Psychology Chapter 7

Lauren is gifted in the area of body movement. Her ability to balance and coordinate her body's movement enables her to do well in basketball, baseball, and field hockey. Which area of intelligence does this exemplify? A. bodily kinesthetic B. intrapersonal C. logical-mathematical D. spatial

bodily kinesthetic

Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language? A. grammar B. lexicon C. morpheme D. phonem

lexicon

A ________ is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning. A. letter B. morpheme C. phoneme D. phonic

morpheme

Aram is proficient in playing a number of instruments and can easily learn new songs and rhythms. This exemplifies ________ intelligence. A. linguistic B. logical-mathematical C. musical D. spatial

musical

An anchoring bias occurs when you focus on ________. A. direct experience versus indirect experience B. empirical knowledge versus personal opinion C. one piece of information versus all of the information D. personal opinion versus empirical knowledge

one piece of information versus all of the information

A(an) ________ is a basic sound unit of a given language. A. audio B. morpheme C. phoneme D. syntax

phoneme

The measurement of psychological traits and abilities is referred to as A. psychometrics. B. standardized testing. C. achievement testing. D. percentile ranking.

psychometrics

From a psychological perspective, the term cognition means ________. A. determining B. processing C. thinking D. understanding

thinking

A(an) ________ schema is also known as a cognitive script. A. artificial B. event C. mental D. role

event

Niaz's car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. This exemplifies ________. A. anchoring bias B. availability heuristic C. hindsight bias D. representational bias

hindsight bias

Which term describes a communication system that uses systematic rules to organize words to transmit information from one individual to another? A. concept B. language C. prototype D. schemata

language

According to Robert Sternberg, _____ is best described as the ability to use information to address real world problems. A. analytical intelligence B. creative intelligence C. practical intelligence D. general intelligence

Practical intelligence

Who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence? A. Charles Spearman B. Howard Gardner C. Raymond Cattell D. Robert Sternberg

Robert Sternberg

Which of the following is a key advantage to using a standardized test? A. The test can be tailored to individual test takers. B. Test takers know what information they will be tested on before taking the test. C. Standardization allows results to be compared across individuals. D. There are no advantages to standardized tests.

Standardization allows results to be compared across individuals

Tasks that require you to compare, contrast, or evaluate are using the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence. A. academic B. analytical C. creative D. practical

analytical

Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies ________ bias. A. anchoring B. confirmation C. hindsight D. representational

confirmation

Raymond Cattell was a psychologist who ________. A. believed intelligence consisted of one general factor, called g B. developed Multiple Intelligences Theory C. developed triarchic theory of intelligence D. divided intelligence into two components

divided intelligence into two components

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for? A. anchoring bias B. functional fixedness C. hindsight bias D. representative bias

functional fixedness

According to Spearman, it is one's ________ intelligence that produces the positive correlations found between math, Reading scores, and visual perception tests. A. general B. emotional C. crystallized D. fluid

general

The fact that English grammar dictates that most verbs end in-ed to indicate past tense is an example of the ________ component of language. A. grammar B. lexicon C. syntax D. thesaurus

grammar

In Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory, ________ intelligence and ________ intelligence are often combined into a single type: emotional intelligence. A. interpersonal; intrapersonal B. intrapersonal; naturalist C. logical-mathematical; interpersonal D. musical; linguistic

interpersonal; intrapersonal

A test that is classified as a "valid" measure is one that A. measures what it is intended to measure. B. produces repeatable scores over time. C. allows for comparison across groups of people. D. produces both repeatable scores and measures what it is intended to measure.

measures what it is intended to measure

A(an) ________ involves approaching a problem in a way that has worked in the past, but it is clearly no longer working. A. anchoring bias B. functional fixedness C. mental set D. trial and error

mental set

Schemata are a(an) ________. A. example of the brain's ability to form prototypes B. means of sublimating frustration C. method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently D. source of emotional content for the brain

method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently.

The average score on an IQ test is 100. In modern IQ testing, one standard deviation is 15 points. Someone with an IQ of 115 would be described as________. A. one standard deviation above the mean B. one standard deviation below the mean C. two standard deviations above the mean D. 15 points above the average

one standard deviation above the mean

A(an) ________ is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts. A. idea B. paradigm C. prototype D. schema

schema

Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words? A. interpretation B. language C. semantics D. syntax

sematics

Sensations and information are received by our brains, filtered through emotions and memories, and processed to become ________. A. actions B. chemicals C. subconscious D. thoughts

thoughts

If intelligence is determined primarily by heredity, which pair should show the highest correlation between IQ scores? A. fraternal twins B. identical twins C. brothers and sisters D. parents and children

identical twins

The average score on most IQ tests is A. 15. B. 100. C. 150. D. 500.

100

Who has the highest IQ? A. Clarissa, with a mental age of 9 and a chronological age of 9. B. Matt, with a mental age of 9 and a chronological age of 10. C. Cecilee, with a mental age of 9 and a chronological age of 7. D. Morgan, with a mental age of 7 and a chronological age of 7.

Cecilee, with a mental age of 9 and a chronological age of 7

Who was the inventor of statistical technique called factor analysis, a method that compares results of different correlational measures to identify patterns, or "factors" among them? A. Alfred Binet B. Henri Simon C. Sir Francis Galton D. Charles Spearman

Charles spearman

Which of the following statements about Charles Spearman is false? A. He believed intelligence consisted of a general factor called g. B. He believed intelligence could be measured and compared between individuals. C. He divided intelligence into two components: crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence. D. He focused on the commonalities among various intellectual abilities and de-emphasized what made each unique.

He divided intelligence into two components: crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence.

The word ________ is both a morpheme and a phoneme. A. Bob B. I C. thump D. you

I

The formula which uses chronological age (CA) and mental age (MA) to calculate the intelligence quotient is: A. MA ÷ CA × 100. B. CA ÷ MA × 100. C. (MA × CA) ÷ 100. D. 100 ÷ (MA + CA).

MA ÷ CA × 100

A score on an intelligence test with a percentile rank of .30 indicates that A. The score is two standard deviations above the mean. B. The score is two standard deviations below the mean. C. 30% of the population score below a given score D. 30% of the population score above a given score.

30% of the population score below a given score

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "A prototype is a category or grouping of linguistic information, objects, ideas, or life experiences." A. The word "category" should be changed to the word "type." B. The word "linguistic" should be changed to the word "emotional." C. The word "prototype" should be changed to the word "concept." D. The words "objects" and "ideas" should be eliminated.

The word "prototype" should be changed to the word "concept."

Which of the following kinds of items would most likely be found on a culture-free IQ test? A. visual pattern completion B. sentence completion C. vocabulary recognition D. general information

Visual pattern completion

A test is said to be reliable if A. a person's score on a test is pretty much the same every time he or she takes it. B. it contains an adequate sample of the skills it is supposed to measure. C. its results agree with a more direct measure of what the test is designed to predict. D. it is culture-free.

a person's score on a test is pretty much the same every time he or she takes it

Navigating your way home through an unfamiliar route due to road construction would draw upon your ________ intelligence. A. analytic B. common sense C. crystallized D. fluid

fluid