Psychology exam 2 (all quizzes)

explicit memory and implicit memory

Mr. Nydam is unable to remember playing golf several time each week on a particular course. Yet the more he plays the course, the more his game improves. His experience illustrates the need to distinguish between ____________

repression

Mrs. McBride can't consciously recall how frequently she criticizes her children because it would be too anxiety-arousing to do so. Sigmund Freud would have suggested that her poor memory illustrates ____

rods, cone

Multiple ____ send combine messages to a bipolar cell, whereas a single _____ may link directly to a single bipolar cell.

Sensation and perception

Normal vision accompanied by prognosticator best illustrates the distinction between ____

amygdala

Conscious memories of emotionally stressful events are especially likely to be facilitated by activation of the _______

unconscious associations

Researchers use priming to activate _______

Memory

Retaining information over time through encoding, storage, and retrieval best describes ?

recall; recognition

Retrieving is to __________ as identifying is to __________

influence of motivation on perception

Sam and Terrance both play baseball. Sam is generally a good hitter while Terrance is not. Sam tends to see the baseball coming toward him as bigger than Terrance does. This phenomenon is related to the _______

Influence of motivation on perception

Sam and Terrance both play baseball. Sam is generally a good hitter while Terrance is not. Sam tends to see the baseball coming toward him as bigger than Terrance does. This phenomenon is related to the?

Food

Samantha's cat salivates in response to the taste of food in its mouth. Each morning, Samantha places the cat's food on the back porch. Each time Samantha opens the door the bell rings. Now, Samantha's cat salivates when the bell rings. Which of the following is the unconditioned stimulus in this example?

If you move your watchband up your wrist an inch or so, you will feel it for only a few moments. this best illustrates?

Sensory Adaption

automatic processing

The encoding of information directly into long-term storage without the aid of working memory best illustrates _____

perceptual constancy

The fact that we recognize objects as having a consistent form regardless of changing viewing angles illustrates _______

basilar membrane

When the cochlea's membrane-covered opening vibrates, moving the fluid inside of the cochlea, the _____ is also moved.

myopia

When the lens focuses an image on a point in front of the retina ______ occurs

convergence

Which binocular cue involves the inward angle of the eyes focusing on a near object ?

base ganglia

Which of the following brain structures is central to the processing of procedural memories ?

frontal lobes

Which of the following brain structures is involved in the formation of explicit memories?

When thinking that others are mad at you, being able to to walk up a hill quickly

Which of the following does NOT demonstrate the effect of emotions on perception ?

When thinking that others are mad at you, being able to walk up a hill quickly

Which of the following does NOT demonstrate the effect of emotions on perception?

testing effect

Which of the following is an effective way to distribute practice that not only will assess what you have learned and remember but will also improve both?

long-term potentiation

Which of the following is believed to be the synaptic basis for learning and memory ?

Charles Darwin

Who was influential in the view that all animals share a common evolutionary history ?

delayed reinforcers

Working hard every day of the year for the gratification of a bonus paycheck at the end of the year best illustrates the impact of ______ on behavior

Hair cells

______ line(s) the surface of the basilar membrane.

Nondeclerative

another term for implicit memory is _______ memory

preparedness

A biological predisposition to learn associations that have survival value is known as _____

generalization

A year after surviving a major car accident at a highway on-ramp, Kim-Li still responds with terror when he enters a highway ramp. This reaction best illustrates.

the misinformation effect

After Teresa was verbally threatened by someone in a passing car, she was asked whether she recognized the man who was driving the car. Several hours later, Theresa mistakenly recalled that the driver was a male rather than a female. Theresa's experience best illustrates _____

anterograde amnesia

After suffering a brain injury in a motorcycle accident, Arotza cannot form new memories. He can, however, remember events before the accident. Arotza's memory difficulty most clearly illustrates ______

mirror neurons

An emphatic husband who sees his wife in pain will exhibit some of the same brain activity she is showing. According to many researchers, this best illustrates the functioning of ____

Hippocampus

An inability to form semantic memories would most likely result from damage to the __________

cognitive

An organism's ability to mentally anticipate that a US will follow a CS is most likely to be highlighted by a(n)_______ perspective.

taste

Another name for gustation is _____

Becoming aware of what you do not yet know

Answering practice test questions about text material you have studied is a useful strategy for

Intensity of the light

As James walks outside he notices that the flowers in his front yard seem very bright in color. The brightness of the flowers' color is influenced by the ___

stroboscopic movement

As you flip quickly through your infant photo album you notice that the images look as if they are moving in one continuous movement. This phenomenon is called _______

the serial position effect

At a block party, Cyndi is introduced to eight new neighbors. Her experience best illustrates _______

The area in your visual field that contains no receptor cells is the?

Blind spot

memories of events before the age of 4 years are unreliable.

Brandon tells his friend that he remembers his grandfather giving him alcohol to drink when he was about 3 years old. what is the main problem with this statement.

Cochlear implant

Bree, who is 3 years old, was born with hearing impairment. as a result, she never leaned to talk until her doctor arranged for her to receive an electronic device. when she received the device, it was like her brain was "awakened." since then, she has developed speech and has made friends. What was the electronic device?

Technology skills

Businesses have effectively used behavior modeling to help new employees learn all of the following except___

the law of effect

Cats received a fish reward whenever they maneuvered themselves out of an enclosed puzzle box. With successive trials, the cats escaped from the box with increasing speed. This illustrates _______

Red

Compared with the entire range of visible light waves, those that are highest in frequency are most likely to be experienced as

Audition

Damage to the basilar membrane is most likely to affect one's

hypnotic pain effect

Dissociation has been used as an explanation for ____

fixed -interval

During a typical morning, Coling checks the clock frequently before being reinforced with confirmation that the time for his regularly scheduled lunch break has arrived. In this case, Colin's behavior is reinforced on a _______ schedule.

proactive interference

During her evening Spanish language exam, Janica so easily remembers the French vocabulary she studied that morning that she finds it difficult to recall the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty best illustrates _______

iconic memory

Experiencing a momentary sensory memory of passing car would be an example of ______

Embodied cognition.

Holding a heavy rather than a light clipboard leads people to perceive job candidates as more important. This best illustrates.

From the number of activated hair cells

How does the brain interpret loudness?

Light wave's height

Hue is determined by.

Observational Learning

If one chimpanzee watches a second chimp solve a puzzle for a food reward, the first chimp may thereby learn how to solve the puzzle. This best illustrates

cultural experience

Immanuel Kant and John Locke would have been most likely to disagree about the extent to which perception is influenced by

Classical conditioning

Ivan Pavlov was associated with the study of _______

Observable behavior

John B. Watson believed that psychology should be the science of _________

Bipolar cells.

Light energy travels to the back of your eye, where the rods and cones are located, and then triggers a chemical reaction that sparks neural signals in.

spontaneous recovery

Long after her conditioned fear of dogs had been extinguished, Marcy experienced an unexpected surge of nervousness when first shown first shown her cousin's new cooker spaniel. Her unexpected nervousness best illustrates.

distributed practice

Many students review course material at various times during a semester so they will be prepared for the final exam. These students are specially likely to retain the information far into the future. This best illustrates the value of _______

negative punishment

Mark can't go to his baseball practice this week because he lied to his parents about something that he did with his friends. Removing baseball practice is an example of _______

influence of motivations on perception

Mathilda has been jugging and is now extremely thirsty. When she enters her home, the water bottle sitting on her counter seems closer to her than it actually is. This effect is related to the _____

effortful processing

Mentally rehearsing the glossary definition of unfamiliar terms in order to remember them for a later test illustrates ______

Suggestive interviewing

One child who participated in a memory experiment falsely remembered that he once went to the hospital because he had caught his finger in a mousetrap. His false memory best illustrates the impact of _____

recall

Paulo was robbed at gunpoint by a group of strangers. Police officers later asked him to describe in writing what he had seen and heard during the robbery. Which measure of memory retention was being used ?

conditioned stimulus

Pavlov noticed that dogs began salivating at the mere sight of the person who regularly brought food to them. For the dogs, the sight of this person was a(n)?

Precognition

Psychics are unable to make millions of dollars betting on horse races. this undermines their claims to possess the power of

decrease; increases

Punishment ________ the rate of operand responding, and negative reinforcement ____ the rate of operand responding.

Novel tastes

Rats most easily learn to associate nausea-producing radiation treatments with ____

Cerebellum

Receptor cells for the vestibule sense send messages to the _______

cones

Receptor cells in the human eye that are the most sensitive to fine detail are called _____

Observation learning

Social Learning is another term for ____

parallel processing

Some stroke victims lose the capacity to perceive motion but retain the capacity to perceive shapes and colors. Others lose the capacity to perceive colors but retain the capacity to perceive movement and form. These peculiar visual disabilities best illustrate our normal capacity for ____

Short-term

Suppose you are out of town and have to access one of your password-protected accounts. You look up the number on your password list, but by the time you are ready to access the account, you have forgotten that password. This best illustrates the limited capacity of _______ memory

both the amount of time spent learning and making the information meaningful

The amount of material remembered is determined by

intensity

The brightness of a light wave is influenced by its _______

respondent behavior

The first time that Liza heard the loud sound of her father's bass drum, she responded with fear. The fear response is most clearly an example of _______

retrieval cues

The happier Judie is, the more readily she recalls positive life experiences. This best illustrates that emotional state can become ______

Transduction

The local fire department sounds the 12 o'clock whistle. The process by which your ears transform the sound waves from the siren into neural impulses is an example of______

large when it is near the horizon

The moon illusion refers to our tendency to perceive the Moon as unusually

afterimages

The opponent-process theory is most useful for explaining a characteristic of

deep processing

The semantic processing of the words in a short poem illustrates ______

Proximity

The way in which you quickly group the individual letters in this test item into separate words best illustrates the principle of

censoriousness hearing loss.

Thomas can hear sound but often struggles with recognizing what people say to him. This is likely related _____

mnemonics

Those who seem to be memory whizzes then to use _______ to aid memory

Associative learning

Through direct experience with animals, we come to anticipate that dogs will bark and that birds will chirp. This best illustrates___

bind

To construct our perceptions, we ______ the separate but parallel pieces of information together.

Learning

We adapt to our environment by.

Difference Thresholds

Weber's law is relevant to an understanding of

the ring tone

When Jake is with his girlfriend, he feels so in love, happy, and content. because he and his girlfriend text and talk on the phone frequently throughout the day, Jake has set up a special ring tone for his girlfriend. Now, when he hears the ring tone, he feels happy and content. Which of the following is the conditioned stimulus in this example ?

acquisition

When a person has linked a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that now the neutral stimulus triggers the conditioned response, _________ has occurred.

Mixed ratio

airline frequent flyer programs that reward customers with a free flight after every 75,000 miles of travel illustrate the use of a ____ schedule of reinforcement.

more likely to behave cruelly when provoked.

compared with those who view nonviolent entertainment, those who view violent media are _____

shaping

in teaching her son to play basketball, Mrs. Richards initially reinforces him with praise for simply dribbling while standing still, then only for walking while dribbling, and finally only for running while dribbling. She is using a procedure known as ______

acronyms

it's easier to remember the name of North America's five Great Lakes by using the first letter of each of the lakes to create a single word "HOMES." This strategy best illustrates the value of _________

encoding specificity principle

what helps us understand how cue specific to an event or person will most effectively trigger a memory ?