Psychology 15
eclectic
A therapist who uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic methods is said to be using a(n) _____ approach.
operant conditioning procedures
A token economy incorporates _____ to modify behaviors by reinforcing desired behaviors with tokens that can be exchanged for rewards.
cognitive therapy
Aaron Beck's therapy teaches people new and more adaptive ways of thinking and acting. It is based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and one's emotional reactions, and is called:
transference
At his weekly therapy session, Elvis became agitated. He told his therapist that she was controlling, domineering, and trying to ruin his life with all of her mothering. His psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates _____.
transference
At his weekly therapy session, Henry became agitated. He told his therapist that she was controlling, domineering, and trying to ruin his life with all of her mothering. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates:
kindly
It is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy because former clients: generally speak _______ of their therapists.
control
Many physicians did not realize that bleeding was an ineffective treatment for typhoid fever until researchers made effective use of a(n) _____ group.
biomedical therapy
Medication is to psychological techniques as ______ is to psychotherapy.
psychotherapy, medication
Most mental health patients are now treated using: a combination of ____________, and ____________.
placebo effect
Since she believes that the tablets she takes will help her lose weight, Traleen is experiencing a considerable reduction in her appetite even though they are just sugar pills. This best illustrates the _____.
unlearned
Some maladaptive behaviors are learned. What hope does this fact provide? If a behavior can be learned, it can be _________, and replaced by other more adaptive responses.
insight
The psychoanalytic and humanistic therapies are often referred to as _____ therapies.
mean
The tendency for extremely unusual events or emotions to fall back (return) toward their average is known as: regression toward the ____.
slightly more
The text discusses an experiment with 500 Massachusetts boys, aged 5 to 13 years, many of whom seemed bound for delinquency. Half were randomly assigned to a 5-year treatment program. Thirty years later, when compared with the boys NOT assigned to the program, the boys who WERE assigned to the program were _____ likely to have committed new offenses. much more much less slightly less slightly more
exposure
The textbook suggests that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is nothing more than old therapeutic wine in new skins. In other words, EMDR is little more than a type of behavior therapy called _____ therapy.
genuineness
The three main features that humanistic therapists hope to exhibit are ____, acceptance, and empathy.
transference
When patients in psychoanalysis develop feelings toward their therapist such as love or hatred, and those feelings are linked to other relationships they have had or have, they are experiencing:
biomedical therapy
Which is the BROADEST category of therapy?
counterconditioning
Which of these terms has the BROADEST meaning? counterconditioning systematic desensitization exposure therapy aversive conditioning therapy
humanistic
Which therapeutic technique focuses more on the present and future than the past, and involves unconditional positive regard and active listening? __________ therapy-specifically Carl Rogers' client-centered therapy
active listening
While Kirk's therapist listens to what he has to say without judgment, she also seeks understanding by paraphrasing as well as asking for clarification and then reflecting Kirk's feelings. His therapist is using a therapeutic technique known as _____.
Aaron Beck
Who developed cognitive therapy, which teaches people new, adaptive ways of thinking and acting?
Carl Rogers
Who emphasized the importance of active listening in the process of psychotherapy?
relapse
Your good friend has been dealing with severe anxiety for the last few months. However, she is reluctant to see a therapist because she is hoping that her anxious feelings will go away. In order to convince her that seeing a therapist would be beneficial, you can tell her that those undergoing therapy are more likely to improve more quickly and with less risk of _____.
US, UR, NS, CS, CR
__ is unconditioned stimulus, __ is unconditioned response, __ is neutral stimulus, __ is conditioned stimulus, and __ is conditioned response.
Psychotherapy
_____ consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.
Biomedical therapy
_____ is the process of prescribing medication or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology.
Psychoanalysis
_____ is the therapeutic technique intended to help patients gain insight into repressed impulses and conflicts.
unconditional positive
_____ regard is a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed to be conducive to developing self-awareness and self-acceptance.
Aaron Beck
_____ sought to reverse the catastrophizing beliefs people have about themselves through the use of gentle questioning.
Humanistic
_____ therapists strive to boost self-fulfillment by helping people grow in self-awareness and self-acceptance.
behavioral
_____ therapy is empirically supported for treating bed-wetting.
cognitive-behavioral
_____ therapy presumes the basis for psychological disorders is the result of self-harmful thoughts and behaviors.
Virtual reality exposure
_____ therapy progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as flying, snakes, or public speaking.
cognitive-behavior
_____ therapy seeks to make people aware of their irrational negative thinking and to replace it with new ways of thinking.
exposure therapy
_____ treats anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear and avoid.
counter-conditioning
_____ uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors.
Sigmund Freud
_____ was the first to emphasize the importance of transference in the therapeutic process.
hope
According to one study, beneficial therapies share much in common, including _____ for demoralized people.
perspective
According to one study, beneficial therapies share much in common, including hope for demoralized people, a new_____, and an empathetic, trusting, caring relationship.
12
Alcoholics Anonymous uses how many steps in their program?
two-factor
Cognitive therapists believe that "thinking colors feelings." The idea that feelings are influenced by cognition is consistent with the _____ theory of emotion discussed earlier in the text.
humanistic, cognitive
By reflecting clients' feelings in a nondirective setting, the _________ therapies attempt to foster personal growth by helping clients become more self-aware and self-accepting. By making clients aware of self-defeating patterns of thinking, ____________ therapies guide people toward more adaptive ways of thinking about themselves and their world.
resistance
Classical psychoanalysts are especially interested in interpreting the meaning of clients' _____ to therapeutic procedures.
accepted
Client-centered therapists emphasize the importance of: enabling clients to feel unconditionally _________.
Lazarus
Cognitive therapists believe that "thinking colors feelings." In his cognitive appraisal theory, Richard _____ similarly highlighted the importance of cognition to emotion.
cognitive processes
The placebo effect best illustrates the importance of _____ in therapeutic outcomes.
Alvarez, Brown
Dr. Alvarez is a strict Freudian psychoanalyst. Dr. Brown is a non-directive, client-centered humanistic therapist. Dr. Charles is a behavior therapist. Which of these psychologists is an insight therapist? Dr. _______ and Dr. ______ are insight therapists.
psychoanalysis
Except for traditional _____, most therapies may also occur in small groups.
classical; operant
Exposure therapies and aversive conditioning are applications of __________ conditioning. Token economies are an application of __________ conditioning.
conscious
Humanistic therapists focus on _____ thoughts.
aversive conditioning
In _____, the goal is to substitute a negative response for a positive response to a harmful stimulus.
systematic desensitization
In _____, the goal is to substitute a positive response for a negative response to a harmless stimulus.
operant conditioning
In a residential treatment facility for troubled youth, adolescents receive large colored buttons when they hang up their clothes, make their beds, and come to meals on time. The youth return the buttons to staff members to receive bedtime snacks or watch television. This best illustrates an application of:
eclectic
In its introduction to the topic of treating psychological disorders, the textbook suggests that the most prevalent approach to treatment is the _____ approach.
transference; resistance; interpretation
In psychoanalysis, patients may experience strong feelings for their analyst, which is called __________. Patients are said to demonstrate anxiety when they put up mental blocks around sensitive memories-showing __________. The analyst will attempt to offer insight into the underlying anxiety by offering a(n) __________ of the mental blocks.
psychodynamic therapy
In which type of therapy was Carl Rogers NOT a key figure?
cost effective
On average, psychotherapy is _____ compared with the costs of medical care for psychologically related complaints.
behavior modification
Reinforcing desired behaviors and withholding reinforcement for undesired behaviors is known as _____.
cognitive
Several years after her son's death, Mrs. Leone remains incapacitated by feelings of guilt and sadness. To reduce Mrs. Leone's depression, a therapist encourages her to stop blaming herself for her inability to prevent her son's death. The therapist's approach is MOST representative of _____ therapy.
insight, behavior
The _______ therapies-psychodynamic and humanistic therapies-seek to relieve problems by providing an understanding of their origins. ________ therapies assume the problem behavior is the problem and treat it directly.
behavior
The aim of _____ therapy is on extinction and learning.
1950
The introduction of therapeutic drugs and community-based treatment programs in the _____'s helped to empty large mental hospitals.
psychodynamic therapy
Therapists using _____ help the patient to explore and gain perspective into defended-against thoughts and feelings.
social workers
These therapists attend a two-year graduate program in addition to postgraduate supervision in order to prepare them to offer psychotherapy. Psychiatric _____ _______
systematic desensitization
This behavior therapy is commonly used to treat phobias.
client-centered
This therapy aims to increase personal growth through self-insight.
psychodynamic
This therapy aims to reduce anxiety through self-insight.
cognitive
This therapy promotes healthier thinking and self-talk.
research
When making a decision on which therapy to use, the American Psychological Association (APA) advocate that clinicians consider the patient's unique situation, the best available_____, and their own clinical expertise.
Pinel
Two mental health reform pioneers are the American, Dorothea Dix, and the French doctor, _____.
cognitive behavioral
What is ________ _________ therapy, and what sorts of problems does this therapy address? It has been shown to be effective for those with anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, mood disorders, and anorexia nervosa.
