Psychology 2-1

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correlation coefficient

statistic that describes the direction and strength of the relationship between 2 sets of variables

experimental

study group exposed to the independent variable

control

study group to which the independent variable is not applied

single- blind experiment

subjects are unaware of which group they belong to

central tendency

the mean, median, and mode

dependent

variable that changes in relation to the other variable

independent

variable that is deliberately manipulated

frequency distribution

way of arranging data so that we know how often a particular score or observation occurs

statistical significance

when the result supports the hypothesis

variable

conditions and behaviors in a study that are subject to change

sample

a small group used by researchers to conduct a study of a given population

statistics

branch of mathematics that enables researchers to organize and evaluate the data they collect

placebo effect

change in the s's illness or behavior that result from a belief that the treatment/drug will have an effect rather from the actual treatment

longitudinal

data are collected about a same group of subjects over a number of years to assess how certain characteristics change or remain the same during development

cross sectional

data are collected from groups of participants of different ages and compared at the same time so that conclusions can be drawn about differences due to age

THEN

dependent variable

random sample

each potential participant has an equal chance of being selected

hypothesis

educated guess about an expected outcome of an experiment

experiment

enables E to control the situation and to decrease possibility of hidden variables

stratified sample

entire population of potential participants is divided into subgroups; random sample is then taken from each subgroup

survey

fixed set of questions asked of many individuals

normal curve (bell-shaped curve)

graph of frequency distribution shaped like a symmetrical-bell shaped curve; a graph go normally distributed data

self-fulfilling prophecy

having expectations about a behavior and then acting in some way, usually unknowingly, to carry out that behavior

IF

independent variable

case study

intensive investigation of one or more participants

descriptive statistics

list or summarize data in practical, efficient ways

correlation

measure of how 2 variables or sets of data relate to each other

ethics

methods of conduct for proper and responsible behavior

human subject committee

must submit experiment proposals to this group for approval

double-blind experiment

neither the e or s knows which subject's receive exposure to the independent variable

psychological tests

objective methods for observation and measurement of subjects in various areas such as intelligence

naturalistic

observation conducted under normal circumstances

negative correlation

one factor rises as the other falls

positive correlation

one factor rises as the other rises; one falls as the other falls

debrief

remove misconceptions


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