Psychology Ch. 3
____ research relies on words rather than numbers for data.
Qualitative
Psychologists have used case studies to
all of these
Which of these might reduce the accuracy of retrospective data?
all of these
Experimenters use unobtrusive measures to
assess behavior without subject knowledge.
A ____ consists of a descriptive record of one person's experiences and/or behaviors compiled by an outside observer.
case study
Freud's (1933) study of Little Hans illustrated how the ____ method can help clinicians propose developmental theories.
case study
Pennebaker and colleagues (2004) used the ____ approach in their study of the influences of testosterone therapy on a female-to-male transgendered individual.
case study
Which is an important advantage of the phenomenological approach?
development of valuable hypotheses
Which of these is a qualitative method that might rely on a researcher's own experiences or on those of others?
empirical phenomenology
Which qualitative approach heavily relies on participants' actual words and may include verbatim narratives in published reports?
empirical phenomenology
When we can generalize our research findings to subjects or settings outside of an experiment, our experiment has ____ validity.
external
If a research study restricted subjects to a very narrow range of possible responses, it would be
high in imposition of units.
When we are certain that only the antecedent conditions we created caused participant behavior in our experiment, the experiment has ____ validity.
internal
Researchers like Ainsworth et al. (1978) use the strange situation to assess the quality of attachments between very young children and their parents and other caregivers. Researchers often use ____ to gather data about these interactions.
naturalistic observation
Data used in the phenomenological approach come from
our own immediate experience.
Researchers face special challenges to their ethics and objectivity when they use the ____ method to study groups like the homeless and urban crack addicts.
participant-observer
Which of these examines a single individual's immediate subjective experiences?
phenomenological approach
Your baby sister turns cartwheel after cartwheel until you try to capture her play on your iPhone. This illustrates the problem of
reactivity.
A researcher measured the popularity of museum displays by measuring the comparative wear on floor tiles. This strategy illustrates the use of
unobtrusive measures.
____ are high in degree of manipulation of antecedent conditions and high in imposition of units.
Laboratory experiments
