Psychology EXAM Multiple Choice

which is an example of telegraphic speech?

"Where her go?"

The superego is driven by the

"morality principle"

which of the following is NOT one of the basic reflexes humans are born with? >preoperational representation theory >principle of conservation >primary action scheme >symbolic representational thinking

(maternal) recognition reflex

how were Intelligence Quotient (IQ) scores originally derived?

(mental age/chronological age)*100

if I read off all the answers to the first several multiple choice questions, how long could most of you retain those answers before forgetting them? >5 seconds >10 seconds >20 seconds >2 minutes

20 seconds

for most Americans, how close/far is our comfortable "social distance" (the distance where we would hold casual conversation)?

4'-12'

what observation led Pavlov to create his famous experiment? >dogs barking at their handlers and refusing to enter the laboratory >dogs salivating when they saw food >an unladen swallow attempting to grip and lift a coconut >the tone of a tuning fork ringing in his office

Dogs salivating when they saw food

if, after writing up a student for the 50th time for having his phone in his pocket, I successfully resist the urge to throw it out the window, which part of me makes that decision?

Ego

which of the following is NOT one of Freud's methods of studying his subjects? >dream analysis >IQ testing >free association >psychoanalysis

IQ testing

if I decide to teach students not to park in my staff spot by blowing up their cars with high explosives, what type of learning am I hoping to get them to experience? >approach conditioning >modeling >classical conditioning >operant conditioning

Operant conditioning

the concept that explains why one sheet of paper being placed in an empty hand is much easier to distinguish than placing that same sheet of paper on a stack of 150 sheets being held in someone's hand is called >Schizophrenia >Weber's Law >signal-detection theory >paranoia

Weber's Law

in conversion disorders, emotional difficulties usually manifest as

a loss of physical function- often related to the emotion

an end-of-course exam, which would be given to determine what you had learned in my class, is an example of what sort of test?

achievement test

according to the text, what is the most widely used and abused mind-altering substance in the United States? >alcohol >marijuana >LSD >cocaine

alcohol

how does your long term memory store things like movies or books? >as summaries that can be rebuilt as necessary >primarily as sounds, which link together >as complete records that fade rapidly over time >as complete records that can be recalled with ease

as summaries that can be rebuilt as necessary

what is the basic scientific method? >form hypothesis, evaluate hypothesis, form theory >form hypothesis, form theory, evaluate data, test data for accuracy >ask question, test question, form hypothesis, test hypothesis >ask question, form hypothesis, test hypothesis, evaluate results

ask question, form hypothesis, test hypothesis, evaluate results

if you decide to voluntarily move your car from my staff spot before I blow it up as I did the student's car from question #22, you are practicing >escape conditioning >avoidance conditioning >self-reliance >reactant conditioning

avoidance conditioning

how would a radical behaviorist treat a condition like depression?

change reinforcers until the desired behavior was achieved

if your parents force you dress in dress code because they don't want you (or them) to get in trouble, what type of attitude formation is this?

compliance

look around the room. Everyone is wearing something that might be described as a "shirt." In this example, a "shirt" is a/an >symbol >concept >rule >image

concept

which part of the eye sees things in color >pupil >rods >cones >cornea

cones

which part of the brain facilitates communication between the left and right hemispheres of the brain? >pons >cerebrum >corpus callosum >medulla

corpus callosum

if you are in a car accident, and people start driving around you, you are witnessing

diffusion of responsibility

what type of motivation am I using if I offer your class a reward of cookies if everyone does well on this test? >attributive motivation >extrinsic motivation >biological motivation >intrinsic motivation

extrinsic motivation

if I wish to lie of a polygraph test, which bodily functions will NOT give me away? >eye movement >breathing >blood pressure/heart rate >perspiration

eye movement

your ability to pick Waldo out of the crowd in a "Where's Waldo?" image relies upon >selective attention >feature extraction >paranoia >holistic perception

feature extraction

if Wyle E. Coyote can think through the problem of how he might catch the Roadrunner, analyze the various possible outcomes of his plans, and then decide a salad would be both simpler and more healthy, which of Piaget's four stages of development has he reached?

formal operational stage

which social groups make the best scapegoats?

groups with no social power/ability to protest

what did Freud think about the nature of dreams? >he felt that they were the result of random electrical impulses >he felt that dreams were prophetic >he felt that dreams were symbolic of our subconscious desires >he felt that dreams were random, and thus not worth serious study

he felt that dreams were symbolic of our subconscious desires

if I like my psychology teacher (let's say), but he gives REALLY hard tests, what is the LEAST comfortable of the following psychological coping strategies?

ignore the problem (It's only one semester, after all.)

which animals are the least flexible in terms of dealing with new problems? >birds >reptiles >insects >mammals

insects

according to William James, what basic function does all mental activity serve? >it enhances our survival as a species >it drives physical activities >it enhances our understanding of others >it clarifies our belief systems, even across cases

it enhances our understanding of others

which of the following is NOT normally a way to determine the reliability of a test?

longitudinal studies

the major problem with defining "normality" in an objective, clinical way is that

most definitions of normality are really subjective

if someone claims that squirrels are messengers from God, we would call them abnormal because

most people don't believe this

why did Watson, Skinner, and others emphasize behaviorism as the most scientific method of studying psychology? >Freud was its leading proponent >both scholars were from America, which was well-known for its scientific emphasis >only behavior could be objectively observed >only behavior was thought to directly reflect the unconscious mind

only behavior could be objectively observed

according to the video we watched on body language, roughly how much of our human communication is dependent upon factors other than our actual words?

over 90%

what is one factor in making friends to which both genders respond equally and positively?

physical appearance

which is NOT one of Freud's stages of psychosexual development?

post-generative stage

if a child understands that liquid poured from one container into another retains the same volume, they are demonstrating Piaget's

principle of conservation

which of these is generally regarded as the most important factor in making friends?

proximity

the disorder in which you forget who you are and then flee is known as

psychogenic fugue

if I throw my cats in the shower after they have destroyed my favorite vase, I am using >neutral reinforcement >positive reinforcement >punishment >negative reinforcement

punishment

multiple choice questions (like this one) rely on what mechanism to find the right answers? >reconstruction >confabulation >recognition >recall

recognition

which Freudian defense mechanism am I exhibiting if- after a particularly rough night of parent-teacher conferences- I go home and throw a temper tantrum?

regression

if my children blame the cat for knocking over a lamp, what are they doing?

scapegoating

what is the major criticism of controlled studies of ESP? >specialized cards are so expensive that only major universities can afford them >successful ESP use can potentially violate the rights of all people present >too many laboratory animals are killed in the process >scientists seem unable to produce ESP in a lab, under controlled conditions

scientists seem unable to produce ESP in a lab, under controlled conditions

which level of Maslow's hierarchy deals with the individual's need to fulfill their own unique potential? >fundamental needs >personal needs >psychological needs >self-actualization needs

self-actualization needs

what phenomenon makes the rather dim level of light in this room quickly become "normal" for my students? >figure-ground perception >sublimation >sensory adaptation >signal-detection theory

sensory adaption

what sort of training do I use if I want to teach the school rats to play basketball? >shaping >chaining >classical conditioning >feedback looping

shaping

which of the following is an example of a biological motivation? >being afraid of a clown >being angry at a referee >shivering from the cold >cheating on a test because you forgot to study

shivering from the cold

how does a percentile score display your results?

shows what percentage of the given population you out-performed

In which stage of sleep do you typically experience sleep-walking, sleep-talking, or bed-wetting behaviors? >stage I >stage II >stage III >stage IV

stage IV (Four) sleep

what is generally the first step in brainwashing a subject?

stripping away the person's sense of identity through isolation & torture

in hypnosis, the subject is >unconscious >in conflict with the hypnotist over control >unable to perceive anything >susceptible to suggestion by the hypnotist

susceptible to suggestion by the hypnotist

If a zombie apocalypse occurs, and you make the very sensible decision to panic and run away, which section of the nervous system would prepare you by increasing your heart rate, blood pressure, etc.? >parasympathetic nerves >peripheral nerves >synapses >sympathetic nerves

sympathetic nerves

what did Milgram experiment prove?

that we are conditioned to obey legitimate authority

if you see a commercial where your favorite zombie hunter endorses a certain brand of crossbow, what are the advertisers hoping?

that you will buy their brand of crossbow because your hero likes their brand

how is subliminal advertising supposed to work? >the advertising appeals to repressed or suppressed needs already known to the subject >the advertising is not consciously noticed, but is still stimulates a desire for the product >the repeated advertising overwhelms the subject until s/he gives in >the advertising supersedes control impulses, so the subject can't resist

the advertising is not consciously noticed, but is still stimulates a desire for the product

what is the distinguishing characteristic of schizophrenia?

the distorted perception of reality

if I yell at someone who cuts me off in traffic because "he's a lousy driver," yet cut someone else off in traffic because "I had to merge," what am I experiencing?

the fundamental attribution error

sociobiologists suggest that risky, self-sacrificing behaviors are useful because >they convince natural predators of the ferocity of their prey >the individuals may die, but the species are more likely to survive >they aren't useful, according to sociobiologists >they remove self-destructive animals from the gene pool (and often earn "Darwin Awards")

the individuals may die, but the species are more likely to survive

what are mantras used for in meditation? >grasping reflex >moro/startle reflex >rooting reflex >(maternal) recognition reflex

they are repeated words or phrases which help subjects focus

how does the endocrine system send messages to and from the brain? >through nerve (or "nervous") twitches >through the use of hormones >by sending signals along neurons through the synapse >through a combination of receptor and effector nerves

through the use of hormones

what was the point of the Robber's Cave experiments?

to test how easily inter-group hostility could be created and eliminated

how did Wilhelm Wundt try and learn about thought processes of his subjects? >dream analysis >electroencephalograms >self-reported surveys >trained process of thinking "out loud" and reporting the thinking process

trained process of thinking "out loud" and reporting the thinking process

the "utility value" of a friend is the degree to which they are

useful

which would likely be the most valid measure of a person's piety?

whether the "pious" person went into the priesthood

which of the following traits is NOT one of the "robust five/big five" traits?

willingness to admit error

which group of subjects in Horner's study was most likely to fear success? >men of above-average intelligence/competency >women of average intelligence/competency >women of above-average intelligence/competency >men of average intelligence/competency

women of above-average intelligence/competency

which of these is NOT a common source of attitudes?

younger siblings