Psychology Final Exam

Jessica was walking home from work when she found a 20 dollar bill on the ground. There was no one around, so she picked up the money. As she rounded the corner, she saw a woman with an armful of groceries entering a building. Which scenario is MOST likely?

Jessica rushes to hold the door for the woman.

During a basketball game, Tyree suffered a concussion. Afterwards, he could not remember the game or what happened when he was treated in the hospital. Tyree was experiencing:

anterograde amnesia.

Jonny has suffered hippocampal damage from a near-fatal bus crash. He is able to remember verbal information, but has no ability to recall visual designs and locations. He has MOST likely suffered damage to his:

right hippocampus

Although Jordan cannot recall the exact words of a poem he heard recently, he clearly remembers the poem's meaning. This BEST illustrates the importance of _____ encoding.

semantic

Selecting just a few aspects of all the environmental information that is being very briefly registered is a process that initially occurs in _____ memory.

sensory

When learning occurs in the Aplysia slug, the slug releases more of the neurotransmitter _____ at certain synapses.

serotonin

Millie has been having difficulties remembering what people have just said. She is unable to follow along during her favorite television shows. Millie is having difficulty with her _____ memory.

short-term

Luciano believes that the best way to get over his anger toward his high school teacher is to scream profanities while hitting a punching bag. His belief is BEST explained by:

catharsis.

The misinformation effect highlights the:

changeability of memory.

Tameka is reading a novel. When the phone rings, she looks up to see if her husband is going to answer it, which he does. She returns her attention to the book, going back to the exact spot on the page where she left off. Tameka is able to effortlessly return to her reading because:

of the automatic processing of space.

In daily life, when one says one remembers some information or a piece of knowledge, one means that one is able to use it. Memory, therefore, entails not only encoding and storage but also _____.

retrieval

Bruce watches a new television program with enthusiasm. He then watches a second, similar program. Bruce later finds it difficult to remember the details of the first program; he finds that details about the second program keep intruding. What has probably occurred?

retroactive interference

The primacy effect refers to the fact that:

the items presented first on a list are more likely to be remembered than items on the middle of the list.

An attorney uses misleading questions to distort a court witness's recall of a previously observed crime. This BEST illustrates:

the misinformation effect.

When people are given subtle misleading information about a past event, they often misremember the true details surrounding the event. This is known as:

the misinformation effect.

Students who review previously learned course material at various times throughout a semester to pass a comprehensive final are especially likely to demonstrate long-term retention of the course material. This BEST illustrates the value of:

the spacing effect.

Our environment often influences us by activating our principles through priming. This process is:

unconscious.

The Lazarus theory of emotion suggests that people experience emotion:

when appraising an event as harmful or harmless.

Jamaal has to make an important phone call. Unfortunately, his cell phone is not charged and he has to use his landline that does not store phone numbers. To make the call, he has to get the number from his cell phone and remember it long enough to dial on his landline. For this task, _____ memory is MOST important.

working

Freddy met a woman in the library and immediately thought he knew her. He asked, "Have I met you before?" She replied, "No." She walked away assuming he was trying to ask her out. This could have been an example of:

de ja vu

Through the conscious repetition of information, we can encode information for long-term storage. This example BEST illustrates:

effortful processing.

Recalling a visual scene of last month's party and holding it in working memory would be MOST likely to activate the right _____ lobe.

frontal

The network that processes and stores explicit memories includes the _____ lobes and the hippocampus.

frontal

Professor Wallace studies memory in people who have had strokes. Professor Hansen studies people who claim to have clear memories of events that happened over three decades ago. Such research on the extremes of memory....

helps us to understand how memory works.

The _____ is the brain area involved in processing explicit memories for storage.

hippocampus

Some patients suffering from amnesia are incapable of recalling events. Yet they can be conditioned to blink their eyes in response to a specific sound. They have MOST likely suffered damage to the:

hippocampus.

Six-year-old Fiona has no memory of a trip she took to the hospital when she was 2 years old, yet the rest of her family recalls what happened in vivid detail. Her inability to remember this event is known as:

infantile amnesia.

After the attacks on the United States in 2001, Americans who responded with anger more than fear displayed _____ and _____ toward Muslims and immigrants.

intolerance; prejudice

According to Ambady and colleagues, _____ people were much better at reading the emotions being expressed than _____ people.

introverted; extroverted

The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that the experience of emotion:

is the awareness of one's physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli.

Echoic sensory memory....

lasts longer than visual sensory memory

If people hold smiles too ____, they may be detected as feigned.

long

_____ can be defined as the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information.

memory

The unconscious activation of associations in memory is called _____.

priming

Memories can often be triggered by an associated environmental stimulus. This process is called:

priming.

In _____ interference, information learned earlier disrupts the recall of information learned more recently. In _____ interference, recently learned information disrupts the recall of information learned earlier.

proactive; retroactive

A test of memory that involves picking the correct answer from a displayed list of options is an example of a retention measure called:

recognition

Joe is happy to hear that the test will be all multiple-choice questions as he feels he has a good chance to pass by using:

recognition.

These lymphocytes attack cancer cells, viruses, and other foreign substances

T lymphocytes

The danger in resorting to catharsis as a way of dealing with anger is that:

anger leads to further anger.

Emotion is a response includes physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience. These components may be exemplified, respectively, by

A pounding heart, increased pace, in a sense of fear

A stressor is a

Challenging or threatening event

Regular aerobic act for size has not been found to

Constrict blood vessels

Traffic jams, dropped calls, and deadlines are examples of

Daily hassles

Someone needs to be hired who is good at reading emotions from minor quick changes in peoples facial expressions which personality type should be choose

Introverted

Why would change doctor suggest that he begin an aerobic exercise program in addition to psychotherapy for his depression

It will produce more neurons in his brain

The behavior feedback effect is reminiscent of the _____ theory of emotion in that it suggests that the feeling of an emotion follows the body's behavior.

James-Lange

The first theory of emotion in psychology's history was the _____ theory.

James-Lange

Which statement BEST captures the relationship between priming and a retrieval cue?

Priming is the unconscious awakening of memories based on retrieval cues.

Attempting to alleviate stress by direct daily changing the stressor or the way we interact with a stressor is known as _____-coping

Problem focused

How are the cerebellum and the basal ganglia involved in memory?

The cerebellum and the basal ganglia are both involved in implicit memory.

How might one describe the shape of the function relating the probability of an item's recall to the item's position on a list?

a U-shape

Strangers placed in male-female pairs were instructed to stare into each other's eyes for two minutes. They reported feeling:

a tingle of attraction and affection.

George Miller's research on short-term memory capacity indicated that we can only store _____ in short-term memory.

about seven bits of information

We remember exciting or shocking events for a long time due to activation of the limbic system's _____.

amygdala

Procedural memory requires activation of the: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. cortex.

basal ganglia.

Cory studied French in high school but has not heard or spoken French in years. Her friend introduces her to someone from France. He begins speaking French and Cory can't understand a word. A week later after study, she understands and can respond correctly. Cory was able to improve so rapidly due to:

relearning.

Mrs. McBride cannot consciously recall how frequently she criticizes her children because it would cause her too much anxiety. Sigmund Freud would have suggested that her poor memory illustrates:

repression

Gina adequately studied for her short-answer psychology exam. However, while taking the final she could not remember the material she previously retained. According to the computer information-processing model of memory, Gina is having difficulty with _____. Please type the correct answer in the following input field, and then select the submit answer button or press the enter key when finished. Ne

retrieval

Almost everybody has had the feeling of knowing the answer to a question, but not being quite able to say it. This is called the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon and is a failure of:

retrieval.

Fighting bacterial infections is to _____ as attacking viruses is to _____

B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes

The James Lange theory of emotion states that people experience emotion

After experiencing a physical response

Once again the director of an ant killer department has interfered with Taylor's project she has even accused him of illegal activities when he knows he has committed none. He discusses the situation with his boss who helps him my friend the situation and put things in perspective. The Mira discussion helps to relax Taylor and is

A catharsis

NK cells are to macrophages as ___ is to ______

Attacking diseased cells, destroying worn out cells

In his book 1870l ro the expression of emotion in man and animals Charles Darwin stated that he who gives a way to violent gestures will increase his rage this quotebest fit which Theory

Behavior feedback phenomenon

Brendan must give an oral presentation in 10 minutes at the start of his class. In response to the threat

Blood flow increases to brendans muscles

Which choice accurately lists the components of emotions as they are described in the textbook

Bodily arousal, expressive behaviors, feelings, and conscious experience

Which theory of emotion emphasizes the sumultaneous experience of body response and emotional feeling?

Cannon-Bard theory

Congenitally blind Athletes ____ social smiles, _____ Ekmans evidence for the university of emotional expressions

Display, supporting

_____ confirmed that basic facial expressions are culturally universal.

Ekman

A response to the whole organism to a stimulus that includes a mixture of psychological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience is called

Emotion

Attempting to alleviate stress by attending to ones feelings related to a situation is know as _____-focused coping

Emotion

John has just finished a brutal tour of combat in Afghanistan or he saw lotta fighting several of his friends were killed but he was able to fight despite the death around him the two stress hormones at play were ______ & ______

Epinephrine and cortisol

Which theory of emotion is matched with its description?

Lazarus—Emotions reflect a person's interpretation of situations

Exuberant inference an alert and energetic adults are especially like me to show high levels of brain activity in the

Left frontal lobe

One reason why type a personalities may be more prone to heart disease is that they are more often combat ready which leads to increased activity by the sympathetic nervous system and interferes with you

Lovers ability to remove cholesterol and fat from the blood

Durene has a fairly low happiness setpoint that means her level of satisfaction with her life circumstances is likely to be

Low

_____ are cells that pursue and destroy diseased cells in the body

NK

Face with over wrapping unrealistic deadlines at work you're a recruit his coworkers to perform some of the routine clerical tasks associate with the progress era is engaged ____coping

Problem focused

Selma participated in a research project in college, and she was identified as being less happy than average. During a follow-up study 20 years later, researchers found all of these EXCEPT:

Selma was less likely to have met all of her life goals than her happy peers. Chal

Dora found the serial number of the used car she wanted to purchase online. To remember the 11-digit number, 19801776317, she thought of the number as the year she was born (1980), the date of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and the area code of her home phone number (317). Dora was using the strategy of _____ to help her remember the car's serial number.

chunking

Austin can't remember Jack Smith's name because he wasn't paying attention when Jack was formally introduced. Austin's poor memory is BEST explained in terms of:

encoding failure.

Because she drank too much alcohol, Deanna barely remembers her twenty-first birthday. That is, her _____ memory of that evening is sketchy.

episodic

The process that occurs when memories that are temporarily stored in the hippocampus migrate for storage elsewhere in the brain is called:

memory consolidation.

Procedural memory involves:

motor movement.

It's evening and we're mentally replaying the day's events. We picture our facial expressions as we listened to a friend's tale of woe. Because we were unable to see these expressions at the time, our recall necessarily illustrates:

reconsolidation.

Tarik has a chemistry test in two days. He has to memorize the elements on the periodic table, so he writes them on index cards. He keeps the cards with him at all times and periodically reads through them. Tarik is using _____ to encode information in short-term memory for longer-term storage.

rehearsal

Through conscious repetition of information in short-term memory, we can encode information for long-term storage. This is known as:

rehearsal.

Several months after watching a science fiction movie about space travel and alien abduction, Daniel began to remember that aliens had abducted him and had subjected him to many of the horrors portrayed in the movie. His mistaken recall BEST illustrates _____ amnesia.

source

Victor has been working 70-hour workweeks and has been getting his days and nights mixed up as well as having trouble separating his dreams from reality. Just yesterday, he thought a project had been completed, but in reality it was only a dream. This problem is known as _____ amnesia.

source

The phenomena of forgetting information learned while intoxicated until the person is once again intoxicated BEST reflects:

state-dependent memory.

Which theory suggests that one would NOT experience intense anger unless first noticing one's racing heart (or other symptoms of physiological arousal)?

the James-Lange theory