Psychology Chapter 7 In Class Test - Stephen Kittrell

2.) Which of the following statements about Howard Gardner is False? A. He believed discussing IQ as standard deviations from average was inaccurate. B. He developed a theory in which each person possesses at least eight intelligences. C. He developed Multiple Intelligences Theory. D. He was a former student of Erik Erikson.

A. He believed discussing IQ as standard deviations from average was inaccurate.

22.) The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to ________. A. analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast B. produce new products or ideas and invent novel solutions to a problem C. provide correct or established answers to a problem D. think outside the box to arrive at novel solutions to a problem

A. analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast

15.) Why are event schemata difficult to change? They are ________. A. automatic B. concepts C. diverse D. stereotypes

A. automatic

11.) Not all aspects of cognition are ________. A. consciously experienced B. essential features of adult consciousness C. essential features of human consciousness D. exceptionally complex

A. consciously experienced

9.) The fact that English grammar dictates that most verbs end in-ed to indicate past tense is an example of the ________ component of language. A. grammar B. lexicon C. syntax D. thesaurus

A. grammar

4.) Which of the following statements about algorithms is false? A. Algorithms are a problem-solving strategy. B. Algorithms are used frequently in our everyday lives. C. Algorithms involve a step-by-step problem-solving formula. D. Working backwards is an example of an algorithm.

B. Algorithms are used frequently in our everyday lives.

6.) The word ________ is both a morpheme and a phoneme. A. Bob B. I C. thump D. you

B. I

7.) Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies ________ bias. A. anchoring B. confirmation C. hindsight D. representational

B. confirmation

24.) A(an) ________ schema is also known as a cognitive script. A. artificial B. event C. mental D. role

B. event

25.) What is confirmation bias? A. believing the event you just experienced was predictable B. focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs C. focusing only on one piece of information when making a decision D. stereotyping someone or something unintentionally

B. focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs

23.) Which term describes a communication system that uses systematic rules to organize words to transmit information from one individual to another? A. concept B. language C. prototype D. schemata

B. language

21.) Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language? A. grammar B. lexicon C. morpheme D. phoneme

B. lexicon

14.) Knowing what a rainbow looks like because you have seen a rainbow is an example of a ________ concept. A. model B. natural C. prototype D. unnatural

B. natural

3.) What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "A prototype is a category or grouping of linguistic information, objects, ideas, or life experiences." A. The word "category" should be changed to the word "type." B. The word "linguistic" should be changed to the word "emotional." C. The word "prototype" should be changed to the word "concept." D. The words "objects" and "ideas" should be eliminated.

C. The word "prototype" should be changed to the word "concept."

12.) The following sentence misuses the word accept: "I'll take all the cupcakes accept the one with cream cheese icing." Which part of language involves knowing the proper use of the word accept? A. concept B. grammar C. lexicon D. prototype

C. lexicon

20.) A(an) ________ involves approaching a problem in a way that has worked in the past, but it is clearly no longer working. A. anchoring bias B. functional fixedness C. mental set D. trial and error

C. mental set

1.) Schemata are a(an) ________. A. example of the brain's ability to form prototypes B. means of sublimating frustration C. method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently D. source of emotional content for the brain

C. method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently

17.) Aram is proficient in playing a number of instruments and can easily learn new songs and rhythms. This exemplifies ________ intelligence. A. linguistic B. logical-mathematical C. musical D. spatial

C. musical

8.) Samara meets a nurse. She immediately assumes he is able to help care for sick people, works long hours, and dispenses advice about illness because her ________ schema suggests that nurses behave this way. A. artificial B. event C. role D. script

C. role

10.) Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words? A. interpretation B. language C. semantics D. syntax

C. semantics

40.) ________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics that are always exhibited, such as what defines different basic shapes.

artificial

39.) Raymond Cattell was a psychologist who _________.

divided intelligence into two components

37.) Niaz's car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. this exemplifies __________.

hindsight bias

31.) Knowing what a dinosaur is because you looked through a book with pictures of dinosaurs and watched the film Jurassic Park is an example of natural concept that was developed through _______ experience.

indirect

33.) Scientist who study cognition are searching for ways to understand how we ________, organize, and utilize our conscious cognitive experiences without being aware of all the unconscious work that are brains are doing.

integrate

29.) In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories: ________ and _______.

natural; artificial

34.) Jake is sympathetic and considerate of his friends' moods. He really identifies with their feeling and readily understands their point of view. He is well-known around campus, and he has great relationships with his classmates and professors. which area of intelligence does the exemplify?

interpersonal

32.) Gonzalo is attempting to open his car door using the auto lock button on his key chain. He pushes the button twice, but his car door does not open. He continues to push the button even though it is likely that the auto lock feature has stopped working, and he will need to open the door manually with his key. This illustrates a ________.

mental set

36.) Mel is an adult who can take care of his basic needs, but he requires oversight while he paints and someone to check on his living conditions daily. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Mel?

severe

35.) Mikel can look at an engineering plan and quickly build a scale model. This exemplifies _______ intelligence.

spatial

38.) From a psychological perspective, the term cognition means ________.

thinking

13.) At what age can babies only discriminate among those phonemes that are used in the language(s) in their environments? A. 1-30 days old B. 6-8 months old C. 9-11 months old D. 12 months old

D. 12 months old

5.) What impact did Genie's early isolation have on her ability to acquire language? She never developed a(an) ________. A. ability to communicate B. ability to speak C. lexicon D. mastery of the grammatical aspects of language

D. mastery of the grammatical aspects of language

26.) Children who live in poverty perform worse on intelligence test because they ______.

Experience more pervasive daily stress, which affects how the brain functions and develops, thus causing a dip in IQ scores

27.) Sensations and information are received by our brains, filtered through emotions and memories, and processed to become ______.

Thoughts

30.) After the first few months of life, babies enter what is known as the _______ stage, during which time the tend to produce single syllables, such as buh-buh, that are repeated over and over.

babbling

42.) A _______ is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning.

morpheme

28.) Illness such as diabetes and stomach cancer kill more than twice the number of Americans than murder or car accidents. However, Zale sees car accidents as more dangerous because he often hears about car accident fatalities on the nightly news, and he doesn't know anyone with diabetes or stomach cancer. Therefore, Zale takes more precautions against car accidents. This exemplifies ________.

Availability Heuristic

16.) Which of the following is an example of an abstract, complex concept? A. categories of psychology B. dog breeds C. patriotism D. types of cars

C. patriotism

18.) A(an) ________ is a basic sound unit of a given language. A. audio B. morpheme C. phoneme D. syntax

C. phoneme

19.) A(an) ________ is the best example, or representation, of a concept. A. amalgamation B. archetype C. prototype D. unification

C. prototype

41.) Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

functional fixedness