Psychology Chapter 3 Inquisitive Questions

Sigmund Freud was one of the first psychologists to propose that unconscious processes influence people's behavior. Identify the statements that accurately characterize Freud's beliefs about the unconscious mind.

-Freud believed that unconscious mental forces could produce psychological disorders. -Freud's views on the unconscious influenced how psychologists view levels of consciousness.

Match each term about awareness with its corresponding example. 1.) Automatic Processing 2.) Subliminal Perception 3.) Consciousness 4.) Controlled Processing

1.) A musician plays her guitar while talking with a friend about a passerby in the park 2.) John hums a tune while he is driving, not realizing that he is humming it because it relates to a billboard he passed a minute earlier 3.) On her country walk, Christine is aware of hearing the singing birds and the wind in the trees 4.) The pilot carefully checked all of his equipment before takeoff

Match each type of altered consciousness with its corresponding example. 1.) Religious ecstasy 2.) Concentrative meditation 3.) Mindfulness meditation 4.) Hypnosis 5.) Flow activity 6.) Escapist activity

1.) After ingesting peyote. Jacobs feel euphoric and feels the boundary between his ego and the rest of the universe dissolve. 2.) Paula focuses her attention on her breath while sitting quietly. 3.) David sits quietly observing his thoughts without reacting to them or pursuing them. 4.) Margaret is in a highly suggestible state. She follows instructions and performs actions as directed. 5.) When Sami is concentrated on writing music, she loses track of time and feels fulfilled. 6.) Instead of doing her homework, Sally watches six episodes of a TV comedy.

Match each brain hemisphere with its dominant function. 1.) Right Hemisphere 2.) Left Hemisphere

1.) Good at spatial relationships 2.) Dominant for processing language In a split-brain patient, makes up reasons to explain decisions of the opposite hemisphere Functions as an interpreter to construct a world that makes sense

Match each sleep disorder with its main symptom. 1.) Insomnia 2.) Somnambulism 3.) Narcolepsy 4.) REM Behavior Disorder 5.) Sleep Apnea

1.) Janet lies awake for hours, unable to fall asleep 2.) An hour after he tucked her in bed, 10-year-old Anna's father discovered her, glassy-eyed and unaware, opening the front door and stepping outside. 3.) Sundil was worried when his date seemed to suddenly fall asleep and went completely limp 4.) While dreaming that he was being attacked by zombies, Joseph flailed his arms wildly, striking his pillow. 5.) Bruce's wife complains that he snores loudly during sleep, repeatedly wakes up to breathe, and is sleepy during the day

Place each type of brain wave activity in the correct stage of sleep on the figure. 1). Beta Waves 2.) Alpha Waves 3.) Theta Waves 4.) K-Complex 5.) Delta Waves 6.) Beta Waves

1.) Normal Waking State (Alert Wakefulness) 2.) Just Before Sleep 3.) Stage 1 4.) Stage 2 5.) Stage 3/4 6.) REM

Match each term about sleep with its definition. 1.) Circadian Rhythms 2.) Hypothalamus 3.) Adrenal Gland 4.) Pineal Gland

1.) Our natural daily patterns of walking and sleep 2.) Responds to decreasing daylight by stimulating another brain area to secrete melatonin 3.) ---- 4.) Secretes melatonin when stimulated by another brain area

In an experiment, a person with a split brain is shown a leaf in his left visual field and a rose in his right visual field. If he is asked to respond to what he sees, match each object with how he will behave. 1.) Leaf 2.) Rose

1.) Pick up with left hand. Processed by right hemisphere. 2.) Verbally reported seeing it. Processed by left hemisphere.

Match the drug classes with their effects on the brain and body. 1.) Opiates 2.) Depressants 3.) Stimulants 4.) Hallucinogens

1.) Relieve pain and produce euphoria 2.) Decrease physical activity and mental processes 3.) Increase physical activity and mental processes 4.) Alter perceptions and thoughts

Match each term related to drug use with its corresponding example. 1.) Tolerance 2.) Addiction 3.) Withdrawal

1.) Robert started drinking two glasses of wine a day, and now he needs four glasses to get the same effect 2.) Brian could not get through his shift without a cigarette break 3.) When Paula stopped drinking coffee, she felt shaky and developed a headache

Sheila and Gene went on a bird-watching hike. Match the areas of their brains that made them aware of each of the things they experienced, according to the global workspace model. 1.) Primary Motor Complex 2.) Temporal Lobe 3.) Occipital Lobe 4.) Parietal Lobe 5.) Prefrontal Cortex

1.) Sheila walked slower because the terrain had become uneven 2.) Gene heard a new bird call 3.) Sheila saw a bird she had never seen before 4.) Gene realized a bird was in a tree to his right 5.) Sheila and Gene planned out which trails to take

Identify the following as either qualities of REM behavior disorder or somnambulism. 1.) Occurs during slow-wave sleep 2.) Most often seen in young children 3.) Associated with neurological deficit 4.) Most often seen in elderly males 5.) Usually occurs early in the night

1.) Somnambulism 2.) Somnambulism 3.) REM behavior disorder 4.) REM behavior disorder 5.) Somnambulism

Match each term about awareness with its definition. 1.) Consciousness 2.) Subliminal Perception 3.) Automatic Processing 4.) Controlled Processing

1.) Subjective experience of the world 2.) Processing experiences without awareness 3.) Activity that can be performed using automatic processes 4.) Activity that requires careful, controlled processes

The global workspace model holds that consciousness is a result of different parts of the brain being active. Identify how each of the different brain areas play a role in awareness. 1.) "I hear things." 2.) "I understand plans." 3.) "I see things." 4.) "I'm all about movement." 5.) "I'm aware of space"

1.) Temporal Lobe 2.) Prefrontal Cortex 3.) Occipital Lobe 4.) Primary Motor Complex 5.) Parietal Lobe

Match the dream theories and terms with their definitions. 1.) Manifest Content 2.) Activation-Synthesis Theory 3.) Freud's Theory of Dreams 4.) REM Dreams 5.) Non-REM Dreams 6.) Latent Content

1.) The literal content of a dream 2.) Dreams are caused by random neural firings combined with memories 3.) Dreams can be used to access unconscious conflicts 4.) Illogical, bizarre and highly visual experiences when asleep 5.) The experience of mundane, dull, everyday events when asleep 6.) What a dream symbolizes

Match the drug classes with their effects on users. 1.) Depressant 2.) Opiate 3.) Hallucinogenic 4.) Stimulant

1.) Tom is relaxed and feels that he is less anxious. He has trouble with motor coordination. 2.) Peggy is experiencing no pain and feels a sense of euphoria 3.) Aviva feels as if time has slowed to a crawl. The furniture seems to be turning into animals 4.) Romeo feels a burst of energy, decreased fatigue, and decreased need for sleep

Identify each description as relating to either objective or subjective consciousness. 1.) Choosing the chair that feels most comfortable to you 2.) Recognizing that something you are seeing is a chair 3.) Knowing that knives are used to cut 4.) Having a reaction to a piece of art

1.)Subjective Consciousness 2.) Objective Consciousness 3.) Objective 4.) Subjective

Identify the following ideas as relating to either activation-synthesis theory or Freudian theory.

Activation-Synthesis Theory: Dreams are caused by random neuron firings. The limbic system is responsible for dreams' emotional content. Deactivation of the frontal cortices is responsible for dreams' illogical character. Freudian Theory: There are underlying motivations that are expressed in dreams. Dreams include manifest and latent content. Dreams are a way to understand a person's personality.

Place the brain waves in order from fastest to slowest.

Beta Alpha Theta Delta

The constantly changing levels of awareness and focus we experience, as well as how it is linked to activity in the brain, refers to what idea?

Consciousness

Which of the following could be effects of two to three days of sleep deprivation?

Correct Answers: Ben finds himself falling asleep for a couple seconds at a time throughout the day Joni got easy exam questions wrong even though she studied Ashleigh is irritable and moody for no apparent reason Jasper catches a virus that has been going around the office Incorrect Answers: Errol can't lift as much weight at the gym as he is used to doing Jacob has trouble backing his car down his driveway

MDMA, sold in pill form as ecstasy or Molly, has been popular at nightclubs and raves since the 1990s. What are the effects of this drug?

Correct Answers: Boost of energy Slight hallucinations Memory impairment from long-term use Incorrect Answers: Better ability to perform complex tasks from long-term use Feeling of contentment when it wears off

Arnie is a counselor for at-risk youth and finds that many of the teens engage in petty crime or drug use in order to escape stressors and frustrations they are facing. Arnie's psychological training has taught him that in order to address the teens' tendency to avoid frustrations, it is best to generate alternative escapes that are healthy and positive. Which of the following activities could be used to achieve Arnie's goal of providing healthy escapes?

Correct Answers: Introducing Meditation Starting a music appreciation group Starting a cycling group Incorrect Answers: Holding a group session to discuss stressors and frustrations

According to research, what are the benefits to practicing meditation?

Correct Answers: Reduced stress levels Improved attention Reduced blood lipids Reduced blood pressure Incorrect Answers: Improved reflexes Increased bone density

What are the adaptive functions of sleep?

Correct Answers: Repairing damage Hiding during times of danger Facilitating learning Incorrect Answers: Allowing the heart and lungs to rest Shutting off the brain

Identify the reasons why research on split-brain patients is valuable.

Correct Answers: Researchers can better understand what brain functions occur in which specific hemisphere. It helps us improve our understanding of language function. Researchers can better understand the importance of relaying information between hemispheres in the brain. Researchers can better understand those brain areas that are located in one hemisphere, but serve both. Incorrect Answers: It is common

Identify the examples that support the restorative theory that sleep is beneficial.

Correct Answers: Tamika, upon becoming pregnant, sleeps more than she used to Nine year old Xavier, in the middle of a growth spurt, sleeps a lot every night When Phyllis fractured her ankle, she took extra naps during the day and slept through the night Incorrect Answers: Nigella finds that she does better on exams if she makes sure she is getting enough sleep in the weeks before Jacques has a cinema class in the evening. He finds it difficult to stay awake in the dark campus theater when the film starts

What is happening during REM sleep?

Correct Answers: The brain produces beta waves The eyes dart around Most muscles are paralyzed Portions of the brain are more active than they are when we are awake. Incorrect Answers: The brain produces sleep spindles. The brain produces delta waves Brain activity is at its slowest You dream about predictable, everyday events.

What is happening during stage N3 sleep?

Correct: -The brain produces delta waves. -The brain is in slow-wave sleep. -The mind evaluates the environment for potential danger. -People are mostly unaware of the external environment. Incorrect: -The brain produces theta waves. -The mind produces mostly bizarre dreams. -People are easily wakened.

Jorge has trouble sleeping. Which of the following strategies may help Jorge improve the quality of his sleep?

Correct: -exercising regularly in the late afternoon -muting his phone notifications before he goes to bed -writing down what he is worried about on a notepad Incorrect: -having a "nightcap" glass of scotch -making sure he checks his text messages and social media before bed -concentrating on trying to fall asleep -catching up on missed sleep by sleeping as late as possible on weekends

Imagine you are considering going strawberry picking. You have never picked strawberries before. Identify each experience as either an objective or a subjective experience.

Subjective experience -your opinion of strawberry picking -whether you like the taste of strawberries -thinking about strawberry picking Objective -the current cost of strawberries

Identify the true and false statements about subliminal information.

Subliminal information can affect the associations we have with words. People will try to rationalize responses that were influenced by subliminal processing. People who are susceptible to certain cues show more activity in brain reward regions when they unconsciously see those cues.

Identify the true and false statements about how sleep facilitates learning, according to the consolidation theory of sleep.

True Statements: -For consolidating information, dreaming about the information is helpful. -Sleep spindles are associated with memory consolidation. False Statements: -One night of sleep deprivation has little effect on learning. -During sleep, neural connections are loosened in preparation for later "rewiring."

Identify the true and false statements about marijuana.

True Statements: It suppresses nausea in chemotherapy patients It produces perceptual and cognitive distortions It increases the sensitivity of the sense of taste False Statements: It gives first-time users experience a stronger "high" than frequent users It has no adverse consequences for long-term health

Identify the true and false statements about how sleep facilitates learning, according to the consolidation theory of sleep.

True Statements: The brain is in slow-wave sleep. The brain produces delta waves. People are mostly disconnected from the external environment. The mind evaluates the environment for threats. False Statements: People are easily wakened. The mind produces mostly bizarre dreams. The brain produces theta waves.

Imagine you are a person who has had their corpus callosum severed: a person with a "split brain." You see a pickpocket steal someone's wallet on the bus. However, because the bus is crowded, you only saw the pickpocket with your left eye. What kind of reaction might you have? a.) Point at the pickpocket with your right hand b.) Point at the pickpocket with your left hand c.) Yell, "stop, that man's a thief!" d.) Explain the pickpocket's appearance to a police sketch artist

b.) Point at the pickpocket with your left hand

Match each term to its idea of consciousness.

the view that the processing of information in the brain gives rise to conscious experiencematerialism Correct label: materialism the view that the mind is distinct from the braindualism Correct label: dualism our moment-to-moment subjective experience of the worldconsciousness Correct label: consciousness the theory that specific conscious experiences depend on the specific brain circuits that are activeglobal workspace model Correct label: global workspace model