Psychology Chapter 1
basic research
A systematic and scientific method for exploring and building the knowledge base of psychology
applied research
A systematic and scientific method of inquiry that emphasizes finding solutions for psychology in everyday situations
empirical method
Data that comes from direct observation or experimentation
Evolutionary psychologists
David Buss and charles Darwin
Plato and Socrates
Debated the nature of thought and behavior, including a link between the mind and the body
Behavioral-genetics approach
Emphasizes the role of nature vs nurture and the effects it has on development
Wilhem Wundt
Father of psychology (structuralist)
William James
Functionalism thought is adaptive
Emotion and motivation psychology
How individuals persist to attain a difficult goal and how rewards affect the experience of motivation
Woman and gender psychology
Influences on womens development and behavior and the broad topic of gender
Behavioral psychologists
Ivan pavlov, john Watson, bf skinner
Edward Titchener
Structuralism
Science
The utilization of systematic methods to study and draw conclusions concerning behavior and phenomenon
Physiological and behavioral neuroscience
Thinking, memory and brains role in behavior
mental processes
Thoughts, feelings and motivations that cannot be directly observed
community psychology
a branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups
developmental psychology
a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span-how people become who they are
Biological Approach
an approach to psychology focusing on the body, especially the brain and nervous system
Sport Psychology
applies psychology's principles to improving sport performance and enjoying sport participation
Forensic Psychology
area of psychology that applies the science and practice of psychology to issues within and related to the justice system
cross-cultural psychology
branch of psychology that studies the effects of culture on behavior and mental processes
clinical and counseling psychology
diagnose and treat people with psychological problems
Positive psychology
emphasizes human strengths and potential
Introspection
examination of one's own thoughts and feelings (structuralist)
Sensation and Perception Psychology
focuses on the physical systems and psychological process.
Rene Descartes
interactive dualism, mind and body are separate but interact
Psychopathology
scientific study of psychological disorders
social psychology
study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
Industrial/Organizational psychology
the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
Critical thinking
the process of thinking deeply and actively, asking questions, and evaluating the evidence
Psychology
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Cognitive Psychology
the scientific study of mental processes, including perception, thought, memory, and reasoning
personality psychology
the study of characteristic thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in people and how they vary across social situations
Environmental psychology
the study of the relationship between behavior and the physical environment
health psychology
the subfield of psychology concerned with ways psychological factors influence the causes and treatment of physical illness and the maintenance of health
humanistic psychologists
Carl Rogers and abraham maslow
Behavior
Actions that can be directly observed
Evolutionary Approach
An approach to psychology centered on evolutionary ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors.
humanistic approach
An approach to psychology emphasizing a person's positive qualities, the capacity for positive growth, and the freedom to choose any destiny.
Cognitive Approach
An approach to psychology emphasizing the mental processes involved in knowing: how we direct our attention, perceive, remember, think, and solve problems.
behavioral approach
An approach to psychology emphasizing the scientific study of observable behavioral responses and their environmental determinants.
psychodynamic approach
An approach to psychology emphasizing unconscious thought, the conflict between biological drives (such as the drive for sex) and society's demands, and early childhood family experiences.
Sociocultural Approach
An approach to psychology that examines the ways in which social and cultural environments influence behavior.
Structuralism
An early school of psychology stressing that conscious experiences could be broken into parts or structures
Functionalism
An early school of psychology that focused on how organisms function and adapt to their environment
Learning Psychology
Behavior changes in response to changing circumstances
Aristotle
Believed that the mind and body are same
