Psychology chapter 1 quiz questions

what is the name for the idea that is was possible to study human behavior through careful experimentation? A. empiricism B. introspection C. dualism D. observation

A. Empiricism

which of the following statements does not reflect the interplay between the psychological perspectives? A. psychologists may adopt more than one approach, but one always emerges as the clear front runner B. the different views of human behavior are complementary C. there is a great deal of overlap between the perspectives D. when behavior is viewed through multiple lenses a more complete picture emerges

A. Psychologists may adopt more than one approach, but one always emerges as the clear front-runner.

Which property of a good experiment helps protect against fraudulent research? A. Replication B. Random assignment C. Extraneous variables D. Control groups

A. Replication

Sheyna is participating in a research study. She believes she has figured out that the purpose of the experiment is to discover the IQ of participants by nontraditional methods. She begins to answer the researcher's questions in a particular manner due to her belief. The most likely reason Sheyna has determined the reason for the experiment is because of which of the following? A. Sheyna has picked up on demand characteristics. B. Sheyna was subject to observer bias. C. Sheyna is part of the control group. D. Sheyna has discussed the experiment with others who have already participated.

A. Sheyna has picked up on demand characteristics.

Terri was walking through the mall and was approached by a researcher, who asked if she would like to participate in a brief experiment. After agreeing, she was led to a room where she waited alone. After 30 minutes passed, the researcher came into the room and told her the experiment was over and that she could leave. Later that day, while describing the episode to her friend, Terri could not explain what the experiment was about. Why not? A. The researcher failed to debrief Terri, and therefore it was never made clear to her what the purpose of the experiment was. B. Due to the fact that the experiment was in a public space, information regarding the purpose doesn't need to be made clear to the participants. C. The researcher failed to get Terri's informed consent and therefore could not release details concerning the experiment. D. Terri didn't pay attention; all of the information about the experiment should have been posted on the door to the room she entered.

A. The researcher failed to debrief Terri, and therefore it was never made clear to her what the purpose of the experiment was.

which of the following is an accurate list of the goals of psychology? A. describe, explain, predict, and control behavior B. understand, improve, assist the well being of humans C. categorize, understand, and manipulate human thought processes D. explore, understand, and influence the functions of the human mind

A. describe, explain, predict, and control behavior

the statement "the whole is more than the sum of its parts" is associated with which psychological school of thought? A. gestalt B. behaviorsim C. humanism D. functionalism

A. gestalt

"Children who eat candy on a daily basis will be less physically active than children who do not." This statement, within the scientific method, represents a(n) __________. A. hypothesis B. fact C. observation D. variable

A. hypothesis

which of the following is not one of the common limitations of the experimental method? A. naturalistic error B. ethnocentrism C. generalizability D. volunteer bias

A. naturalistic error

Parapsychology is the study of ________. A. phenomena that fall outside of scientific boundaries B.the question, "Why are we here?" C. pseudoscience and its effects D. the impact of being disabled on the human mind

A. phenomena that fall outside of scientific boundaries

The best description of volunteer bias is _____. A. some types of people are more willing to participate in a research study than others B. letting people choose whether to be in the experimental or control group leads to problems C. some volunteers are too young to participate in research D. volunteers bring their attitudes and stereotypes to the experiment

A. some types of people are more willing to participate in a research study than others

which is NOT a characteristic of pseudosciences? A. poorly marketed B. untestable claims C. failure to replicate D. misleading language

A.Poorly marketed

Which situation allows experimenters to justify the use of deception? A.When deception is the only way for the experiment to work B. When all participants are wards of the state C. When the deception does not cause physical harm D. If all participants have given their consent

A.When deception is the only way for the experiment to work

You have been assigned a class research study. Your instructions are to investigate how adolescents listen to and respect authority. You are instructed to perform research as if you are part of the behavioral school of psychology. Which of the following locations would be the best place to conduct your research? A. A concert, where adolescents are free to act however they like B. A classroom, where you can directly observe the actions of adolescents C. The library, where you can review previous studies on the impact of restrictions on adolescents D. An interview with a teen outreach police officer

B. A classroom, where you can directly observe the actions of adolescents

If an individual is hearing voices and making claims that he is someone he is not, which type of psychologist would be appropriate to evaluate and possibly treat him? A. School psychologist B. Clinical psychologist C. Developmental psychologist D. Forensic psychologist

B. Clinical psychologist

which of the following is NOT one of the goals of psychology? A. control B. evaluate C. predict D. describe

B. Evaluate

which mental health professional goes through medical school? A. counselor B. psychiatrist C. social worker D. psychologist

B. Psychiatrist

Which of the following is NOT one of the guidelines for the ethical treatment of animals? A. Research on animals should benefit the health and welfare of humans or other animals. B. Surgeries should not be performed on larger animals. C. Research animals should be housed in a safe and humane environment. D. Anyone working with animals must receive specialized training.

B. Surgeries should not be performed on larger animals.

which of the following would not be considered an applied setting?A. Business B. University lab C. School D. Government agency

B. University lab

the scientific method refers to ______. A. a style of training scientists receive in their specialized fields B. a basic set of steps used in generating new knowledge C. a style of scientific speaking use din journals and at conferences D. laboratory experiments on human behavior

B. a basic set of steps used in carrying out research across a wide range of disciplines

When neither the participants nor the researchers know which participants are part of the control group or the experimental group until after all the data are collected, it is called a ________. A. correlational study B. double-blind study C. confusion study D. randomized study

B. double-blind study

When two variables move in the same direction it is referred to as ________. A. negative correlation B. positive correlation C. connected correlation D. causal correlation

B. positive correlation

which quality of a good experiment helps protect against fraudulent research? A. extraneous variables B. replication C. control groups D. random assignment

B. replication

correlation coefficients range anywhere from ______. A. -1.00 to 0 B. 0 to 100 C. -1.00 to +1.00 D. 0 to +1.00

C. -1.00 to +1.00

the tendency to respond in a way that you believe is socially acceptable and desirable is called the ______. A. cuteness response B. positive correlation C. desirability bias D. observer bias

C. desirability bias

although charlie is a big man and can often be intimidating to others, he is terrified of dogs. his therapist believes that in charlie's youth he must have had a traumatic event with a dog that was given no satisfactory comfort from an adult to allay his fears. charlie's therapist is most characteristic of which school of psychology? A. developmental B. behaviorism C. psychoanalytic D. humanistic

C. psychoanalytic

which perspective would explain aggression as serving an adaptive function for human survival? A. cognitive B. behavioral C. sociocultural D. evolutionary

D. Evolutionary

Which of the following is an accurate list of the goals of psychology? A. To understand, to improve, and to assist the well-being of the human species B. To explore, to understand, and to influence the functions of the human mind C. To categorize, to understand, and to manipulate human thought processes D. To describe, to explain, to predict, and to control behavior

D. To describe, to explain, to predict, and to control behavior

All humans require food, shelter, oxygen, and water in order to survive. This is known as ________. A. a logical law B. cultural specificity C. an environmental correlation D. a universal law

D. a universal law

if an individual is hearing voices and making claims that he is seeing someone he is not, which type of psychologist is best for treating him? A. school psychologist B. forensic psychologist C. developmental psychologist D. clinical psychologist

D. clinical psychologist

The measured variable in an experiment is the ________. A. control variable B. hypothetical variable C. independent variable D. dependent variable

D. dependent variable

in an experiment, the variable that is measured is called the _____. A. extraneous variable B. hypothesis C. independent variable D. dependent variable

D. dependent variable

a scientist is conducting a research study on popularity. he decides to use the number of Facebook friends as an indicator of popularity. The number of friends is the _____. A. hypothesis B. correlation C. theory D. operational definition

D. operational definition

the best explanation of volunteer bias is ____. A. some volunteers are too young to participate in research B. letting people choose whether to be in the experimental or control group leads to problems C. volunteers bring their attitudes and stereotypes to the experiment D. some types of people are more willing to participate in a research study than others

D. some types of people are more willing to participate in a research study than others

additional training and expertise in a subfield of psychology is called a ______. A. license B. secondary major C. certificate D. specialty area

D. specialty area

Which early school of thought emphasized the use of "talking sessions" to explore a person's unconscious?

Psychoanalysis

A testable prediction regarding the outcomes of a research study is also known as a(n) _____.

hypothesis

Which fundamental question about human behavior was heavily influenced by religious beliefs?

Mind-body connection