Psychology Chapter 13

Psychodynamic therapy, client-centered therapy, and Gestalt therapy consider psychological disorders to occur as a result of _____.​

​internal conflict

Unlike client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy _________.​

​is directive

Briefly explain the four essentials of psychotherapy.

1. Systematic interaction- It is an interaction between a client and therapist. It determines how they interact with each other. 2. Psychological principles- It is based on psychological theory and research in personality, learning, motivation, and emotion. 3. Thoughts, feelings, and behavior- This type of therapy influences these aspects. 4. Psychological disorders, adjustment problems, and personal growth- It is used to help people with disorders, problems they have, and help clients learn more about themselves.

What are two qualities of Ellis's rational emotive behavior therapy?

Active and directive

Sheryl is suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder. Her doctor recommends that she take some drugs. Which of the following drugs is she most likely taking?

Antidepressant

Jack's therapist Susan wants him to recall significant points about his recent appraisal, so he can cope with his work more effectively. Which of the following approaches does Susan use?

Cognitive therapy

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of group therapy?

It is less expensive than individual sessions.

In psychoanalysis, which of the following statements best describes catharsis?

It is the expression of repressed feelings and impulses to allow the release of the psychic energy associated with them.

_________ is a behavior-therapy technique in which a client observes and imitates a person who approaches and copes with feared objects or situations.​

Modeling

Ryan, a psychiatrist, has recommended that his patient stop the use of antianxiety drugs. After two weeks, the patient complains that her anxiety symptoms have not abated. Ryan tells the patient that her feelings are an expected response to stopping antianxiety medication. What is the patient experiencing?

Rebound anxiety

__________refers to Wolpe's method for reducing fears by associating a hierarchy of images of fear-evoking stimuli with deep muscle relaxation.

Systematic-desensitization

What are the advantages of group therapy?

The advantages of group therapy are: 1. It is economical. It allows the therapist to work with several clients at once. 2. Compared with one-to-one therapy, group therapy provides more information and life experience for clients to draw on. 3. Appropriate behavior receives group support. Clients usually appreciate an outpouring of peer approval. 4. When we run into troubles, it is easy to imagine that we are different from other people. Affiliating with people with similar problems is reassuring. 5. Those who show improvement within the group give hope to others. 6. The people in the groups can role-play with other people.

Which of the following is the aim of traditional psychoanalysis?

To provide insight into the conflicts that are presumed to lie at the roots of a person's problems

Gestalt therapy assumes that people disown parts of themselves that might meet with social disapproval or rejection.

True

According to psychodynamic therapy, psychological problems reflect:

early childhood experiences and inner conflicts.

In client-centered therapy,__________refers to the recognition of a client's experiences and feelings.

empathy

A form of group therapy that may be undertaken from the systems approach is called__________.

family-therapy

Antidepressant medication tends to increase the concentration of__________in the brain.

noradrenaline

Salma angrily tells her therapist, John, "I should have won the beauty contest. It's not fair." John confronts Salma's belief by asking, "Wasn't the winner more talented and articulate than you?" John is most likely to be a(n)__________.

rational-emotive-behavior-therapist

Behavior therapy applies _____ to directly promote desired behavioral changes.​

​principles of learning

Psychotherapy refers to _________ between a client and a therapist.​

​systematic interaction

In client-centered therapy, _________ refers to respect for clients as human beings with unique values and goals.​

​unconditional positive regard

Electroconvulsive therapy has no side effects.

False

Explain antipsychotic drugs in brief.

Antipsychotic drugs are thought to act by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. They reduce agitation, delusions, and hallucinations.

__________refers to the systematic application of the principles of learning to the direct modification of a client's problem behaviors.

Behavior-therapy

According to psychiatrist Aaron Beck, clients make the cognitive error of minimizing the importance of negative events.

False

In aversive conditioning, an aversive stimuli is paired with a painful behavior in order to increase that behavior.

False

In psychoanalysis, the expression of repressed feelings and impulses to allow the release of the psychic energy associated with them is called free association.

False

Raul goes to a therapist. The therapist asks him to relax by lying on a couch and encourages him to talk about anything that comes to his mind. Through this process, the therapist hopes for some unconscious information to be revealed. Which of the following psychoanalytic techniques does the therapist use?

Free association

__________was originated by Fritz Perls.

Gestalt-therapy

Which of the following is true of psychotherapy?

It influences clients' thoughts, feelings, and behavior.

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of group therapy?

Relationship problems are magnified.

__________refers to a behavior-therapy method for helping people in their interpersonal relations that utilizes self-monitoring, behavior rehearsal, and feedback.

Social-skills-training

What are the various qualities of a client-centered therapy?

The qualities of this type of therapist are unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness. The therapy itself creates a warm, therapeutic atmosphere that encourages self-exploration and self-expression.

What is the reason for using the term Gestalt in Gestalt therapy?

The term was used to signify Perls's interest in giving the conflicting parts of the personality an integrated form or shape.

In cases of domestic violence, it is usually the partner with less power in a relationship that is the violent one.

True

In rational emotive behavior therapy, Albert Ellis pointed out that our beliefs about events, not just the events themselves, shape our responses to them.

True

Many psychological disorders experienced by Native Americans involve the disruption of their traditional culture caused by European colonization.

True

According to Aaron Beck, clients may engage in__________, which means looking at the world in black and white rather than in shades of gray.

absolutist-thinking

Steve's physician has prescribed medication that belongs to a class of chemicals known as benzodiazepines. Steve is most likely to be treated for _____.​

anxiety

Most antianxiety drugs belong to the chemical class known as _________.​

​benzodiazepines

Behavior therapists rely heavily on principles of _________.​

​conditioning and observational learning

A(n) _________ is a psychodynamically oriented therapist who focuses on the conscious, coping behavior of the ego instead of the hypothesized, unconscious functioning of the id.​

​ego analyst