IQs from children with low IQs. b. children who would be able to learn in school from those who needed special instruction.​ c. economically disadvantaged children from the "select few" who previously attended school.​ d. white children from black children

b. children who would be able to learn in school from those who needed special instruction.​

​Alberto believes he can successfully ski down a steep mountain. Bandura would be most likely to say that Alberto has a. ​reached formal operations. b. high self-efficacy. c. ​been negatively reinforced. d. ​resolved the industry versus inferiority stage.

b. high self-efficacy.

​What is an example of a grammatical morpheme? a. ​"Fisherman" b. ​"-ing" c. ​"Fishing" d. ​"Fish"

b. ​"-ing"

​Which statement by 25-year-old Flossie, who is typical for a person of her age, is most likely false? a. ​"I am as strong as I will ever be." b. ​"I am a lot less coordinated than I used to be." c. ​"My hearing is not quite as good as it used to be." d. ​"My height has likely reached its peak."

b. ​"I am a lot less coordinated than I used to be."

​Carrie exhibits anorexia nervosa. When she looks in a mirror, she is most likely thinking, a. ​"I'm going to have to start eating a little more!" b. ​"I'm so fat!" c. ​"I'm really starting to get thin!" d. ​"I'm beautiful compared to those ugly women on television!

b. ​"I'm so fat!"

​Preoperational thinker Blake has edged his way close to the top rim of the Grand Canyon. His mother then asks him, "What do you think someone at the bottom of the canyon looking up would see?" Given the egocentric nature of his thought, Blake's most likely response would be a. ​"I have no idea." b. ​"the same thing I see." c. ​"a bunch of little people looking down at me." d. ​"the sky."

b. ​"the same thing I see."

​If Winchester weighs 100 kilograms (220 pounds) and is 2 meters tall (6 feet 5 inches), his BMI would be a. ​200. b. ​25. c. ​50. d. ​400.

b. ​25.

If obesity is dominant and designated as "O" and thinness is recessive and designated as "t," how many of the following individuals would likely be obese: Ginger who is "OO," Mary Ann who is "Ot," Thurston who is "tO," and Gilligan who is "tt"? a. ​2 b. ​3 c. ​1 d. ​4

b. ​3

​By definition, premature infants are born prior to ____ weeks after conception. a. ​38 b. ​36 c. ​40 d. ​42

b. ​36

​Prior to birth, all ____ layers of the major brain are formed. a. ​6,000 b. ​6 c. ​60 d. ​600

b. ​6

​Maria is a typical, healthy one-year-old who weighs 24 pounds. Which is the best estimate of her birth weight? a. ​4 pounds b. ​8 pounds c. ​16 pounds d. ​12 pounds

b. ​8 pounds

What combination would result in a boy?​ a. ​A 23rd pair of chromosomes with two Xs b. ​A 23rd pair of chromosomes with one X and one Y c. ​A 17th pair of chromosomes with one X and one Y d. ​A 17th pair of chromosomes with two Xs

b. ​A 23rd pair of chromosomes with one X and one Y

​Which best describes the main finding of a study in which pregnant mothers read the story The Cat in the Hat? a. Prior to birth, the fetus begins to mimic the sounds its mother makes. b. ​After birth, infants appeared to recognize the rhythm at which their mother has read a story. c. ​After birth, infants who had been read to begin to speak at an earlier age than a control group who has not been read to. d. ​After birth, infants showed no reaction when they once again heard a story that had been read by their mother before they were born.

b. ​After birth, infants appeared to recognize the rhythm at which their mother has read a story.

Although the sound is unfamiliar, when six-month-old Cagney sees the flashing lights on the police car, she keeps her eyes locked on the lights. She also begins to show a decrease in heart rate. Which concept best explains Cagney's reaction? a. ​Habituation b. ​An orienting response c.​ The stable-order principle d. ​Operant conditioning

b. ​An orienting response

​Whose cancer was most likely related to smoking? a. ​Nora's, who has cancer of the cervix b. ​Barbara's, who has lung cancer c. ​Daniel's, who has brain cancer d. ​Tim's, who has cancer of the pancreas

b. ​Barbara's, who has lung cancer

Which child does Piaget's theory have the most difficulty explaining? a. ​Ivy, who has mastered the conservation and three-mountain tasks b. ​Daisy, who has mastered the conservation task but fails the three-mountain task c. ​Flora, who not only has mastered the conservation and three-mountain tasks but can explain the intricacies of these tasks to others d. ​Rose, who fails both the conservation and three-mountain tasks

b. ​Daisy, who has mastered the conservation task but fails the three-mountain task

When two-year-old Paco is visiting his grandpa's farm, he sees his first chicken. His grandpa points to the funny red growth on the chicken's head and says, "It is called a comb." What will Paco's most likely reaction be the next time he sees a chicken? a. ​He will refer to the crest on the bird's head as a "comb." b. ​He will refer to the bird as a "comb." c. ​He will refer to all barnyard birds as "chickens." d. ​He will refer to the bird as a "chicken."

b. ​He will refer to the bird as a "comb."

​____ is characterized by progressive degeneration of the nervous system. a. ​Down syndrome b. ​Huntington's disease c. ​Sickle-cell disease d. ​Phenylketonuria

b. ​Huntington's disease

Which statement concerning the sickle-cell trait is true? a. ​Individuals with the trait tend to have the most severe form of the disease. b. ​Individuals with the trait have both a dominant and recessive allele for the disorder. c. ​Individuals with the trait are genetically predisposed to the disorder but cannot display any symptoms. d. ​Individuals with the trait have the dominant phenotype but possess the recessive genotype.

b. ​Individuals with the trait have both a dominant and recessive allele for the disorder.

​Which best describes the early menstrual cycles of a typical teenage female? a. ​Irregular and with ovulation b. ​Irregular and without ovulation c. ​Regular and without ovulation d. ​Regular and with ovulation

b. ​Irregular and without ovulation

What statement about time-out is true?​ a. ​It is a reinforcement technique. b. ​It bypasses many of the pitfalls of punishment. c. ​It produces disinhibition. d. ​It is based on modeling.

b. ​It bypasses many of the pitfalls of punishment.

​How is the consumption of alcohol related to the promotion of health? a. ​Heavy drinkers have the greatest benefits. b. ​Light drinkers have the greatest benefits. c. ​Alcohol consumption has not been related to any health benefits. d. ​Abstainers have the greatest benefits.

b. ​Light drinkers have the greatest benefits.

Which child is best described as an "average child"? a. ​Georgi, who is well liked by most of her classmates b. ​Natalya, who has some classmates that like her somewhat and others that dislike her somewhat c. ​Donald, who is disliked by most all of his classmates d. ​Yuri, who is ignored by his classmates

b. ​Natalya, who has some classmates that like her somewhat and others that dislike her somewhat

Elita is feeling guilty about sending her 18-month-old off to daycare. Assuming Elita is sending her daughter to a quality daycare center, should she be worried?​ a. No, because daycare makes children more cooperative. b. ​No, as long as Elita provides "good mothering" when she's with the child at home. c. ​Yes. Children younger than two who are in daycare experience far more negative effects than positive effects. d. ​Yes, but only because her child is female

b. ​No, as long as Elita provides "good mothering" when she's with the child at home.

​Donnie slips his little finger into the hand of his newborn infant, who immediately grasps onto it. The infant is exhibiting the ____ reflex. a. ​stepping b. ​Palmar c. ​rooting d. ​Moro

b. ​Palmar

​José, who was adopted at birth, is found to have personality characteristics more similar to his biological mom than to his adoptive mom. How should you interpret this data? a. Personality characteristics appear to be recessive. b. ​Personality characteristics are influenced by genes. c. ​Personality appears to be a polygenetic characteristic. d. ​Personality characteristics are learned.

b. ​Personality characteristics are influenced by genes.

​Statistically speaking, who has the lowest risk of teenage pregnancy? a. ​Molly, who is Hispanic American b. ​Polly, who is European American c. ​The risk for all is the same as ethnicity is unrelated to teen pregnancy rates. d. ​Holly, who is African American

b. ​Polly, who is European American

​____ is best defined as physical changes that mark the transition from childhood to young adulthood. a. ​Menopause b. ​Puberty c. ​Secondary circular reactions d. ​Primary circular reactions

b. ​Puberty

QUESTION 1 ​What is the best example of overregularization? a. ​Saying "houses" instead of "homes" b. ​Saying "runned" instead of "ran" c. ​Saying "horse" instead of "hose" d. ​Saying "flunked" instead of "failed"

b. ​Saying "runned" instead of "ran"

Children who watch more ____ on TV seem better prepared to enter school than preschoolers who watch less frequently. a. ​news b. ​Sesame Street c. ​cartoons d. ​commercials

b. ​Sesame Street

​If you believed in the concept of the zone of proximal development, what advice should you give to a child who is attempting to learn how to throw a ball? a. ​Tell the child how easy the task is (even if it is hard). b. ​Tell the child to ask a friend who knows how to throw well to help him or her out. c. ​You would say nothing, as advice will simply confuse the child. d. ​Tell the child to do it by him- or herself.

b. ​Tell the child to ask a friend who knows how to throw well to help him or her out.

​Michael, who is a preoperational thinker, watches as a movie character appears to turn from a nice teenager into a werewolf. What is Michael's most likely reaction? a. ​Laughter, since he realizes that it is all a fake b. ​Terror, since he likely believes that the individual has actually become a werewolf c. ​Confidence, since he now realizes that despite the apparent physical change, it is still the same nice individual d. ​Nothing, since he would likely not notice the change

b. ​Terror, since he likely believes that the individual has actually become a werewolf

​Siroun is informed that both of her one-year-old twin daughters are of "normal" weight. She is then informed that one weighs 16 pounds and the other weighs 26 pounds. How is this possible? a. ​The daughters were likely misweighed. b. ​The "normal" weight range of one-year-olds is very wide. c. ​The initial "normal" information was incorrect. d. One of the twins likely has Down syndrome

b. ​The "normal" weight range of one-year-olds is very wide.

​From whom would you expect the biggest gains in height and weight over the next three years? a. ​Ginger, who is 2 years old b. ​Tina, who is 11 years old c. ​Grant, who is 6 years old d. ​Louise, who is 14 years old

b. ​Tina, who is 11 years old

Ian's mother tells him to stop watching TV and do his homework. Ian then begins to whine about wanting to watch more TV to the point that his mother gives in and lets him watch more TV as long as he stops whining. Consequently, Ian's whining behavior increases in frequency. This sequence is best described as​ a. ​direct instruction. b. ​a negative reinforcement trap. c. counterimitation. d. ​punishment.

b. ​a negative reinforcement trap.

​Omar is thinking about a time to come when he will be married and have a family. This is an example of a. ​a life story. b. ​a scenario. c. ​reflective judgment. d. ​an implicit stereotype.

b. ​a scenario.

Which identity status occurs after an individual has explored several options and has made a deliberate decision? a. ​foreclosure b. ​achievement c. ​moratorium d. ​diffusion

b. ​achievement

Crystallized intelligence is a. ​best assessed on timed, standardized IQ tests. b. ​acquired across one's life. c. ​not very useful in solving real-life tasks. d. ​best exemplified by sensory integration.

b. ​acquired across one's life.

The placenta a. ​directly connects the blood stream of the embryo to the blood stream of the mother. b. ​allows for an exchange of nutrients and waste. c. ​helps the fetus to maintain a constant temperature. d. ​contains amniotic fluid.

b. ​allows for an exchange of nutrients and waste.

​Research on differences between the moral reasoning of males and females has shown that a. there are significant differences between the moral reasoning of men and women. b. ​although there are small differences between men and women in some areas, the overall moral reasoning of males and females is very similar. c. ​no differences in moral reasoning have been identified between the sexes. d. ​significant sex differences are found in cultures that emphasize justice but not in those that emphasize care.

b. ​although there are small differences between men and women in some areas, the overall moral reasoning of males and females is very similar.

​Piaget used the term ____ to describe the process by which new experiences are easily incorporated into existing schemes. a. ​scaffolding b. ​assimilation c. ​accommodation d. ​secondary

b. ​assimilation

On average, boys are ____ than girls.​ a. ​less aggressive b. ​better at spatial tasks c. ​more readily influenced by others d. ​better able to express emotions

b. ​better at spatial tasks

​Newborns a. ​can perceive color as well as adults. b. ​can perceive few colors. c. ​are incapable of perceiving color. d. ​can perceive more colors than most adults.

b. ​can perceive few colors.

Social system morality is the focus of one of the stages of Kohlberg's ____ level of moral reasoning. a. ​postconventional b. ​conventional c. unconventional d. ​preconventional

b. ​conventional

​The value of a(n) ____can range from -1.0 to 1.0. a. ​independent variable b. ​correlation coefficient c. ​sample d. ​dependent variable

b. ​correlation coefficient

​Each neuron contains many ____ but only one ____. a. ​cell bodies; dendrite b. ​dendrites; cell body c. ​terminal buttons; dendrite d. ​dendrites; terminal button

b. ​dendrites; cell body

​A visual cliff is designed to assess a. ​cone development. b. ​depth perception. c. gross-motor skills. d. ​rapid eye movement.

b. ​depth perception.

Overweight teens are most at risk for developing ____ later in life. a. ​sickle-cell disease b. ​diabetes c. ​osteoporosis d. ​Huntington's disease

b. ​diabetes

​The concept that genotypes are not the only things that control traits involves the fact that a. ​dizygotic twins are virtually genetically identical. b. ​each genotype can produce a variety of phenotypes. c. the environment has little impact on behavior. d. ​recessive genes are more commonly expressed than dominant genes.

b. ​each genotype can produce a variety of phenotypes

​Socioeconomic status and ____ are the two most important social influences on health. a. ​religious status b. ​education c. ​marital status d. ​occupation

b. ​education

According to McAdams, a person's life story is a. ​set in a single direction and influenced by culture. b. ​fashioned, refashioned, and influenced by culture. c. ​set in a single direction and uninfluenced by culture. d. ​fashioned, refashioned, and uninfluenced by culture

b. ​fashioned, refashioned, and influenced by culture.

​The period of the zygote begins with a. ​ejaculation. b. ​fertilization. c. ​implantation. d. ovulation.

b. ​fertilization.

Moral reasoning based on social contracts is best identified with Kohlberg's ____ stage of moral reasoning. a. ​fourth b. ​fifth c. ​third d. ​sixth

b. ​fifth

When Seuss is asked what she wants to do with her life, she says, "My parents really want me to be an author, so I'm going to be an author." In doing so, Seuss is exhibiting which type of identity status, according to Marcia? a. ​diffusion b. ​foreclosure c. ​moratorium d. ​achievement

b. ​foreclosure

​The maturation of the ____ lobe during adolescence is related to improvements in inhibiting of behaviors. a. ​occipital b. ​frontal c. ​parietal d. ​tempora

b. ​frontal

David is a five-year-old who knows that he is a boy, and that he is a boy whether he's playing with his toys or his sister's toys. This indicates that David has developed​ a. ​cooperative play. b. ​gender stability. c. ​prosocial behavior. d. ​social roles.

b. ​gender stability.

As there is a history of hereditary disease in the families of Archie and Veronica, they have arranged a meeting with a specialist at which a family tree concerning the odds of them having a child with a birth defect will be constructed. This event would most accurately be described as a. ​chorionic villus sampling. b. ​genetic counseling. c. ​teratogenic. d. amniocentesis.

b. ​genetic counseling

​In ____ reasoning, adolescents recognize the hazards in making generalizations from extremely small samples. a. ​logical b. ​scientific c. ​formal operations d. ​heuristic

b. ​scientific

​Johanna swaddles her baby in a blanket, puts her in a car seat, and drives around the block for 30 minutes. Johanna is probably trying to a. ​stimulate the intellectual skills of her baby. b. ​get her baby to stop crying. c. ​prevent alert inactivity. d. ​prevent waking activity.

b. ​get her baby to stop crying.

You are a principal who is interviewing potential teachers for your school. Because your highest priority is student achievement, you should be most concerned that the teachers you hire a. ​earned high grades in college. b. ​have good classroom management skills. c. ​de-emphasize "hands-on" experience in the classroom. d. ​discourage the practice of peer tutoring.

b. ​have good classroom management skills

​Linda has one allele for curly hair and another for straight hair. Linda's alleles are a. dizygotic. b. ​heterozygous. c. ​homozygous. d. ​polyzygotic.

b. ​heterozygous.

As a "neglected" child, Juno should expect to be ____ by her peers.​ a. ​disliked b. ​ignored c. ​bullied d. ​feared

b. ​ignored

​Animism occurs when lifelike properties are attributed to a. ​cartoon characters like Bugs Bunny or Homer Simpson. b. ​inanimate objects. c. ​animals. d. ​humans.

b. ​inanimate objects.

​Genes and environments a. ​interact dynamically in childhood and independently in adulthood. b. ​interact dynamically throughout development. c. ​act independently in childhood and interact dynamically in adulthood. d. ​act independently throughout development.

b. ​interact dynamically throughout development.

​Role transitions always a. ​lead to significant increases in stress. b. ​involve the acquisition of new responsibilities. c. ​occur at the same age for individuals within a given cultural population. d. ​involve family relationships.

b. ​involve the acquisition of new responsibilities.

Playing violent video games while identifying with aggressive characters in the game ____ aggressive behavior. a. ​is inversely correlated with b. ​is positively correlated with c. ​reduces the incidence of d. ​is unrelated with

b. ​is positively correlated with

​Research suggests that the higher intelligence in young adulthood a. ​does not provide a health advantage over the course of one's life. b. ​is related to lower mortality in middle age. c. ​does not impact the organization of brain structures. d. ​is related to neuron pruning that significantly reduces mental flexibility.

b. ​is related to lower mortality in middle age.

​When Sheila uses motion to determine the depth of an object, she is using a ____ cue. a. ​visual expansion b. ​kinetic c. ​pictorial d. ​retinal disparity

b. ​kinetic

​Gina perceives the car to be far away because the sides of the road upon which it is moving seem to come together to be no wider than the car itself. This is an example of the ____ cue to depth. a. ​visual acuity b. ​linear perspective c. ​retinal disparity d. ​texture gradient

b. ​linear perspective

Adolescents develop ____ reasoning, which allows them to find weaknesses in arguments.​ a. ​inflative b. ​logical c. ​heuristic d. ​egocentric

b. ​logical

As a Piagetian, Faye would believe that a concrete operational child's ability to reverse thought is due to their acquisition of a. ​language. b. ​mental operations. c. self-efficacy. d. ​convergent thinking.

b. ​mental operations

Research indicates that sending a young child to a high-quality daycare has ____ effects on toddler's attachment to their mothers. a. ​devastating b. ​no c. ​slightly negative d. ​first adverse and then positive

b. ​no

​The definition of a "learning disability" always includes a. ​mild intellectual disability. b. ​normal intelligence. c. ​a sensory problem. d. ​attention deficit.

b. ​normal intelligence.

​U.S. teens' poor diet puts them at risk of ____ later in life. a. ​estrogen deficiency b. ​osteoporosis c. ​increased levels of iron d. ​increased hemoglobin levels

b. ​osteoporosis

According to Holland's ____ theory, the key factor in determining whether a job will be fulfilling are your personal characteristics. a. ​sociocultural b. ​personality-type c. ​cognitive-developmental d. ​Piagetian

b. ​personality-type

When George gets angry with his children, he cannot control his emotions and he often strikes them, causing bruises and even broken bones. George is guilty of ____ his children. a. ​psychologically abusing b. ​physically abusing c. ​neglecting d. ​sexually abusing

b. ​physically abusing

​Gabriella often thinks of herself as a mother and dreams of herself as an actress, but is afraid she'll end up suffering from alcoholism. These are examples of a. ​life-span constructs. b. ​possible selves. c. ​reflective judgments. d. stereotype threats.

b. ​possible selves.

When considering the issue of euthanasia, Wendell says, "I know that killing is wrong, but I believe that compassion is sometimes more important than the law." This statement suggests that Wendell is thinking at Kohlberg's ____ level. a. ​conventional b. ​postconventional c. ​unconventional d. ​preconventional

b. ​postconventional

​A child whose vocabulary is dominated by names of objects, actions, or persons is said to have a(n) ____ style. a. ​nonsymbolic b. ​referential c. ​overextended d. ​expressive

b. ​referential

When Adam walks into the dark basement, he feels afraid but is able to calm himself down by saying to himself, "Don't be afraid. There's nothing down here that can hurt you." Apparently, Adam is successfully​ a. ​expressing complex emotions. b. ​regulating his emotions. c. ​engaging in solitary play. d. ​utilizing social referencin

b. ​regulating his emotions.

Morticia finds that whenever she talks to her daughter about her obnoxious behavior, the obnoxious behavior increases in frequency. Apparently, Morticia's talks are ____ her daughter's obnoxious behavior. a. ​having no effect on b. ​reinforcing c. ​punishing d. ​suppressing

b. ​reinforcing

​Piaget used the three-mountain problem to assess a child's level of a. ​animism. b. ​object permanence. c. egocentrism. d. ​scaffolding.

c. egocentrism.

Prejudice is best described as a. hating yourself because of who you are.​ b. the ability to put yourself into the "shoes" of another person.​ c. a negative view of others based on their group membership.​ d. ​a limitation placed on a person because he or she belongs to some group.

c. a negative view of others based on their group membership.​

​People who quit smoking after smoking for a long time a. ​may not get worse, but their overall health will remain bad. b. ​show significant improvements in their health. c. ​will continue to deteriorate but at a slower rate. d. ​will remain at risk for heart attack but not for cancer.

b. ​show significant improvements in their health.

​If a person believes in "general intelligence," then he or she believes that a. whether people are smart depends on the situation, task, or problem.​ b. ​some people are smart, no matter the situation, task, or problem. c. intelligence cannot be assessed psychometrically.​ d. fourth-graders will be smarter than third-graders.​

b. ​some people are smart, no matter the situation, task, or problem

​Ginny is an architect who is excellent at picturing what an existing building would look like with certain modifications. This ability is probably most reflective of a high level of ____ intelligence. a. ​intrapersonal b. ​spatial c. ​personal d. bodily-kinesthetic​

b. ​spatial

​Primary mental ability is to secondary mental ability as a. ​child is to adult. b. ​specific is to general. c. ​crystallized intelligence is to fluid intelligence. d. conventional is to postconventional.

b. ​specific is to general.

What is the third leading cause of deaths in U.S. adolescents? a. ​cancer b. ​suicide c. ​car accidents d. ​homicide

b. ​suicide

Working memory is best described as being a. permanent and unlimited in capacity. b. ​temporary and limited in capacity. c. ​temporary and unlimited in capacity. d. permanent and limited in capacity.

b. ​temporary and limited in capacity.

​While viewing a picture of a three-week-old embryo, Dr. Pecoraro points to something and says, "This structure will soon become a tube from which the brain and spinal cord will develop." Dr. Pecoraro is pointing at a. ​an axon. b. ​the neural plate. c. ​the frontal cortex. d. ​the corpus callosum

b. ​the neural plate.

According to Kohlberg, a. ​moral reasoning is too complex to be accurately assessed. b. ​the reason underlying a moral decision is more important than the action taken. c. ​there is only one correct response to any moral dilemma. d. ​religious arguments concerning moral issues are the strongest.

b. ​the reason underlying a moral decision is more important than the action taken.

​A Cesarean section is best thought of as a. ​a technique for determining possible birth defects in an embryo. b. ​the surgical removal of a fetus. c. ​vaginal childbirth. d. ​a common form of teratogen

b. ​the surgical removal of a fetus.

Adolescents from lower socioeconomic classes are more likely to become delinquent because a. ​they are less intelligent. b. ​there are more criminal models available to lower-class youth. c. ​they are overinvested in their school performance. d. ​they are better able to exhibit self-control.

b. ​there are more criminal models available to lower-class youth.

When discussing the Heinz dilemma, Travis says, "I wouldn't steal the drug because I would not want anyone thinking of me as a thief." This type of logic best fits with Kohlberg's ____ stage of moral reasoning. a. ​second b. ​third c. ​fourth d. ​first

b. ​third

​Consider the following factors: doing well in school, having parents who discipline, and being liked by one's peers. How many contribute to an adolescent's level of self-esteem? a. ​one b. ​three c. ​none d. ​two

b. ​three

​If a baby is breast-fed, it is more likely to a. ​be constipated. b. ​transition to solid food more easily. c. ​be exposed to contaminants. d. ​be ill.

b. ​transition to solid food more easily.

What advice should you give to a parent who is trying to discourage prejudice in his or her child?​ a. "Let things alone, as attempts to reduce prejudice almost always result in increased prejudice"​ b. ​"Simply put your child in contact with individuals from other groups and let things occur on their own" c. "Have your child role-play being members of another group"​ d. "Work on strengthening your child's feelings toward his or her own group"​

c. "Have your child role-play being members of another group"

Which baby is most likely to be insecurely attached?​ a. ​Isabelle, whose parents play with her frequently b. ​Holly, whose parents often express happiness toward her c. Jessica, whose parents tend to not respond to her crying d. ​Maud, whose parents are very affectionate toward her

c. Jessica, whose parents tend to not respond to her crying

​Which statement best exemplifies the concept of secondary control? a. ​"You can buy your way out of any situation." b. ​"My friends help me when I need assistance." c. ​"When my job gets tough, I will succeed with effort." d. ​"Always look to professionals for help."

c. ​"When my job gets tough, I will succeed with effort."

​The youngest age at which most colleges label an individual as a returning adult student is ____. a. ​45 b. ​35 c. ​25 d. ​55

c. ​25

If obesity is dominant and designated as "O" and thinness is recessive and designated as "t," how many of the following individuals would likely be obese: Ginger who is "OO," Mary Ann who is "Ot," Thurston who is "tO," and Gilligan who is "tt"? a. ​1 b. ​4 c. ​3 d. ​2

c. ​3

What combination would result in a boy?​ a. ​A 17th pair of chromosomes with one X and one Y b. ​A 23rd pair of chromosomes with two Xs c. ​A 23rd pair of chromosomes with one X and one Y d. ​A 17th pair of chromosomes with two Xs

c. ​A 23rd pair of chromosomes with one X and one Y

Abby is 16, and Andy is 5. Both exhibit egocentrism. How is this egocentrism most likely to differ between them? a. ​Abby has reached achievement in most areas. b. ​Andy is more likely to exhibit the illusion of vulnerability. c. ​Abby knows that other people have different perspectives than her own. d. ​Andy is going to exhibit more self-interest.

c. ​Abby knows that other people have different perspectives than her own.

Which describes one of the major criticisms of Piaget's theory concerning formal operational thought? a. ​The belief that only males could think abstractly was sexist. b. Piaget argued that cognitive development continues to advance into old age, while research has found little change after age 20. c. ​Adolescents do not appear as cognitively competent as Piaget thought. d. ​Adolescent thinking is not as irrational as Piaget predicted.

c. ​Adolescents do not appear as cognitively competent as Piaget thought

What is BMI? a. ​A device used to assess binge drinking b. A measure of cholesterol in the blood​ c. ​An index related to total body fat d. ​A personality test

c. ​An index related to total body fat

Joe has lived all of his life in the United States, while Apu was raised in the Hindu faith in India. When presented with a dilemma concerning the morality of stealing,​ a. ​both Joe and Apu would likely make justice-based decisions. b. ​Joe would be much more likely to make a care-based decision. c. ​Apu would be much more likely to make a care-based decision. d. ​both Joe and Apu would likely make care-based decisions.

c. ​Apu would be much more likely to make a care-based decision

A doctor is attempting to determine how healthy you are. She uses a formula that contains information regarding your height and weight. What is she most likely measuring? a. ​HDL b. ​ADA c. ​BMI d. ​LDL

c. ​BMI

​Which is the best example of habituation? a. ​Focusing your eyes on one of those "3-D" art pictures until the 3-D image pops into view b. ​Turning your head to listen to a passing jet c. ​Being bothered by the feel of a watch the first time it is on your wrist and then getting so used to it that you forget it's there d. ​Tasting sushi for the first time and liking it

c. ​Being bothered by the feel of a watch the first time it is on your wrist and then getting so used to it that you forget it's there

​While visiting a zoo, five-month-old Simba is frightened by a roaring lion and starts to cry. By the time Simba is one year old, he appears to have forgotten this event and actually enjoys movies with lions. Based on memory research, how might you get Simba to exhibit the original fear response? a. ​Have one of his brothers roar like a lion. b. ​Show him a picture of a lion. c. ​Bring him back to the zoo. d. There is nothing you can do to generate the pervious reaction

c. ​Bring him back to the zoo.

​Shuntelle is interested in studying the relationship between self-esteem and school grades. She wants to be able to quantify this relationship but wants to avoid any ethical concerns regarding the manipulation of these variables. What sort of method is the best option for Shuntelle? a. ​Natural observation b. Experiment c. ​Correlational d. Physiological

c. ​Correlational

​At about the age of four, children begin to realize that a person's actions are often connected to the thoughts that he or she has. What kind of study is often used to determine when children grasp this concept? a. ​Dynamic systems theory studies b. Synaptic pruning studies c. ​False-belief studies d. ​Intersensory redundancy studies

c. ​False-belief studies

Who would Erikson predict to have the greatest sense of will?​ a. ​Tara, who has developed autonomy and experiences no shame or doubt b. ​Maeve, who has not developed autonomy c. ​Fiona, who has developed autonomy but experiences some shame and doubt d. ​Bridget, who has developed autonomy and doubt but experiences no shame

c. ​Fiona, who has developed autonomy but experiences some shame and doubt

Which is not a "primary mental ability?" a. ​Number b. ​Spatial orientation c. ​Fluid intelligence d. ​Inductive reasoning

c. ​Fluid intelligence

Lili has begun to play "teacher," "mommy," "doctor," and "pilot." Lili is probably in which of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development?​ a. ​Autonomy versus shame and doubt b. ​Basic trust versus mistrust c. ​Initiative versus guilt d. ​Intimacy versus isolation

c. ​Initiative versus guilt

Sinead is a one-year-old. Which behavior would you most likely see her display?​ a. ​Relational aggression b. ​Hostile aggression c. ​Instrumental aggression d. ​Prejudice

c. ​Instrumental aggression

Which best describes the relationship between biological, psychological, and sociocultural forces in human development? a. ​Independent b. Unimportant c. ​Interactive d. ​Non-normative

c. ​Interactive

​Both AIDS and genital herpes a. ​can be eliminated by maternal inoculation. b. ​typically result in blindness. c. ​can be passed along to an infant as it passes through the birth canal. d. ​cannot be transmitted to a fetus through the placenta.

c. ​can be passed along to an infant as it passes through the birth canal.

​Low-density lipoproteins a. ​clear fat deposits from arteries. b. ​create sickle-shaped blood cells. c. ​cause fatty deposits that can lead to blocked arteries. d. ​are found in high concentrations in many green vegetables.

c. ​cause fatty deposits that can lead to blocked arteries.

Which statement concerning math and culture is true? a. Japanese and Taiwanese parents more likely tend to believe that heredity (not hard work) leads to mathematic success. b. ​American parents tend to set higher academic achievement standards than Asian parents. c. ​Japanese and Taiwanese students spend significantly more time in school and have more homework than do children in the United States. d. ​American children score near the top on international tests assessing math.

c. ​Japanese and Taiwanese students spend significantly more time in school and have more homework than do children in the United States

​Who is most likely to suffer the most negative psychological consequences as a result of the timing of maturation? a. ​Marilyn, a late-maturing female b. ​Eddie, a late-maturing male c. ​Lilly, an early-maturing female d. ​Herman, an early-maturing male

c. ​Lilly, an early-maturing female

Michiko was insecurely attached as an infant. Which behavior is least likely to occur?​ a. ​Michiko does not display adequate social skills with her peers. b. ​Michiko has a difficult time resolving conflicts with others. c. ​Michiko is usually calm when interacting with other children. d. Michiko does not have as many friends as most children.

c. ​Michiko is usually calm when interacting with other children.

Which elementary-school-age child would likely have the highest level of self-esteem? a. ​As ethnicity does not impact self-esteem, all these children would have the same level of self-esteem. b. ​Ruby, who is African American c. ​Opal, who is European American d. ​Topaz, who is Hispanic American

c. ​Opal, who is European American

Simon spanks his son Paul in order to get him to stop acting aggressively. Which outcome is least likely in the long term?​ a. ​Paul will become more aggressive. b. ​Paul will not internalize the social rules concerning aggressive behavior. c. ​Paul will stop being aggressive. d. ​Paul will become fearful of Simon.

c. ​Paul will stop being aggressive.

Which normally developing child would be most likely to have just begun to experience the emotion of anger?​ a. ​Carson, who is 5 years old b. ​Brett, who is 5 days old c. ​Payton, who is 5 months old d. ​Tom, who is 15 months old

c. ​Payton, who is 5 months old

​At what point in an average woman's life would her crystallized intelligence scores be most significantly greater than her fluid intelligence scores? a. ​Puberty (around age 13) b. Birth​ c. ​Retirement (around age 63) d. ​Menopause (around age 43

c. ​Retirement (around age 63)

Jaunita is a typical six-month-old. How is she most likely to regulate her emotions if she sees a scary object?​ a. ​She will make a sad face. b. ​She will stare back and try to frighten the object away. c. ​She will look away from the object. d. ​She will make no attempt to regulate her emotions.

c. ​She will look away from the object.

Which characteristic is not an Apgar factor? a. Muscle tone b. Skin tone c. ​Size d. ​Breathing

c. ​Size

Solomon places a large cash amount into the hand of a street person. What would make this an act of altruism?​ a. ​Solomon has a habit of engaging in these types of activities. b. ​Solomon is given a bag of cans in return. c. ​Solomon does not expect any reciprocation for his act. d. ​Solomon feels pity for the person as he gives him the cash.

c. ​Solomon does not expect any reciprocation for his act.

Which statement concerning divorce is true? a. ​In recent years, the number of fathers being granted custody has decreased. b. ​Predivorce family conflict has little impact on development; it is what happens after the divorce that matters. c. ​The reduction of income in the post-divorce single parent family can have a negative impact on development. d. ​Children tend to fare best with opposite-sex custodial parents

c. ​The reduction of income in the post-divorce single parent family can have a negative impact on development.

According to Erikson, what is the foundation of human development?​ a. ​Autonomy b. ​Identity c. ​Trust in self and others d. ​Initiative

c. ​Trust in self and others

Carmela is struggling in the "autonomy versus shame and doubt" stage of psychosocial development. What aspect of her psychosocial development will result from her successful resolution of this conflict?​ a. ​Wariness b. ​Purpose c. ​Will d. ​Hope

c. ​Will

​Wilma is afraid of the pain involved in delivering her baby. Are childbirth classes likely to help her? a. No, because childbirth courses only make people more knowledgeable about the birthing process and can have no effect on pain. b. ​No, because individuals who know most about the birthing process experience the most pain. c. ​Yes, because women who take these courses report experiencing less pain than women who don't. d. ​Yes, because women who take these courses qualify for painkilling medications they would not usually receive.

c. ​Yes, because women who take these courses report experiencing less pain than women who don't.

​Mia likes to kick soccer balls. She has developed a mental structure for kicking that may be applied to different situations. This mental structure for kicking would best be described as a. ​egocentrism. b. ​an expressive style. c. ​a scheme. d. ​an intonation

c. ​a scheme.

​Trevor is visiting his dad's office on a take-your-son-to-work day. Just after they arrive, Trevor's dad's boss bursts into the room and screams at the dad about a poorly written report he submitted. All the time that he is being berated, Trevor's dad keeps smiling. Once the boss has left, Trevor turns to his dad and says, "You really must like it when your boss hollers at you." Trevor's lack of understanding that one's internal state may not match an external state is best explained by the concept of a. ​expressive style. b. ​egocentrism. c. ​appearance as reality. d. ​autobiographical memory.

c. ​appearance as reality.

​When six-month-old Gabby says "tatatata," she is a. ​cooing. b. ​engaging in private speech. c. ​babbling. d. ​using telegraphic speech

c. ​babbling.

Exceptional talent is the product of a. education.​ b. nature.​ c. ​both nature and nurture. d. nurture.​

c. ​both nature and nurture.

​Genotype is to phenotype as a. ​DNA is to RNA. b. ​nurture is to nature. c. ​chromosome pattern is to physical features. d. ​homozygous is to heterozygous.

c. ​chromosome pattern is to physical features.

Fugi watches her older sister getting yelled at after she throws an apple across the kitchen. Fugi is now less likely to throw an apple across the kitchen herself. This kind of learning through observation would be best described as​ a. ​time-out. b. ​direct instruction. c. ​counterimitation. d. ​a negative reinforcement trap

c. ​counterimitation.

​Male and female social roles are a. ​virtually identical. b. ​inherited. c. ​culturally defined. d. ​indistinguishable.

c. ​culturally defined

A child who is able to respond resourcefully in a new situation is said to have high levels of a. ​co-rumination. b. ​instrumental aggression. c. ​ego resilience. d. ​counterimitation.

c. ​ego resilience.

​Tina is given a huge salary increase, and now is able to get things for her children that they have always needed and also move into a nicer home. Bronfenbrenner would state that this increase in the mother's salary is an example of the impact of the children's a. ​microsystem. b. ​macrosystem. c. ​exosystem. d. mesosystem.

c. ​exosystem.

​Nathan suddenly lets out a high-pitched cry, lowers his eyebrows, and purses his lips. You would be safest in assuming that Nathan is a. ​cold. b. ​happy. c. ​experiencing pain. d. ​playing peek-a-boo.

c. ​experiencing pain.

Which STD is most prevalent in the United States? a. ​HIV b. ​gonorrhea c. ​genital herpes d. chlamydia

c. ​genital herpes

Because they have a permissive parenting style, you would predict that Alan and Sue's son would​ a. ​earn high grades in school. b. ​be self-reliant. c. ​have limited self-control. d. ​have control over his behavior.

c. ​have limited self-control.

Because Akosua is a typical nine-month-old, she is most likely to use a. ​her left hand. b. ​her feet rather than her hands. c. ​her right and left hands interchangeably. d. ​her right hand.

c. ​her right and left hands interchangeably.

A common reason for being a rejected child lies in his or her parent's​ a. ​high poverty status. b. ​over affection. c. ​inconsistent disciplinary style. d. ​poor intellect

c. ​inconsistent disciplinary style.

Autonomy is most synonymous with​ a. ​joy. b. ​guilt. c. ​independence. d. ​doubt.

c. ​independence.

​Mature thinkers tend to a. ​view rules as absolute. b. ​view personal experience as the most critical element in decision-making. c. ​integrate emotion and logic in decision-making. d. ​realize that tolerance and ambiguity have no place in decision-making.

c. ​integrate emotion and logic in decision-making

The belief that misfortunes only happen to others is referred to as the illusion of a. ​crystallization. b. ​helplessness. c. ​invulnerability. d. ​foreclosure.

c. ​invulnerability

Walt is a preschooler who has an imaginary friend mouse named Mickey. According to recent research, it is most likely that Walt​ a. ​has few "real" friends relative to other preschoolers. b. ​has not received enough dispositional praise. c. ​is a typical preschooler. d. ​is insecurely attached.

c. ​is a typical preschooler.

Theresa has just come to realize that in order to learn, she must focus her attention on her teacher, not her classmates. This indicates an advance in Theresa's ____ skills. a. ​scaffolding b. ​sensory memory c. ​metacognitive knowledge d. ​divergent thinking

c. ​metacognitive knowledge

Experts define a mad cry as a a. ​less intense version of a pain cry. b. ​more intense version of a pain cry. c. ​more intense version of a basic cry. d. ​less intense version of a basic cry.

c. ​more intense version of a basic cry.

​Kali has a theory of intelligence that views it as being a combination of several factors such as fine motor skills, cognitive ability, and emotional control. Kali's theory is a. ​a life-span construct. b. ​conventional. c. ​multidimensional. d. ​multidirectional.

c. ​multidimensional.

Menarche is to spermarche as ​ a. ​egg production is to sperm production. b. ​fertilization is to conception. c. ​onset of menstruation is to ejaculation. d. ​ovulation is to testes growth

c. ​onset of menstruation is to ejaculation

​A key physical component of puberty is the ____ gland, which regulates pubertal changes by signaling other glands to secrete hormones. a. ​pineal b. ​thyroid c. ​pituitary d. ​adrenal

c. ​pituitary

​Infants a. ​cannot experience pain. b. ​don't react to pain-inducing stimuli. c. ​produce a distinct "pain cry." d. ​are much more sensitive to pain than teenagers.

c. ​produce a distinct "pain cry."

​A ____ is best described as any unlearned response triggered by a specific form of stimulation. a. ​thought b. ​theory of mind c. ​reflex d. ​memory

c. ​reflex

​Piaget argued that the first reactions by newborns were a. ​indicators of an innate understanding of appearance as reality. b. ​abstract. c. ​reflexive. d. ​indicators of an innate understanding of object permanence.

c. ​reflexive

Anabolic steroids are most chemically similar to​ a. ​cocaine. b. ​estrogen. c. ​testosterone. d. ​Ritalin

c. ​testosterone.

How many of the following adolescents are experiencing a change in primary sex characteristics: Larry, who has acquired the ability to ejaculate; Curly, who is producing sperm; and Moe, who is experiencing growth of his scrotum? a. ​one b. ​none c. ​three d. ​two

c. ​three

​How many of the following are risk factors for teenagers developing either bulimia or anorexia: history of being a picky eater, negative self-image, history of dieting, frequently watching television shows with overweight characters? a. ​one b. ​four c. ​three d. ​two

c. ​three

Beginning readers tend to a. ​use the "retrieve word from memory" strategy first and the "sound it out" method second. b. ​only use the "retrieve the word directly from memory" method. c. ​use the "sound it out" strategy first and the "retrieve word from memory" method second. d. ​only use the "sound it out" method.

c. ​use the "sound it out" strategy first and the "retrieve word from memory" method second

The two main dimensions of parental behavior are a. ​dominance and counterimitation. b. ​control and dominance. c. ​warmth and control. d. ​counterimitation and warmth.

c. ​warmth and control.

​A heritability coefficient of ____ means about 50 percent of the difference between people on a specific characteristic is the result of heredity. a. ​50 b. ​5 c. ​500 d. .​5

d. .​5

​A typical teenage girl should consume approximately ____ calories each day. a. ​1,700 b. ​1,200 c. 2,700 d. 2,200

d. 2,200

What is not an element of a basic emotion?​ a. ​A subjective feeling b. ​An overt behavior c. ​A physiological change d. A thoughtful consideration

d. A thoughtful consideration

____ are key elements of effective metacognitive knowledge. a. Centration and animism​ b. Divergent thinking and a lack of object permanence​ c. ​Egocentrism and convergent thinking d. Goal selection and strategy monitoring​

d. Goal selection and strategy monitoring

​What is an example of intersensory redundancy? a. ​Noticing the shirt your mother is wearing while listening to a portable CD player b. ​Brushing your mother's hair while you talk to her c. ​Listening to several voices at the same time d. Observing your mother while listening to her talk

d. Observing your mother while listening to her talk

Which behavior is LEAST associated of a cognitive self-regulation process? a. Monitoring one's own learning strategies​ b. Identifying goals for studying for an upcoming math test​ c. ​Selecting effective strategies for learning spelling words d. Relying on the same strategies one used in third grade for a sixth grade social studies test​

d. Relying on the same strategies one used in third grade for a sixth grade social studies test​

Which child is most likely to be gifted?​ a. ​Julie, a two year old, who chooses the plate with the most cookies b. Piper, a ten year old, who is emotionally troubled​ c. Geri, a seven year old, who scores 100 on intelligence tests​ d. Sarah, a five year old, who is smart and loves to learn​

d. Sarah, a five year old, who is smart and loves to learn​

Within a typical human cell, which number is the greatest? a. ​The number of chromosomes b. ​The number of different types of nucleotide bases c. ​The number of autosomes d. The number of genes

d. The number of genes

​Dr. Gauche likes to make fun of student comments in class. She finds that every time she does this, students make fewer comments the rest of the class period. Apparently, Dr. Gauche's jokes are ____ the students for talking in class. a. ​negatively reinforcing b. ​imitating c. ​positively reinforcing d. punishing

d. punishing

The first memory strategy acquired by most children is a. verbal elaboration. b. ​use of abstraction. c. chunking. d. rehearsal.

d. rehearsal.

Seventeen-year-old Alice drinks alcohol to deal with all the things that are difficult in her life. Which approach is most likely to decrease her alcohol use? a. ​learning about alcohol use in school b. ​having her parents take parenting classes c. ​practicing strategies to resist peer pressure d. ​engaging in therapy to learn coping skills

d. ​engaging in therapy to learn coping skills

Which statement best exemplifies the second phase of ethnic identity achievement? a. ​"I feel a strong sense of Scottish heritage." b. ​"I don't need to listen to the tape on Scottish legends." c. ​"I don't want to be considered a Scottish American; I just want to be an American." d. ​"I wonder what kinds of events take place at a festival celebrating Scottish heritage."

d. ​"I wonder what kinds of events take place at a festival celebrating Scottish heritage."

Ashley is an anorexic girl who has lost significant weight yet refuses to seek any treatment. This is a potentially life-threatening decision, as about ____ percent of adolescentsin her situation die of symptoms related to the eating disorder. a. ​25 b. ​45 c. ​35 d. ​15

d. ​15

Dr. Winslow is doing a health survey of 200 young adults. If this group is typical of young adults in the United States, ____ of them will say they are in good to excellent health.​ a. ​106 b. ​164 c. ​132 d. ​188

d. ​188

​The average child has approximately ____ genes. a. ​25,000,000 b. ​25,000,000,000 c. ​25 d. ​25,000

d. ​25,000

Human DNA is composed of a total of ____ different nucleotide bases. a. ​23 b. ​30,000 c. ​444 d. ​4

d. ​4

Which best exemplifies a "blended family?" a. ​A family with two adopted children, where one child is Caucasian and the other is African American b. ​A family with two parents and one child, where one parent is Caucasian and the other is African American c. ​A family in which parents have joint custody of at least one child d. ​A family in which a divorced mom with a son marries a widowed dad with two daughters

d. ​A family in which a divorced mom with a son marries a widowed dad with two daughters

​Nicholas and Alexandra are typical American teenagers. How would their descriptions concerning their first sexual experience most likely differ? a. ​Nicholas would be more likely to feel guilty about his first sexual experience. b. ​Nicholas would be more likely to describe his first partner as someone that he loves. c. ​Alexandra would be more likely to view the experience in terms of recreation rather than romance. d. ​Alexandra's peers would be more likely to express some disapproval concerning her behavior

d. ​Alexandra's peers would be more likely to express some disapproval concerning her behavior

Which parenting style tends to be most common for American parents of lower socioeconomic status?​ a. ​Uninvolved b. ​Permissive c. ​Authoritative d. ​Authoritarian

d. ​Authoritarian

Which statement best describes parental influence on play?​ a. All coaching is beneficial. b. ​Good coaching is never that good. c. ​Avoiding coaching is the best option. d. ​Bad coaching is worse than no coaching at all.

d. ​Bad coaching is worse than no coaching at all

What effect is not associated with fetal alcohol syndrome? a. ​Misshapen face b. ​Retarded mental growth c. ​Slow growth d. ​Blindness

d. ​Blindness

​In what way is Cheyenne different from Ciara, her teenage daughter? a. ​Ciara is less likely to shoplift. b. ​Cheyenne is more likely to have unprotected sex. c. ​Ciara is more likely to comply with social norms. d. ​Cheyenne is less likely to speed while driving.

d. ​Cheyenne is less likely to speed while driving.

_____ occurs when a parent tells a child what to do, when to do it, and why it should be done.​ a. ​Infant-directed language b. ​Counterimitation c. ​Punishment d. ​Direct instruction

d. ​Direct instruction

Which type of attachment is characterized by confusion in the infant when the mother leaves and when she returns?​ a. ​Avoidant b. ​Secure c. ​Resistant d. ​Disorganized

d. ​Disorganized

Which is the best advice for parents wishing to socialize altruistic behavior in their child? a. ​Don't model altruism. b. ​Don't believe that parenting behavior can impact altruism. c. ​Don't provide opportunities to practice altruism. d. ​Don't force altruistic behavior by threat.

d. ​Don't force altruistic behavior by threat.

​Who is at the greatest risk of a heart attack? a. ​Tucker, who has low level of LDLs and high levels of HDLs b. ​Gump, who has high levels of both LDLs and HDLs c. ​Sawyer, who has low levels of both LDLs and HDLs d. ​Forrest, who has high levels of LDLs and low levels of HDLs

d. ​Forrest, who has high levels of LDLs and low levels of HDLs

​How would Erik Erikson respond to the statement, "A midlife crisis is a normal part of the human life cycle"? a. ​He would disagree and point out that there is no"normal" progression of human development. b. ​He would say nothing since he focused on development between birth and adolescence. c. ​He would disagree and point out that "crises" are not a normal part of human development. d. ​He would agree

d. ​He would agree

QUESTION 7 ​Which type of variable is manipulated by an experimenter? a. ​Confounding b. ​Dependent c. ​Extraneous d. ​Independent

d. ​Independent

When dealing with young infants, why is infant-directed speech preferred over normal adult speech? a. ​Infants like infant-directed speech because it lacks the confusing changes of pitch found in normal adult speech. b. ​Infants have an easier time producing infant-directed speech. c. ​Infants prefer the rapid pace of infant-directed speech. d. ​Infants pay more attention to infant-directed speech.

d. ​Infants pay more attention to infant-directed speech.

How does temperament contribute to attachment?​ a. ​Infants with easy going temperaments are more likely to form disorganized attachments. b. ​Infants with any type of temperament are equally likely to form secure attachments. c. ​Infants with moms who have rigid temperaments tend to form secure attachments. d. ​Infants with difficult temperaments are less likely to form secure attachments.

d. ​Infants with difficult temperaments are less likely to form secure attachments.

​Dr. Lewinski decides that she wants to perform a complete evaluation of the health of a newborn infant she has just delivered. Which of these is most likely to provide the most thorough assessment of the infant's health? a. ​Apgar score b. ​fMRI score c. ​EEG score d. ​NBAS

d. ​NBAS

Which statement best describes the impact of various factors (i.e. biomedical, social) on intellectual disability? a. ​Some factors affect intellect and other factors affect daily functioning. b. ​Certain factors guarantee an intellectual disability and others just contribute to its severity. c. ​These factors affect adults with intellectual disabilities differently than children with intellectual disabilities. d. ​No individual factor guarantees an intellectual disability

d. ​No individual factor guarantees an intellectual disability

A concrete operational thinker and a formal operational thinker are given the following logical statements: (1) If you drop a 20-pound bowling ball on your foot, it will tickle. (2) You drop a 20-pound bowling ball on your foot. What reaction would you expect? a. ​Both would conclude that "your foot would never tickle" after having a 20-pound bowling ball dropped on it. b. ​Only the concrete operational thinker would conclude that "your foot would tickle." c. ​Both would conclude that "your foot would tickle." d. ​Only the formal operational thinker would conclude that "your foot would tickle."

d. ​Only the formal operational thinker would conclude that "your foot would tickle."

​Based on a study that finds that self-esteem is negatively correlated with college grades, which person would you predict would have the highest grades? a. ​Michael, who has very high self-esteem b. Davey, who has average self-esteem c. ​Lisa, who refuses to answer the study questions d. ​Peter, who has very low self-esteem

d. ​Peter, who has very low self-esteem

​Brandon's developmental psychology teacher believes human development is best conceptualized as progressing discontinuously through several qualitatively different stages of thinking. His instructor is likely a(n) a. ​social learning theorist. b. ​ecological theorist. c. ​behaviorist. d. ​Piagetian.

d. ​Piagetian.

​Which parental action would be the most effective to discourage obesity in his or her children? a. ​Teach them the importance of avoiding meat b. ​Encourage them to lose weight quickly c. ​Downplay the taste of food d. ​Remind them to stop eating when they feel full

d. ​Remind them to stop eating when they feel full

​After playing by herself for a while, young Annika smiles when she sees the face of her father. What term best describes this response? a. ​Social referencing b. ​Cooperative play c. ​Parallel play d. ​Social smile

d. ​Social smile

In which country would individuality in children be most acceptable to parents?​ a. ​China b. ​Panama c. ​Taiwan d. ​The United States

d. ​The United States

Which event defines spermarche? a. ​The production of sperm b. ​The implantation of sperm into an egg c. The original meiosis of sperm d. ​The ejaculation of sperm

d. ​The ejaculation of sperm

Which prenatal assessment technique results in a picture of the fetus?​ a. ​Amniocentesis b. ​Genetic screening c. ​Chorionic villus sampling d. ​Ultrasound

d. ​Ultrasound

​Which item is least associated with the frontal cortex? a. ​Sadness b. ​Happiness c. ​Planning d. ​Vision

d. ​Vision

​Fluid intelligence consists of abilities that a. ​include verbal skills but not inductive or abstract thinking. b. ​are considered primary mental abilities but not secondary mental abilities. c. ​are acquired throughout the life span. d. ​allow for more flexible and adaptive thinking.

d. ​allow for more flexible and adaptive thinking.

According to Sternberg, ____ ability is most heavily focused on problem analysis.​ a. ​practical b. ​familial c. ​creative d. ​analytical

d. ​analytical

​Thirteen-month-old Hermes has begun to raise the pitch of his voice at the end of a babble. If Hermes is being raised by English-speaking parents, his behavior may reflect the precursor of his ability to a. ​produce infant-directed speech. b. ​make a declarative statement. c. ​coo. d. ​ask a question

d. ​ask a question

​Concerning weight, the abbreviation BMI stands for a. ​base metabolic indices. b. ​body metabolic indices. c. ​base mass index. d. ​body mass index.

d. ​body mass index.

​Research has shown that a. ​overprotective parenting is related to bulimia and anorexia. b. ​childhood obesity is related to bulimia and anorexia. c. ​overprotective parenting is related to bulimia but not anorexia. d. ​childhood obesity is related to adolescent bulimia but not anorexia.

d. ​childhood obesity is related to adolescent bulimia but not anorexia.

​Pavlov's research involving a dog, salivation, and a bell is correctly associated with ____ theory. a. ​Piagetian b. ​information-processing c. ​operant conditioning d. ​classical conditioning

d. ​classical conditioning

​The fact that friends spend a lot of time discussing personal problems is referred to as a. ​the negative reinforcement trap. b. ​dominancy hierarchy. c. ​ego-resilience. d. ​co-rumination.

d. ​co-rumination.

Dr. Dundee believes that he has discovered a new childhood emotion that is particular to certain native Australian cultures. If he is accurate, he has most likely discovered a new​ a. ​social smile. b. ​basic emotion. c. ​temperament. d. ​complex emotion.

d. ​complex emotion

Clyde is quite a character. He is very well liked by some people in his class but is very much disliked by some others. Clyde is a good example of a(n) ____ child.​ a. ​average b. ​popular c. ​rejected d. ​controversial

d. ​controversial

​Harvey is interested in doing a study to determine whether or not a statistically significant relationship exists between participating in college athletics and self-efficacy for academic work. Because Harvey is not particularly interested in determining a cause-and-effect relationship, he would be best advised to do a(n) ____study. a. ​experimental b. ​cross-sectional c. ​naturalistic observation d. ​correlational

d. ​correlational

During ____ information is always embellished. a. ​combinatorial reasoning b. ​rehearsal c. ​metacognition d. ​elaboration

d. ​elaboration

​Dr. Eco has a strong belief that global warming is a theoretical myth. In recent years, however, the increased rate of polar ice cap melt has forced him to alter his theory, and he is now a strong advocate against greenhouse pollutants. A Piagetian would most likely describe Dr. Eco's theoretical conversion in terms of a. ​abstract thinking. b. ​overextension. c. ​the one-to-one principle. d. ​equilibration.

d. ​equilibration.

​The belief that all living things have an unseen essence that gives them identity is referred to as a. ​the cardinality principle. b. ​animism. c. ​ordinality. d. ​essentialism.

d. ​essentialism.

​Preconventional moral reasoning is based on ____ forces. a. ​internal b. ​innate c. ​biological d. ​external

d. ​external

​IQ scores are a. poor predictors of school success and occupational success.​ b. good predictors of school success but bad predictors of occupational success.​ c. bad predictors of school success but good predictors of occupational success.​ d. ​good predictors of school success and occupational success.

d. ​good predictors of school success and occupational success.

A child who believes that he or she is good at science will most likely a. ​perform well at science. b. ​hold a positive academic self-concept toward all academic domains. c. ​have an extremely differentiated self-concept. d. ​have a positive academic self-concept concerning science.

d. ​have a positive academic self-concept concerning science.

​Kohlberg believed that moral reasoning was consistent. Research has revealed that moral reasoning is_____ a. ​universal across cultures. b. ​consistent​ c. ​consistent in adults but not children. d. ​inconsistent.

d. ​inconsistent.

​In the United States, the poorest health conditions are found in those living in a. ​the South. b. ​nursing homes. c. ​ethnic neighborhoods. d. ​inner-city neighborhoods.

d. ​inner-city neighborhoods.

Girls are more likely to be concerned about the faithfulness of their friends because their friendships are more likely based on​ a. ​common interests. b. ​socialization. c. ​helping each other. d. ​intimacy.

d. ​intimacy

Anjali's parents are divorced. Anjali spends weekends with his father and the rest of the week with his mother. In legal terms, this arrangement is an aspect of what is known as a. ​a blended family. b. ​an indifferent-uninvolved parenting style. c. ​direct instruction. d. ​joint custody.

d. ​joint custody.

​Dr. Proctor tells Uma that her developing embryo is showing distortions in the development of its circulatory system. As a knowledgeable student of human development, Uma should realize that the problem is within cells of the ____ layer. a. ​endoderm b. ​placenta c. ​ectoderm d. ​mesoderm

d. ​mesoderm

One of the most effective ways for Dottie to get her child to engage in altruistic behavior is for Dottie to​ a. ​do nothing and let the child's natural altruistic instinct take over. b. ​not dwell on or praise any spontaneous acts of altruism she observes in her child. c. ​avoid discipline. d. ​model the behavior herself.

d. ​model the behavior herself.

​Bridget is excellent at walking, running, climbing, and kicking balls. This would suggest that Bridget has good a. ​neuroplasticity. b. ​temperament. c. ​sociability. d. ​motor skills.

d. ​motor skills.

Anthea's parents include her in most family discussions. This has to increase the likelihood of Anthea being in the____ crowds.​ a. ​popular or jock b. ​normal or popular c. ​brainy or druggie d. ​normal or brainy

d. ​normal or brainy

The most effective pregnancy prevention programs focus a. ​exclusively on teaching about biological reproduction. b. ​exclusively on teaching about responsible sexual behavior. c. ​exclusively on abstinence. d. ​on abstinence, reproductive education, and sexual responsibility

d. ​on abstinence, reproductive education, and sexual responsibility

​Monozygotic is to dizygotic as a. ​dominant is to recessive. b. ​heterozygous is to homozygous. c. ​one mother is to two mothers. d. ​one egg is to two eggs.

d. ​one egg is to two eggs

​The Babinski reflex is evidence that infants a. ​experience pain. b. ​are able to hear low-pitched sounds. c. ​can smell. d. ​perceive touch

d. ​perceive touch

​Thurstone and Thurstone (1941) identified seven distinct abilities that they believed formed the basis of intelligence. One of these abilities was a. ​interpersonal intelligence. b. ​musical ability. c. ​"street smarts." d. ​perceptual speed.

d. ​perceptual speed.

As an average fifth-grader in the United States, Landon would most likely be described as a. ​physically unfit. b. ​underweight. c. ​overweight. d. ​physically fit.

d. ​physically fit.

Angelica is well liked by most of her classmates. She would be best described as a. ​average. b. ​neglected. c. ​controversial. d. ​popular.

d. ​popular.

​If Donna is a normal three-year-old, her definition of herself will consist largely of her a. ​feelings. b. ​beliefs. c. ​family. d. ​possessions.

d. ​possessions.

​Moral reasoning based on instrumental orientation tends to occur at the ____ level of moral thinking. a. ​postconventional b. ​conventional c. ​unconventional d. ​preconventional

d. ​preconventional

All acts of altruistic behavior are also​ a. ​social roles. b. ​examples of dispositional praise. c. ​basic emotions. d. ​prosocial behaviors.

d. ​prosocial behaviors.

Four-year-old Luticia pretends to be a doctor and has begun to realize that she needs to be responsible and cooperate with her parents. According to Erikson, this indicates that she is beginning to achieve a sense of​ a. ​will. b. ​trust. c. ​intimacy. d. ​purpose.

d. ​purpose.

When Satoru ponders the question, "How can light be both a wave and a particle?" he is engaging in a. ​a role transition. b. ​multidirectionality. c. ​a rite of passage. d. ​reflective judgment.

d. ​reflective judgment

​Winchester notices that every time he touches his newborn son's cheek, the infant turns his head and tries to suck. This behavior demonstrates the ____ reflex. a. ​withdrawal b. ​Moro c. ​Babinski d. ​rooting

d. ​rooting

Crowd is to clique as a. ​attitude is to behavior. b. friends are to rivals.​ c. ​black is to white. d. ​set is to subset.

d. ​set is to subset.

​Despite being raised in two very different environments, identical twins Tina and Gina receive a similar score on a shyness scale. These results suggest that correlation between genetics and shyness is a. ​large. b. ​polygenetic. c. ​inverse. d. ​small.

d. ​small.

One-year-old Kendra looks at her mother before entering a new room in a strange house. When her mother smiles, Kendra proceeds to enter the room. This is an example of​ a. ​a social smile. b. ​a complex emotion. c. ​stranger wariness. d. ​social referencing.

d. ​social referencing.

​Dr. Lund stages a fire drill at the elementary school in order to study how children respond to potential emergency situations. Dr. Lund's method would best be described as a(n) a. ​experiment. b. ​self-report. c. ​naturalistic observation. d. ​structured observation.

d. ​structured observation.

The fact that American-raised Hogan's exposure to the German language while in World War II impacted his brain organization is best explained by a. ​experience-expectant growth.. b. myelination. c. ​experience-dependent growth. d. ​synaptic pruning

d. ​synaptic pruning

A good teacher a. ​relies on handouts and not lecturing. b. will not repeat past material. c. ​does not push for "mastery" of subject matter. d. ​takes responsibility for what their students learn.

d. ​takes responsibility for what their students learn

​Rather than saying the kitten fell in the bathtub, young Morris says, "Kitty wet," which leaves Morris's mother to wonder about the nature of the liquid on or coming out of the cat. This linguistic limitation is known as a. ​referential style. b. ​fast-mapping. c. ​overextension. d. ​telegraphic speech.

d. ​telegraphic speech

​The biggest point of contention among theories who view intelligence as multidimensional concerns the debate over a. ​whether an individual's level of intelligence can be measured. b. ​which single aspect of intellect specifically defines intelligence. c. ​the degree to which race determines intelligence. d. ​the number of abilities that underlie intelligence.

d. ​the number of abilities that underlie intelligence.

​A life-span construct represents a a. ​fear that when people act in negative ways expected by others, they are doing a disservice to all members of their sex. b. ​multidimensional conceptualization of intelligence. c. ​personal timetable concerning when someone else should experience some event. d. ​unified sense of one's past, present, and future.

d. ​unified sense of one's past, present, and future.

​Dr. Simpson's students were rightfully upset when he used very accurate weight scales (assessing the poundage of each pupil) to determine their grades in a developmental psychology class. This is partially because his method of assessment lacked a. ​a sufficient sample size. b. ​the ability to identify practice effects. c. reliability. d. ​validity

d. ​validity

​Because her birth weight was 1200 grams (about 3 pounds), Kia would be correctly classified as having a(n) ____ birth weight. a. ​low b. ​extremely low c. ​normal d. ​very low

d. ​very low

Tara is a normally-developing eight-year-old. According to Piaget, over the next few years, Tara's egocentrism will likely a. increase significantly. b. ​disappear. c. increase gradually. d. ​wane gradually.

d. ​wane gradually.

​By definition, attention determines a. ​general intelligence. b. ​the belief in animism.​ c. ​the attainment of formal operational thought. d. ​which sensory information receives additional cognitive processing.

d. ​which sensory information receives additional cognitive processing.