Psychology

Mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as avoiding eye contact or rehearsing sentences before speaking are called ________. a. safety behaviors b. ruminations c. obsessions d. cognitive restructures

safety behaviors

Which pair of neurotransmitters has received the most attention as a potential explanation for the symptoms of schizophrenia? a. serotonin and norephinephrine b. dopamine and serotonin c. norephinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid d. gamma-aminobutyric acid and oxytocin

dopamine and serotonin

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about dissociative disorders? a. People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture. b. People with these disorders become disconnected from their sense of self. c. People with these disorders experience memory and identity disturbances. d. These disorders have a psychological rather than a physical cause.

People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture.

Which of the following is a set of symptoms or behaviors that you might see in a person diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder? a. pervasive need for perfectionism that interferes with the ability to complete tasks b. lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds c. instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood d. overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing a(n) ________ episode. a. manic b. body dysmorphic c. psychotic d. dissociative

manic

Antipsychotic drugs, such as Haldol, are used to treat all of the following except ________. a. manic episodes b. auditory hallucinations c. paranoia d. visual hallucinations

manic episodes

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts. a. personality b. obsessive-compulsive c. stress-related d. phobic

obsessive-compulsive

Harlow is eight years old. She sees Dr. Gardener every Friday at 11:00 a.m. Their sessions involve Dr. Gardener watching Harlow interact with stuffed animals and other toys. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? a. RET b. play therapy c. cognitive-behavioral therapy d. ECT

play therapy

Martha and Mikey go to meet with a psychotherapist and other parents to learn about their adult son's symptoms of schizophrenia. They spend time discussing the illness, learning to understand his challenges, and getting information about how to most effectively help him recover. This approach is called a ________ group. a. self-help b. structural c. psychoanalytic d. psychoeducational

psychoeducational

Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, ________. a. issues related to being a female therapist treating a male client b. race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment c. treating everyone the same regardless of cultural background d. issues related to whether the client is considered normal or deviant

race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment

Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during the fall and winter months when she gets less direct exposure to sunlight. What kind of depression does Alexis have? a. persistent depressive b. bipolar c. peripartum/postpartum d. seasonal pattern

seasonal pattern

Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails and that the spiders will hatch inside his skin and will eventually begin to eat his organs. What kind of delusion is this? a. somatic b. disorganized c. paranoid d. grandiose

somatic

Dr. Piccolo is working with a family and determines that the parents do not make rules together and often contradict each other. This leads to confusion among the children who act out because they don't understand what is expected of them in the home. She helps them to get "on the same page" with regard to each family member's place in the home and helps the parents work on their own relationship as co-parents. This is called ________ family therapy. a. structural b. strategic c. triangular d. humanistic

structural

Researchers have found that approximately _____ percent of those with dissociative identity disorder were physically and/or sexually abused in childhood, leading to the conclusion that trauma can be a cause of this disorder. a. 65 b. 99 c. 80 d. 95

95

________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and worry that is accompanied by disturbances in behaviors. a. Personality b. Affective c. Dissociative d. Anxiety

Anxiety

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America? a. Determinants of Social Mental Disorders b. Determining Statistical Manifestation of Disorders c. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders d. International Classification of Diseases

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model? a. Ozzie's doctor does not believe that mental illness has a biological basis. b. Ozzie treats his manic episodes by using medication to induce depression. c. Ozzie treats his depression by exposing himself to a series of stressors so he can learn coping skills. d. Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________. a. schizoid personality disorder b. intellectual disability c. autism spectrum disorder d. attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails? a. aversive conditioning b. flooding c. exposure therapy d. systematic desensitization

aversive conditioning

According to the textbook, which of these events would have the highest likelihood of causing posttraumatic stress disorder? a. reading about the death of dozens of people in a terrible airplane crash b. surviving a hurricane that destroyed a city c. being assaulted and robbed of your cash and credit cards d. a fire to one's home that left no remains

being assaulted and robbed of your cash and credit cards

Among older Korean Americans, approximately 14% polled felt that having a mentally ill family member would a. be passed on to that family member's children. b. bring shame to the family. c. be an untreatable, lifelong condition. d. be most aptly treated with psychotropic medications.

bring shame to the family.

Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client. a. transference b. rational emotive therapy c. free association d. cognitive therapy

free association

During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs. a. admission b. evaluation c. exposition d. intake

intake

Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Nathan appears to suffer from ________ personality disorder. a. histrionic b. borderline c. schizotypal d. narcissistic

narcissistic

If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________. a. often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania b. never thinks about the risk that a major depressive episode will follow a manic episode c. experiences flashbacks interspersed with depression d. once started a day euphoric and ended the day tired

often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

Jarl makes several minor mistakes during his conversational French class. Instead of thinking, "everyone makes mistakes sometimes," he thinks, "I am so stupid." What kind of cognitive distortion is this? a. jumping to conclusions b. beating a dead horse c. all-or-nothing thinking d. overgeneralization

overgeneralization

At the most basic level, schizophrenia is best conceptualized as a(n) ________ disorder. a. obsessive-compulsive b. psychotic c. dissociative d. impulse control

psychotic

Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________. a. severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy b. a mood disorder who do not believe in traditional biomedical approaches c. ADHD who also suffer from anxiety d. auditory hallucinations associated with schizophrenia

severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy

How long does traditional psychoanalysis typically take? a. one week of intensive sessions b. weeks c. months d. years

years

What is meant by the term etiology? a. the cause of a disorder b. likely future path of an illness c. frequency with which a given illness occurs d. the different symptoms of a given condition

the cause of a disorder

In the African American community, what has been found to play a significant role as an alternate source of support to mental health services? a. community halfway houses b. one's primary care physician c. workplace counselors d. the church

the church

Which of the following choices is an emphasis of humanistic approaches to psychotherapy? a. the client's unconscious desires b. the client's recent past c. the client's present and future d. the client's early infancy

the client's present and future

Christine and Susan have been together for 3 years and are thinking about getting married. Lately all they seem to do is fight, as they have trouble communicating over the slightest issue. Both are unhappy and are each thinking that they may need to call off the wedding. They go to see a(n) ________ therapist who might help them work through these communication issues and to help them build collaborative problem-solving strategies. a. psychoeducational b. family c. couples d. group

couples

A particular benefit of ________ therapy is the possibility of decreasing a client's sense of shame and isolation about the problem they face, while also letting them offer support to others. a. group b. gestalt c. individual d. humanistic

group

Patients at Manderly Psychiatric Center are rewarded with chips when they engage in positive behaviors such as socializing with other patients. They can later exchange the chips for privileges, like extra TV time. This is an example of ________. a. classical conditioning b. a token economy c. client-centered therapy d. rational emotive therapy

a token economy

Marlena tells her therapist that she often feels helpless and unable to accomplish her goals. Her therapist responds by acknowledging her feelings, restating what she has told him, and clarifying the feelings behind what Marlena is expressing. What aspect of client-centered therapy is this? a. indirect empathy b. personal growth c. unconditional positive regard d. active listening

active listening

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder? a. Gemma is quick to anger and is incapable of dealing with a situation in which she is not the center of attention. b. Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to. c. Gemma is submissive and physically clings to the people around her. d. Gemma is very impulsive—as soon as an idea enters her head she acts upon it.

Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to.

In a study of several thousand women, it was found that rates of bulimia nervosa was more prevalent among _________ women when compared to non-Hispanic whites. a. Eastern and Western European b. Native American and Pacific Islander c. Hispanic and Asian-American d. Hispanic and African American

Hispanic and African American

Which principle underlies cognitive therapy? a. How you think determines how you feel. b. Thoughts cannot be changed. c. Behavior can be conditioned. d. Unconscious thoughts influence behavior.

How you think determines how you feel.

How is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis? a. In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious. b. In psychoanalysis, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while behavior therapy involves digging deeply into one's unconscious. c. Psychoanalysis involves using free association to work through repressed desires, while behavior therapy focuses on how undesirable behaviors are predicted unconsciously, in our dreams. d. Behavior therapy involves free association and dream analysis, while psychoanalysis focuses on the use of classical conditioning to change patterns of thinking.

In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious.

Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide? a. history of previous suicide attempts b. have access to lethal weapons, such as firearms c. being a fan of violent media (music, television shows, movies, etc.) d. alcohol dependence

being a fan of violent media (music, television shows, movies, etc.)

In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her distorted ways of thinking and self-defeating actions by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? a. systematic desensitization b. cognitive-behavioral therapy c. classical conditioning counseling d. client-centered therapy

cognitive-behavioral therapy

A psychological disorder is a ________. a. set of situational, idiosyncratic, or unconventional inner feelings b. medical condition that has identifiable neurological causes c. condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors d. condition characterized by normal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors