psychology a - exam 1
match each research method with its appropriate description.
a guided discussion, typically involving 4 to 10 people, to gather opinions on a particular topic : focus group an in-depth examination of a single person, group, or event : case study experiment : a study in which an independent variable is controlled to test a hypothesis a collection of data self-reported by a large, random sample of participants : survey
according to erik erikson's theory of psychosocial development, what must occur at each stage of development to move successfully to the next stage?
an emotional crisis must be resolved.
according to the american psychological association, what should psychological researchers do when working with animal subjects?
attempt to minimize their pain and discomfort
according to james marcia's theory of identity development, identity diffusion in adolescents is typically characterized by what issues? select all that apply.
avoidance of discomfort exploration of different values and beliefs
what are preventable, potentially harmful influences on brain development during the prenatal stage? select all that apply.
exposure to chemicals malnutrition of the mother
what physical developments typically accompany adolescence? select all that apply.
growth of the brain's frontal cortex increased levels of hormones in the blood
what is widely considered to be a limitation to piaget's cognitive theory of development?
it views development as distinct, age-linked stages rather than a continuous process of growth.
which factors are important for the development of infant perception and intelligence? select all that apply.
language stimulation experience with different surroundings
maria wants to take a classmate's toy. maria is in the preconventional stage of morality. what is maria most likely to do and why?
leave the toy alone because she knows the teacher would punish her
how has psychology changed as a scientific discipline? select all that apply.
observable behaviors are now measured. technology is now used to help examine cognitive processes.
calling all animals "doggie" is an example of what common developmental process of language acquisition?
overextension
how does kohlberg's theory of moral development classify different levels of morality?
preconventional, conventional, postconventional
which social and emotional issues often impact older people? select all that apply.
reliance on others loneliness and isolation
infants and children who remain within close distance to a caregiver are more likely to _[blank]_ than those who do not.
survive to adulthood
match each method used to observe development with its appropriate description.
takes repeated measurements of the same individuals to observe change in detail as it occurs : microgenetic follows multiple individuals in different stages of life over a long amount of time : sequential studies multiple individuals in different stages of life at one time : cross-sectional examines a particular group of individuals and the ways they change over a long amount of time : longitudinal
match each major perspective in psychology with its defining focus.
the impact of unconscious drives : psychodynamic the influence of the environment : behavioral the role of memory and thinking processes : cognitive the importance of self-actualization : humanistic
match the statistical concept with its description.
the measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables : effect size the likelihood that chance does not influence a test result : statistical significance the positive or negative association between two variables that range between +1 and -1 : correlation coefficient the techniques used for the meaningful summary of data : descriptive statistics
what would show that an experiment's design is valid and reliable? select all that apply.
the results are consistent when the experiment is repeated. the data shows that the study measures what it claims it will measure.
match each major subfield of psychology with the appropriate description of its study.
thinking, memory, sensation, and perception : cognitive individual thought and behavior in group situations : social individual change and growth throughout different stages of life : developmental emotional, mental, and behavioral disorders : clinical
what are the main goals of using the scientific method in psychology? select all that apply.
to predict behavior to describe and explain mental processes
