Psychology Checkpoints/ Quiz Unit 1

In order to understand the reason for the psychological phenomenon of forgetting traumatic experiences, William James would likely use the approach of...

functionalism

Rocio is continually learning new skills and gaining insights into herself. Although she is not experiencing any distress, she chooses to see a therapist. This primary emphasis on growth is most reflective of which of the following perspectives?

humanistic

Which of the following perspectives suggests that depression is due to the unconscious conflicts and hostile feelings that originate in early childhood?

psychoanalytic

Which approach would be best for testing the hypothesis that the presence of certain odors causes people to gamble more?

Experimental

A negative correlation between two variables means that two factors are totally unrelated

False

A positive correlation is one in which the two variables move in opposite directions; as one factor increases, the other decreases

False

Which of the following is a strength of naturalistic observation?

It minimizes artificiality, which can be a problem in laboratory studies.

Random Sample

Process in which participants are selected randomly from the larger group such that every member has an equal chance of being included in the study

The notion that human behavior is greatly influenced by unconscious thoughts and desires is most consistent with which of the following psychological approaches?

Psychodynamic

Correlational Study

Research strategy that allows precise calculation of how strongly related two factors are to each other

Case Study

Research strategy to explore the many details involved with an individual or individual group

Sample

Selected segment of the population under study

What is the correct chronological order of the following perspectives of psychology, from past to present? Behaviorism Psychoanalysis Structuralism Humanism

Structuralism, Psychoanalysis, Behaviorism, Humanism

A case study is intensive, in-depth investigation of an individual

True

A person displays a set of rare behaviors that psychologists had not known about previously, because nobody had ever shown them before. The best strategy to investigate the nature of those behaviors is

a case study

Clinical researchers are interested in gaining insight into the causes of abnormal behavior. One way that they do this is to delve deeply into the histories of patients with a common diagnosis, interviewing family, friends, teachers, therapists, physicians, babysitters, and others who can provide rich details about the patients' lives. Then, researchers try to see if there are any common themes in the information gathered. What research method does this strategy represent?

case study

A psychologist gives the same test to a class of students at the beginning of the day and again at the end of the school day. The extent to which test scores are similar across the two administrations demonstrates which of the following test properties?

reliability

Introspection, a research tool used by early psychologists, is a technique which involves

self-examination of mental processes

Survey

A questionnare or interview designed to investigate the opinions, behaviors, or characteristics of a particular group

Which of the following studies is from an evolutionary perspective?

A study to see if women were more attracted to men who liked children than men who did not like children

What is the best way to ensure that results of a study are generalizable to a population?

By using a random selection of people in that population

In an experiment to test the effects of hunger on aggressive behavior, aggressive behavior would be the

dependent variable

It is important for researchers to use precise operational definitions when...

they want to be able to replicate the experiment

Which of the following is a statistical approach concerned with forming conclusions about the effect of the independent variable on variations in the dependent variable?

Inferential

Representative Sample

Selected segment of a population that very closely parallels the larger group being studies on relevant characteristics

A correlation coefficient is a numerical indication of the magnitude and direction of the relationship between two variables

True

Naturalistic observation is the systematic observation and recording of behaviors as they occur in their natural setting

True

According to one theory of psychology, many people have mental illnesses because their maladaptive behaviors have proven rewarding for them in the past and thus have been continued. This belief is consistent with which of the following models?

behavioral

Although Paul seems bright and capable to his parents and friends, he has been failing in school. Paul agrees to speak with a psychologist, who suggests that his problems stem from internal processes such as unrealistic expectations and negative thinking. The psychologist's view is typical of which of the following models of behavior?

cognitive

According to Edward Titchener, the focus of scientific psychology should be on...

conscious experience

Drawing a random sample of people from a town for an interview study of social attitudes ensures that

each person in the town has the same probability of being chosen for the study

Which of the following psychological approaches suggests that jealousy might serve an adaptive function in protecting a sexual relationship from threats?

evolutionary

An important difference between humanistic and psychoanalytic approaches is that humanistic psychologists believe in the importance of

free will

A survey shows that children who have encyclopedias in their homes earn better grades in school than children whose homes lack encyclopedias. The researcher concludes that having encyclopedias at home improves grades. This conclusion is erroneous primarily because the researcher has incorrectly

inferred causation from correlation

The technique used by structuralists to study the "mind" involved asking individuals to describe in detail their feelings, thoughts, and perceptions of certain experiences. This technique is referred to as...

introspection

In studying the behavior of five year olds in freeplay situations, a cognitive psychologist would be most interested in the children's...

problem-solving strategies

In developmental psychology, one advantage of cross-sectional over longitudinal studies is that cross-sectional research

requires relatively little time

Which of the following perspectives would state that a person's sense of independence may be in part influence by existing in an individualistic society, like America.

sociocultural

In a recent report, a developmental psychologist who studied peer pressure in middle schools obtained data from a large, representative sample of adolescents across the United States. This research most likely involved a...

survey

A research group involved with advertising is conducting a study to investigate whether shoppers are more likely to engage in impulse buying at the checkout than at any other place in the store. For the results of the study to be generalizable, the researchers should

use a representative sample

In an experiment designed to determine whether watching violent scenes on television increases the frequency of aggressive behavior in children, one group of subjects saw a nonviolent cartoon and another group saw a violent cartoon. In the play period that followed the viewing of the cartoons, researchers observed the two groups of children together and counted instances of aggressive behavior. Which of the following identifies the treatment received by the control group?

watched the nonviolent cartoon