psychology chapter 2 quiz

The branch of psychology that is focused on understanding the internal physical events and processes that correspond with our mental processes and behavior is called A. Biological psychology B. Clinical psychology C. Cognitive psychology D. Forensic psychology

A. Biological psychology

he most common form of communication between neurons is A. Chemical B. Hormonal C. Electrical D. Magnetic

A. Chemical

The hippocampus plays a key role in A. Forming new memories B. Emotional responses, including fear, anger, and disgust C. Survival behavior, including eating and drinking D. Regulating sleep and wakefulness

A. Forming new memories

Which parts of the body have the greatest representation on the primary motor cortex? A. Hands and facial muscles B. Leg and arm muscles C. Head and neck muscles D. Chest and back muscles

A. Hands and facial muscles

The endocrine system involves communication by chemical messengers called ___________, which circulate through the __________. A. Hormones; bloodstream B. Hormones; cerebrospinal fluid C. Endorphins; nervous system D. Neurotransmitters; spinal cord

A. Hormones; bloodstream

The primary function of the myelin sheath is to A. Insulate the axon and increase the speed at which neurons convey their message B. Provide support and nutrition to the dendrites C. Reduce the speed of neurotransmitters crossing the synaptic gap D. Inhibit the opening and closing of ion channels on the axon's membrane

A. Insulate the axon and increase the speed at which neurons convey their message

How does cocaine achieve its effects A. It interferes with the reuptake of dopamine B. It mimics serotonin C. It mimics dopamine D. It blocks the reuptake of endorphin

A. It interferes with the reuptake of dopamine

Which of the following drugs is chemically similar to the endorphins A. Morphine B. Botox C. L-dopa D. Curare

A. Morphine

Synaptic vesicles contain A. Neurotransmitters B. Receptors C. Ions D. Hormones

A. Neurotransmitters

Information from specialized cells in the sense organs is conveyed to the brain by A. Sensory Nuerons B. Motor Neurons C. Glial Cells D. Hormones

A. Sensory Nuerons

The three basic types of neurons are A. Sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons B. Glial cells, nodes of Ranvier, and myelin C. Excitatory neurons, inhibitory neurons, and interneurons D. Dendritic neurons, axonal neurons, and body neurons

A. Sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons

___________ convey information about the environment from the sense organs to the brain, and ______________ communicate information to the muscles and glands A. Sensory neurons; motor neurons B. Excitatory neurons; inhibitory neurons C. Interneurons; glial cells D. Motor neurons; sensory neurons

A. Sensory neurons; motor neurons

The two main subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system are the ____________ nervous system and the ___________ nervous system A. Somatic; autonomic B. Autonomic; sympathetic C. Parasympathetic; somatic D. Sympathetic; parasympathetic

A. Somatic; autonomic

The action potential is best defined as A. The ability of a motor neuron to either contract or relax a muscle group B. A brief electrical impulse that transmits information along the axon of a neuron C. The amount of serotonin that can cross the axon's membrane D. The +3 to +7 volt capacity of a typical motor neuron

B. A brief electrical impulse that transmits information along the axon of a neuron

Phrenology refers to A. The study of brain/endocrine system interactions B. A pseudoscience that related personality characteristics to bumps on the skull C. The scientific study of "phrens" or "phrenetics" D. The historical method of drilling holes in the skull as a treatment for brain disease and mental illness

B. A pseudoscience that related personality characteristics to bumps on the skull

The peripheral nervous system is made up of A. Motor neurons B. All nerves lying outside the central nervous system C. The brain D. The brain and the spinal cord

B. All nerves lying outside the central nervous system

In general, the sympathetic nervous system ____________, while the parasympathetic nervous system _____________. A. Transmits sensory information; transmits motor information B. Arouses and mobilizes; maintains and conserves C. Maintains and conserves; arouses and mobilizes D. Transmits motor information; transmits sensory information

B. Arouses and mobilizes; maintains and conserves

________________ are the most abundant cells in the human brain, provide connections between neurons and blood vessels, and are involved in brain development and the communication of information among neurons A. Oligodendrocytes B. Astrocytes C. Microglia D. Schwann Cells

B. Astrocytes

How does communication in the endocrine system differ from communication in the nervous system A. Endocrine system cells can receive messages but cannot transmit messages B. Communication in the endocrine system is slower than communication in the nervous system C. While both inhibitory and excitatory messages can be transmitted by cells in the nervous system, the endocrine system cells can only transmit excitatory messages D. Communication in the nervous system is slower than communication in the endocrine system

B. Communication in the endocrine system is slower than communication in the nervous system

The substantia nigra A. Is the primary communication link between the left and right cerebral hemispheres B. Contains dopamine-producing neurons and is involved in motor control C. Does not fully develop until late adolescence D. Is the region that has shown the greatest degree of neurogenesis in humans

B. Contains dopamine-producing neurons and is involved in motor control

The "All-or-None" law refers to the fact that: A. The resting potential occurs only when the neuron is completely depolarized B. Either the neuron is sufficiently stimulated and an action potential occurs or it is not sufficiently stimulated and the action potential does not occur C. A neurotransmitter is completely reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron or it is dissolved in the synaptic gap D. The myelin sheath either completely covers an axon or it does not

B. Either the neuron is sufficiently stimulated and an action potential occurs or it is not sufficiently stimulated and the action potential does not occur

Neurons are A. Highly specialized cells that produce myelin B. Highly specialized cells that receive and transmit information from one area of the body to another C. Found only in the spinal cord and bone marrow D. Found in primates and humans, but not in other animals

B. Highly specialized cells that receive and transmit information from one area of the body to another

The type of specialized cell whose main function is to communicate between neurons is a(n) A. Motor Neuron B. Interneurons C. Sensory Neuron D. Glial Cell

B. Interneurons

What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid A. It can function as a neurotransmitter in times of severe distress B. It protects the central nervous system from being jarred C. It promotes the release of hormones in the brain D. It is the communication link between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

B. It protects the central nervous system from being jarred

Surrounding and protecting the brain and the spinal cord are three layers of membranous tissues called the A. Ventricles B. Meninges C. Neural stem cells D. Neurons

B. Meninges

The stimulus threshold of the neuron refers to the A. 3-to-1 ratio of positive-to-negative ions required for the neuron to transmite information to the next neuron B. Minimum level of stimulation required to activate a particular neuron C. Positive electrical charge on the neuron's interior just prior to neuron activation D. Minimum level of stimulation required to inhibit a neuron from firing

B. Minimum level of stimulation required to activate a particular neuron

The phrase white matter in the brain refers to A. Unmyelinated axons, glial cells, and cell bodies B. Myelinated axons C. Neurons that manufacture endorphins D. The large spaces on the interior of the brain called ventricles

B. Myelinated axons

The scientific study of the nervous system is called A. Neuronscience B. Neuroscience C. Psychophysics D. Neurology

B. Neuroscience

Like a key in a lock, the shape of the __________ must fit the __________ to affect the postsynaptic neuron A. Cell body; axon terminal B. Neurotransmitter; receptor site C. Synaptic vesicle; receptor site D. Dendrite; axon terminal

B. Neurotransmitter; receptor site

The two main divisions of the nervous system are the _________ and the ___________. A. Autonomic nervous system; somatic nervous system B. Peripheral nervous system; central nervous system C. Brain; spinal cord D. Central nervous system; autonomic nervous system

B. Peripheral nervous system; central nervous system

Which of the following represents the sequence of ion movements that causes an action potential A. Sodium ions move out of the axon and then potassium ions move into the axon B. Sodium ions move into the axon and then potassium ions move out of the axon C. Potassium ions move out of the dendrite and then sodium ions move into the axon D. Sodium ions move out of the axon and then potassium ions move into the dendrite

B. Sodium ions move into the axon and then potassium ions move out of the axon

The two main subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system are the ____________ nervous system and the __________ nervous system. A. Autonomic; sympathetic B. Somatic; autonomic C. Sympathetic; parasympathetic D. Parasympathetic; somatic

B. Somatic; autonomic

The presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron are separated by a tiny, fluid-filled space called the: A, Ion Channel B. Synaptic Gap C. Myelin Sheath D. Node of Ranvier

B. Synaptic Gap

The part of the neuron that carries messages to other cells in the body is the A. Nucleus B. Reticular formation C. Axon D. Dendrite

C. Axon

A neuron may have thousands of _______________, but can only have one ________________. A. Node of Ranvier; synaptic vesicle B. Cell bodies; dendrite C. Dendrites; axon D. Axons; dendrite

C. Dendrites; axon

Most of the neurons in the human nervous system are A. Glial Cells B. Sensory neurons C. Interneurons D. Motor neurons

C. Interneurons

The brain's ability to change function and structure is referred to as A. Synaptic transmission B. Neurogenesis C. Neuroplasticity D. Cortical Localization

C. Neuroplasticity

Which part of the neuron receives messages from other neurons A. The axon B. The sodium ion membrane C. The dentrites D. The nucleus

C. The dentrites

When a neuron is polarized A. An action potential will travel down the dendrites causing the release of neurotransmitters B. The electrical charge across the neuron's membrane is balanced with the same charge outside as inside C. The interior of the neuron is more negatively charged than the exterior fluid surrounding the neuron D. The exterior fluid surrounding the neuron is more negatively charged than the interior of the neuron

C. The interior of the neuron is more negatively charged than the exterior fluid surrounding the neuron

Information is transmitted along the axon A. At the speed of light B. By glial cells C. By chemical substances called neurotransmitters D. In the form of a brief electrical impluse

D. In the form of a brief electrical impluse

Which best describes the surface of the cerebral cortex A. A rounded, semicircular mass of white matter B. Smooth, pinkish tissue, well-endowed with blood vessels C. Darkly pigmented tissue bisected by a single deep fissure D. Numerous folds, wrinkles, bulges, ridges, and valleys

D. Numerous folds, wrinkles, bulges, ridges, and valleys

A gymnast knows where her arms and legs are as she does her tumbling routine because information from her muscles and joints is relayed to her ____________ lobe. A. Occipital B. Temporal C. Frontal D. Parietal

D. Parietal

The primary communication link between the left and right cerebral hemispheres is called A. The hypothalamus B. Brocca's area C. The hippocampus D. The corpus callosum

D. The corpus callosum

Which of the following best defines neurogenesis A.The influence of neurons on the formation of new genes B. The first neuron to generate an action potential C. The influence of genes on the firing rate of neurons D. The development of new neurons

D. The development of new neurons

The popularity of phrenology triggered scientific interest in which of the following A. The development of medications to treat severe mental disorders B. The ideal that the brain's left hemisphere might be specialized for language functions C. Cutting the corpus callosum to reduce epileptic seizures D. The idea that specific psychological and mental functions are located in specific brain areas

D. The idea that specific psychological and mental functions are located in specific brain areas

Which gland directly regulates the production of hormones in other endocrine glands A. The pancreas B. The adrenal gland C. The thyroid gland D. The pituitary gland

D. The pituitary gland