Psychology Chapter 14

According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, which of the following is the ideal form of love?

Consummate love

Which of these factors does NOT contribute to aggressive behavior?

Empathy

According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, which of the following is true of passion?

It involves fascination (preoccupation with the loved one), sexual craving, and the desire for exclusiveness.

Which of the following best describes attitude?

It is an enduring mental representation of a person, place, or thing that typically evokes an emotional response and related behavior.

Which of the following is true of the attraction-similarity hypothesis?

It theorizes that reciprocity is a powerful determinant of attraction.

Which hormone is associated with the tendency to dominate and control others?

Testosterone

On a(n) _________ level, prejudice is associated with negative feelings such as fear, dislike, or hatred.​

emotional

A reason why people tend to have partners from the same background is _________.​

propinquity

Talya, a girl from a wealthy family, is seen constantly mocking her not-so-fortunate classmates. Her class teacher believes that Talya derives her condescending tone from her parents, who display similar behavior toward poorer families. The class teacher is making a _____.​

situational attribution

The Pittsburgh Steelers are playing a game in their home stadium. The stadium is full of fans. They are likely to do their best because so many of the fans are cheering them on to victory. In the context of group behavior, this is the result of:

social facilitation.

Yarema is a cyclist. He notices that whenever he trains with someone else, his time improves markedly. In the context of group behavior, this phenomenon occurs due to a process known as:

social facilitation.

Social facilitation refers to:

the process by which a person's performance is increased when other members of a group engage in similar behavior.

Sunny and Clara went for a lunch date, but Sunny could only stammer and stutter throughout the meal because he was nervous. Clara was deeply disappointed. Several weeks later, she decided to give Sunny a second chance. The next meeting passed without mishap and it was almost as if the first awkward meeting had never happened. Clara was so happy that she rewarded Sunny with a kiss. In terms of social perception, Clara's behavior is due to:

the recency effect.

_________ is the issue of how well one can predict behavior on the basis of attitudes.​

A-B problem

Which brain structure is associated with aggression in nonhumans?

Hypothalamus

Vasily participated in a replication of the Milgram Studies. Similar to the other "teachers" in the Milgram experiments, as Vasily became more emotionally aroused, his emotions interfered with clear thinking. Which of the following hypotheses to explain obedience holds true in this scenario?

Inaccessibility of values

In terms of behavior, which of the following is true of prejudice?

Prejudice is connected with avoidance, aggression, and discrimination.

Which of the following is a factor that contributes to attraction?

Reciprocity

Which of the following is true of stereotyping?

Stereotyping may lead people to view members of groups in a biased fashion.

Which of the following is true of Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love?

Romantic love is characterized by passion and intimacy.

People tend to divide their social world into "us" and "them." They usually view those who belong to their own groups—the "in-group"—more favorably than those who do not—the "out-group." Isolation from the out-group makes it easier to maintain their stereotypes. Which of the following source of prejudice does this illustrate?

Social categorization

_____ is a cognitively oriented learning theory in which observational learning and person variables such as values and expectancies play major roles in individual differences.​

Social cognitive theory

Which of the following factors increases the tendency to conform?

Social shyness

Which of the following factors decreases the tendency to conform?

Valuing being right over being liked

Sheena's brother was recently killed by a drunk driver. Students from an organization against drunk driving ask her to sign a petition and donate to their cause. She is glad to help them because she is still grieving her brother's death. This scenario demonstrates how the _____ of her attitude influences her behavior.​

accessibility​

The _________ is the tendency to attribute our own behavior to situational factors but to attribute the behavior of others to dispositional factors.​

actor-observer effect

Sheetal is reluctant to go home for the Christmas holidays as she does not have a good relationship with her parents. The tension starts even before she arrives. Her _____ leaves her feeling miserable. ​

attitude

Enduring behavioral and cognitive tendencies that are learned and expressed by evaluating particular people, places, or things with favor or disfavor are known as _________.​

attitudes.

According to the _________, people tend to develop romantic relationships with people who are similar to themselves in physical allure and other traits.​

attraction-similarity hypothesis

In _________ terms, prejudice is connected with avoidance and aggression.​

behavioral

People are said to _________ when they change their behavior to adhere to social norms.​

conform

Lisa has been invited to a party. Immediately after receiving the invitation, she meets with a group of friends to discuss what they plan to wear to the party. Lisa then decides what to wear based on everybody's opinion. Lisa's behavior demonstrates:

conformity.

Ever since Mark and Tracy met each other at a party thrown by a mutual friend, they have been fascinated with each other. They care about each other deeply, and realize that they want a special relationship with each other for the rest of their lives. According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, their feelings are known as:

consummate love.

Danny is reading a book in school. When he isn't looking, a girl steps on Danny's toe. The teacher, who observed this, believes the girl stepped on Danny's toe because she is malicious. In the context of social perception, the teacher is making a _____.​

dispositional attribution

Jessie and her mother argue about Jessie's choice of friends and dates. Her mother thinks Jessie is stubborn and resistant. Jessie thinks her mother is bossy and controlling. In this scenario, Jessie and her mother make _________ about each other's behavior.​

dispositional attributions

Sarah can recite her speech for her oral communications class perfectly when she is alone. However, when she is in front of the group she often loses her "train of thought" because of her concern that the audience is judging her performance. Sarah's performance has been influenced by:

evaluation apprehension.

Shaina is about to give her first speech in class. She is nervous and hopes she doesn't forget her points in front of the whole class. The presence of the class is not likely to facilitate her performance due to:

evaluation apprehension.

When Jolly met his supervisor immediately after getting hired, he remembered to smile as he answered her questions. In terms of social perception, Jolly wants his supervisor to form a positive:

first impression.

Keisha takes care to look smart and attractive for her job interview. In terms of social perception, this demonstrates that she recognizes that _____ are important.​

first impressions

Peter and Kirsten share a warm relationship and count on each other for emotional support. According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, this demonstrates _________.​

intimacy

According to a study by Sprecher and Felmlee (2008), U.S. women are more willing than U.S. men to marry someone who is:

not good-looking.

Michael's boss tells him to report to work at 4:00 a.m. the next day. Michael is not happy about arriving at work at such an unusual hour, yet he does as told. In the context of social influence, his behavior is an example of:

obedience to authority.

According to the _____, a woman's appeal is more strongly connected with her age and health, both of which are markers of reproductive capacity.​

parental investment model

Romantic love, in Sternberg's scheme, refers to _____.​

​an intense, positive emotion that involves sexual attraction, feelings of caring, and the belief that one is in love

In the early 1950s, a classic experiment on _________ was conducted by Solomon Asch.​

​conformity

A landlord refuses to rent his vacant apartment to college students. He believes that students throw wild parties and destroy property. In the context of behavior, the landlord's refusal is an example of _____.​

​discrimination