Psychology Module 1
Wilhelm Wundt was both a _______ and _________
Physiologist; philosopher
Professor Boyd believes that children in every culture can distinguish between cost and benefits because humans have an inborn understanding of economics. This belief is most consistent with the views of:
Plato
_________ are medical doctors who can provide medical treatments and psychological therapy, Whereas, _________ are NOT medical doctors, but they can asses and treat mental, behavioral, and emotional disorders.
Psychiatrists; clinical psychologist
Titchener is to ______ as Freud is to personality theory.
Structuralism
Edward Titchener was concerned primarily with the discovery of
The structure of mind
Who was the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology?
Washbrun
In an experiment conducted by Professor Costa, the participants first task is to press and button if they see a red light blink. For the second task, they press the rightmost button if they see a red light blink and the leftmost button if they see a green light blink. Professor Costa is studying the difference in average lag times of these two task. This experiment is similar to experiments conducted by which of the following early psychologist?
Wilhelm Wundt
Psychologist who today focus on the adaptive function of behaviors and emotions (that is, those who study behaviors and emotions that appear to have allowed our ancestors to survive) would likely consider ______ and early representation of their approach to psychology.
William James
In December of 1879, he created the very first psychology laboratory in Germany.
Wundt
The field of psychology is a collection of diverse sub-fields. Psychologists who conduct ______ research contribute by expanding the knowledge base of psychology, whereas others who conduct _______ research explore practical problems
basic; applied
Psychology is the scientific study of:
behavior and mental processes
A focus of how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information is most relevant to the _______ perspective.
cognitive
Which perspective would be most relevant to understanding the role of spaced practice on long-term memory of information?
cognitive
Dr. Hilburton has received approval for his research grant to study the effects of divorce on children aged 5 to 12 in terms of maturational milestones. Dr. Hilburton is most likely a _______ psycologist.
developmental
Professor Bernstein conducts basic research on the progressive changes in infants' perceptual skills during the first year of life. Professor Bernstein is most likely a ________ psychologist.
developmental
Inherited traits are learned habits as the ______ perspective is to the ________ perspective.
evolutionary; behavioral
Which school of psychology was most clearly concerned with the adaptive value of complex mental processes?
functionalism
The leader of a self-help group has asked you to recommend an approach to psychology that emphasizes personal growth and people's need for love and acceptance. Which of the following branches of psychology would you recommend for this group?
humanistic psychology
Ivan Pavlov pioneered the study of:
learning
If you were taking psychology prior to 1920, psychology was defined was defines as the science of?
mental life
An organism's inherited traits that increase its likelihood to reproduce and survive are the traits it will most likely pass on to the generation that follow. This pattern can be explained by the principle of:
natural selection
A focus on how the body and the brain enables emotions, memories, and sensory experiences is most relevant to the ________ perspective.
neuroscience
Dr. Williamson is working with the National Institute of Mental Health to determine if omega-3 fatty acids have beneficial effects on mood and anxiety disorders. Which perspective is Dr. Williamson subscribing to?
neuroscience
Which perspective is most relevant to understanding links between areas of brain activation and sexual motivation?
neuroscience
Dr. Sanchez is studying how human functioning can be guided to establish and promote goals that will enhance human flourishing. What is the area of psychology that Dr. Sanchez is studying?
positive psychology
A focus on the extent to which behaviors and personality spring from drives and conflicts outside one's own awareness is most relevant to the ________ perspective
psychodynamic
If a research focuses primarily on emotional responses, learned fears, and other learned expectations, he or she is focusing on:
psychological influences
Professor Chung conducts basic research to investigate whether a teacher's negative perceptions of some students can affect the students' subsequent academic performance Professor Chung is most likely a ________ psychologist.
social
A focus on how behavior and thinking vary across situations and culture is most relevant to the ________ perspective.
social-cultural
A focus on the different marriage rituals practiced by members of different ethnic groups is most relevant to the _________ perspective:
social-cultural
_______ practice promoted better retention of material studied than _____ practice:
spaced; mass
The early school of psychology that employed the method of introspection was known as
structuralism
Janice has not performed well on the last two psychology exams. She is at a lost because she studied three hours for each exam. Janice's professor suggests that she use the SQ3R method of study. This procedure involves:
survey the chapter, take a pretest, read actively a section of the chapter, take notes over the chapter, and take a practice test
Compared with the structuralist, early behaviorists were much LESS likely to focus on the study of:
thinking
Which of the following is NOT a study tip that will improve your learning of information in the text and in class?
waiting to test and study the information the night before the exam
A unified understanding of explanations provided by the neuroscience, cognitive, social-cultural, and other psychological perspectives is most clearly provided by:
A biopsychosocial approach
One way to develop a complete picture of any given behavior or mental process is to incorporate an integrated viewpoint that examines biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors. This is also known as:
A biopsychosocial approach
Researchers continue to debate the origin of knowledge. Some believe that we are born with certain types of knowledge, while others believe that knowledge is gained through experience. Professor Risotto believes that children learn language through experiences. This approach is most similar to the ideas of:
Aristotle
Understanding why a fear of darkness may have contributed to the survival of our human ancestors is most relevant to the _______ perspective.
Evolutionary
Edward Titchener used the research method known as
Introspection
Structuralist introduced which research method to identify basic elements of the human mind?
Introspection
Researchers today can use technology such as CT scans and MRI scans to measure the brain activity. Some researchers ask their research participants to describe elements of their experiences (for example, sensations, images, feelings) while undergoing the scans. This ______ technique is similar to the methodology of __________.
Introspection: Titchener
Who was the functionalist who authored the textbook Principles of Psychology for the emerging discipline of psychology?
James
Which philosopher said that knowledge is not preexisting but grows from experiences?
Locke
