Psychology 101 - What is Memory

Echoic memory

describes a type of sensory memory for auditory stimuli.

Overall, _________are stored for slightly longer periods of time than __________ (visual memories).

echoic memories, iconic memories

The sensory memory for sounds that people have just perceived is the form of _____.

echoic memory.

A basic theory of the organization of long-term memory is .

hierarchies

Encoding is defined as the

initial learning of information;

An example of iconic memories....

look at an object in the room you are in now, and then close your eyes and visualize that object. The image you "see" in your mind is your iconic memory of that visual stimuli.

storage refers to

maintaining information over time

Sensory memory

stands for the memory type with the shortest term of information retention. This means the human ability to restore the sensation of a stimulus after the exposure has been ended.

memory

the faculty of the mind by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved. is vital to experiences and related to limbic systems, it is the retention of information over time for the purpose of influencing future action.

There are three main types of sensory memory:

visual (iconic), auditory (echoic), and touch (haptic).

______ is the sensory memory register specific to auditory information (sounds).

Echoic memory

_____ is part of the visual memory system which also includes long-term memory and visual short-term memory.

Iconic memory

_______ lasts very briefly before quickly fading.

Sensory memories

_______ is a theoretical framework that refers to structures and processes used for temporarily storing and manipulating information.

Working memory

Haptic memory

a term describing the type of sensory memory that keeps the sensation on touch.

Iconic memory

a type of sensory memory that refers to the ability of recalling visual stimuli.

retrieval is the

ability to access information when you need it.

New information in _____ is temporary. It is either encoded into long-term memory or it decays or is replaced. Unless it is actively attended to or rehearsed, information in working memory has a short duration of around 10-15 seconds

working memory

___________is an ultra-short-term memory and decays or degrades very quickly, typically in the region of 200 - 500 milliseconds (1/5 - 1/2 second) after the perception of an item, and certainly less than a second (although echoic memory is now thought to last a little longer, up to perhaps three or four seconds).

Sensory memory

______is the thinking skill that focuses on memory-in-action: the ability to remember and use relevant information while in the middle of an activity. For example, a child is using their Working Memory as they recall the steps of a recipe while cooking a favorite meal.

Working Memory

The four main theories are:

hierarchies, semantic networks, schemas, connectionist network

An example of ________memory is when a person sees an object briefly before it disappears. Once the object is gone, it is still retained in the memory for a very short period of time. The two most studied types of sensory memory are iconic memory (visual) and echoic memory (sound).

sensory

Your ________ basic function is to transmit. It does not have to remember different cognitive functions, nor does it hold any information on its own.

sensory memory