Psychology Chapter 2

Electrical wires are generally protected by a tube of plastic. A similar insulating function is performed in the nervous system by the: A. Myelin sheath B. Glial cells C. Terminal buttons D. Synapse

A. Myelin sheath

______ is the protective coat of fat and protein that wraps around the axon. A. Myelin sheath B. Glial cell C. Dendrite D. Synapse

A. Myelin sheath

Which of the following sequences correctly arranges nervous system structures from the most general to the most specific? A. Neuron -> axon -> terminal button B. Neuron -> terminal button -> axon C. Axon -> terminal button -> neuron D. Axon -> neuron -> terminal button

A. Neuron -> axon -> terminal button

Dendrite is to axon what ______ is to ______. A. Receiving; sending B. Sending; receiving C. Reuptake; action potential D. Action potential; reuptake

A. Receiving; sending

____ is the space between two neurons where the axon of a sending neuron communicates with the dendrites of a receiving neuron by using chemical messages. A. Synapse B. Terminal button C. Axon D. Cell body

A. Synapse

As many as _____ neurons throughout the body are involved in the control of behavior A. 1 billion B. 1 trillion C. 5 million D. 50 million

B. 1 trillion

Alison has developed an interest in the ways in which the biological structures and functions of the body affect behavior. She will most likely become an: A. Genetic psychologist B. Behavioral neuroscientist C. Evolutionary psychologist D. Clinical neuropsychologist

B. Behavioral neuroscientist

Which of the following sequences accurately reflects the route followed by nerve impulses when one neuron communicates with another? A. Dendrite-> axon -> cell body B. Dendrite-> cell body-> axon C. Cell body-> axon-> dendrite D. Axon-> dendrite-> cell body

B. Dendrite-> cell body-> axon

Neurons are physically held in place by_____ A. Axons B. Glial cells C. Dendrites D. Myelin cells

B. Glial cells

Which of the following statements regarding inhibitory messages is TRUE? A. Inhibitory messages always increase the likelihood that a receiving neuron will fire B. Inhibitory messages decrease the likelihood that a receiving neuron will fire C. The dendrites of a neuron cannot receive both excitatory and inhibitory messages simultaneously D.Inhibitory messages make it more likely that an action potential will travel down its axon

B. Inhibitory messages decrease the likelihood that a receiving neuron will fire

____ are specialized neurons that fire are not only when a person enacts a particular behavior, but also when a person simply observes another individual carrying out the same behavior. A. Pharyngeal motorneuron B. Mirror neurons C. Ventral cord motor neuron D. Amphid neurons

B. Mirror neurons

Regarding action potentials, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. As the impulse travels along the axon, the movement of ions causes a change in charge from positive to neutral in successive sections of the axon B. The action potential moves from one of the axon to the other like a flame moving along a fuse. C. After the impulse has passed through a particular section of the axon, negative ions are pumped out of that section, and its charge returns to positive while the action potential continues to move along the axon. D. Just after an action potential has passed through a section of the axon, a neuron can fire again immediately if it receives appropriate stimulation.

B. The action potential moves from one of the axon to the other like a flame moving along a fuse.

Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of the glial cells? A. They nourish nerve cells B. They communicate messages within the nervous system C. They help repair damage that might occur to neurons D. They provide nourishment to neurons

B. They communicate messages within the nervous system

Psychologists who specialize in considering the ways in which the biological structures and functions of the body affect behavior are known as_____ A. Genetic psychologists B. biopsychologists C. Evolutionary psychologists D. Clinical neuropsychologists

B. biopsychologists

The rule that neurons are either on or off is known as the ___ law A. Intensity of stimulus B. Graded action C. All-or none D. Incremental transformational

C. All-or none

Which of the following structures is especially important for carrying messages received by the dendrites to other neurons? A. Neurotransmitter B. Synapse C. Axon D. Glial cell

C. Axon

As an action potential occurs, the neuron's electrical charge: A. Changes from negative to neutral B. Changes from positive to neutral C. Changes from negative to positive D. Changes from positive to negative

C. Changes from negative to positive

The basic elements of the nervous system are called: A. Axons B. Glial cells C. Neurons D. Neurotransmitters

C. Neurons

You cannot fire a gun softly, or flush a toilet halfway. Like an action potential, gun fire and a toilet's flush follow the _____ law. A. Incremental transformation B. Graded action C. all-or-none D. Intensity of stimulus

C. all-or-none

Terminal buttons are found at the end of: A. Neurotransmitter B. Dendrites C.Axons D. Glial cells

C.Axons

A cluster of fibers at one end of a neuron that receives messages from other neurons is called: A. Axon B. Terminal button C. Glial fiber D. Dendrite

D. Dendrite

A synapse is an: A. Chemical B. Signal C. Joint D. Gap

D. Gap

An axon is an: A. Neuron's cell body B. Cluster of fibers at one end of a neuron C. Support cell in the nervous system D. Long, slim, tubelike structure extending from a neuron

D. Long, slim, tubelike structure extending from a neuron

Regarding mirror neurons, which of the following statements is ACCURATE? A. Mirror neurons are involved in face recognition and language acquisition, but not in empathy B. Mirror neurons are involved in empathy and face recognition, but not in language acquisition C. Mirror neurons are involved in empathy, language acquisition, and face recognition D. Mirror neurons are involved in empathy and language acquisition but in face recognition

D. Mirror neurons are involved in empathy and language acquisition but in face recognition

The state in which there is a negative electrical charge of about - 70 millivolts within a neuron is known as the ___ state. A. Triggering B. Terminal C. Optimum D. Resting

D. Resting