Psychology Chapter 6

Psychologists first learned about the hippocampus's involvement in memory through the detailed study of a single individual with brain damage, namely Henry Molaison (H.M.). H.M. suffered from:

anterograde amnesia.

Sarah witnessed a hit and run and immediately called 911 from her cell phone. She provided almost all the details regarding the vehicle that caused the accident, except the license plate number, because she did not pay enough attention to it. Sarah's failure to provide the license plate number is MOST likely due to _____ failure.

encoding

The textbook describes the case of Henry Molaison, also known as H.M. After brain surgery, H.M. suffered severe anterograde amnesia. This means that H.M. had difficulty:

creating new long-term memories.

Janna is puzzling over a fill-in-the-blank question on a sociology test. Answering the question correctly requires Janna to use her _____ memory.

explicit

Working memory is MOST nearly analogous to a:

file on a computer hard drive that is under process.

The phenomenon of _____ imagery is fairly similar to what people commonly call "photographic memory."

eidetic

According to Strayer and Watson (March, 2012), compared with drunkenness, talking on a cell phone:

impairs driving to about the same extent.

Memories of which a person is not consciously aware are called _____ memories.

implicit

_____ is Miller's name for grouping pieces of information together into meaningful subsets to expand the capacity of short-term memory.

Chunking

_____ amnesia involves an inability to retrieve old memories.

Retroactive

According to the National Institute on Aging (2013), Alzheimer's disease affects as many as _____ million Americans.

5

The central executive is a component of _______________memory.

Working

Aplysia is:

a sea slug.

Jerome cannot open his term paper on his computer because the file has become corrupt. Kaci cannot find her term paper on her computer because of all the other documents she has stored on the hard drive. Jerome's failure to retrieve his paper is analogous to memory _____, whereas Kaci's failure better resembles _____.

decay; encoding failure

______________________ result from twisted protein fibers inside brain cells

neurofibrillary tangles

"Dog food, coffee, paper towels." Michelle's roommate begins reciting items into the phone as she gets into her car; Michelle is supposed to stop by the store on the way home. The roommate continues to list a few more items. Finally, he wraps with, "Coffee creamer, spaghetti sauce, dish soap, and iced tea mix." Michelle forgets a few things, but the spaghetti sauce, dish soap, and iced tea mix are in the bag. Her memory for these items reflects the _____ effect.

recency

Omar experienced a dissociative fugue state. He suddenly snapped out of it in front of a pet-supplies display in a Boise, Idaho, discount store; he had no memory whatsoever of his previous life in Greensboro, North Carolina. Omar's amnesia is BEST described as:

retrograde.

Which stage in the information-processing model of memory comes FIRST?

sensory memory

An acronym helps recall because it is easier to remember an acronym than a long string of information. Thus, acronyms help circumvent the capacity limitations of _____ memory.

short-term

One of Ebbinghaus' key findings was that.

there is a steep forgetting curve.