Psychology Chapter 12
People may unconsciously harbor negative racial associations. This best illustrates the subtle nature of:
implicit prejudice.
Victoria is a fifth grader at Carson Elementary School. Like most students in her school, she believes that Carson Elementary School is the best school in the town. This example best illustrates:
ingroup bias
The concept of a superordinate goal is best illustrated by:
the efforts of management and labor to produce a fuel-efficient automobile that will outsell any car on the market
While working on wedding preparations, Jamal conforms to the expectations of his future bride's family, simply to win their favor. His behavior illustrates the importance of:
normative social influence
_____ is unselfish regard for the welfare of others.
Altruism
_____ refers to the phenomenon in which the presence of other people makes it less likely that any single individual will help someone in distress because the obligation to intervene is shared among all the onlookers.
Diffusion of responsibility
Bernard's friends ask him to participate in some activities with them. He feels pressure to join them, even though the adventures might not be in his best interest. Which of the following reasons might NOT be strengthening Bernard's conformity to the group?
He feels competent and secure.
Juan is watching a presidential debate on television and is keenly paying attention to the candidates' arguments. At the end of the debate, Juan says "I agree with many of the third-party candidate's arguments." Juan is influenced by:
central route persuasion.
The phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present means the less likely each individual is to help someone in distress is called the:
bystander effect.
During a test, Abe succumbed to temptation and copied several answers from a nearby student's paper. He felt very uncomfortable about having done this, until he convinced himself that copying answers is not wrong if classmates are careless enough to expose their test sheets. Which theory best explains why Abe adopted this new attitude?
cognitive dissonance theory
During a riot or large sporting event, we can lose self-awareness and self-restraint. This is known as:
deindividuation.
Solomon Asch reported that individuals who participated in a study of what they believed was visual perception conformed to a group's judgment of the lengths of lines:
even when the group judgment was clearly incorrect.
In Milgram's experiments, participants were torn between whether they should respond to the pleas of the learner or the demands of the _____.
experimenter
The local basketball team seems to perform better in front of the home audience on their home court. This best illustrates:
social facilitation.
Researchers asked homeowners for permission to install a large, poorly lettered sign in their front yards. Only 17 percent of the homeowners consented. Researchers then approached different homeowners and asked if they could post a small, neatly lettered sign. Nearly all agreed. Then, when asked two weeks later if they could post the large, ugly sign, 76 percent of this second group consented. The results of this experiment support:
the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
When temperatures go up in summer, the rates of violent crimes increase. This is best explained in terms of:
the frustration-aggression principle.
Recognizing the powerful impact of social influence on others' behavior is most likely to minimize:
the fundamental attribution error.
You've stopped at a diner for a cup of coffee, and the waitress yells at you when you sit at a table that has not been cleared. Affronted, you are convinced that she should find another line of work—one in which her angry personality will not interfere with her job. However, you disregard the possibility that the restaurant is short of help that day. You have just fallen prey to:
the fundamental attribution error.
The tendency to believe that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get is called:
the just-world phenomenon
