Psychology Module 1

Which of the following statements about women in the field of psychology are true?

- Seventy-five percent of psychology graduate students are female. - Women psychologists outnumber male psychologists by more than 2 to 1.

Darwin believed that natural selection determined our physical traits. Evolutionary psychologists believe that natural selection determines which of the following?

- Social behaviors - Personality traits

Which of the following would be studied by a personality psychologist?

- The traits that differentiate one person from another - The consistency in people's behavior across their lives

Psychology's roots can be traced back to

Ancient Greeks.

____________________ psychologist would be interested in investigating the similarities and differences in psychological functioning in various cultures and ethnic groups.

Cross-cultural

Differences between the United States and other industrialized nations in the use of spanking during childhood would be of most interest to a(n)

Cross-cultural psychologist

A health psychologist, clinical psychologist, and a counseling psychologist would all be most interested in which of the following?

How frequent depression has prevented someone from carrying out their normal activities

Neuroscientists are most likely to consider how

the body influences behavior.

Who established the first laboratory in Leipzig, Germany devoted to psychological research?

Wilhelm Wundt

In the field of psychology, women are more likely than men to

Attend graduate school.

_________________ genetics is an area in psychology that focuses on biological mechanisms

Behavioral

Which perspective in psychology takes the view of both nature and nurture?

Cognitive

A baby taking her first step or saying her first word are universal milestones that would be studied in ______ psychology.

Developmental

______________________ psychology studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death.

Developmental

Darwin's concept of natural selection is most closely related to what branch of psychology?

Evolutionary

___________________ psychology considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors.

Evolutionary

The cognitive perspective

Focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the world.

Which psychologists believe that, when it comes to perception, the whole is different from the sum of its parts?

Gestalt

Unlike clinical psychologists, counseling psychologists help people who are

Having difficulty adjusting to new circumstances.

Which subfield of psychology includes both psychological factors and physical diseases?

Health psychology

Wundt and others used a technique called ______, which involved describing in their own words and in as much detail as possible what they were experiencing.

Introspection

Experimental psychology

Is the branch of psychology that studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world.

Which of the following is a criticism of the evolutionary approach?

It minimizes the role of environmental and social forces in behavior.

_______________________ psychology studies the traits that differentiate one person from another.

Personality

Which of the following is true about the key issues in the field of psychology?

Psychologists all agree on what the key issues of the field are.

Which perspective focuses on uncovering the fundamental mental components of perception, consciousness, thinking, emotions, and other kinds of mental states?

Structuralism

The majority of psychologists in the United States are

White

The person who led the challenge to Wundt's approach of introspection as a scientific technique was ____, who led the functionalist movement.

William James

Which of the following would be areas of most interest to a health psychologist?

- How long-term stress affects physical health - How to promote positive health behaviors

Select the five major perspectives in the field psychology today.

- Humanistic - Cognitive - Neuroscience - Behavioral - Psychodynamic

Which of the following are included in cognitive psychology?

- Language - Judging - Problem solving - Decision making - Thinking

The underrepresentation of racial and ethnic minorities among psychologists is significant for which of the following reasons?

- The underrepresentation may deter other minority-group members from entering the field. - The field of psychology is diminished by the lack of diverse perspectives and talents that minority-group members can provide. - The rarity of minority psychologists can discourage some members of minority groups from seeking treatment.

Which perspective is being practiced when a psychologist focuses on the activities a person is engaging in, and not the thoughts or feelings the person has?

Behavioral

Behavioral neuroscientists study the ______ basis of behavior.

Biological

Which subfield of psychology combines neuroscience and clinical psychology to understand psychological disorders?

Clinical neuropsychology

__________________ psychology is a subspecialty of experimental psychology that focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, memory, decision making, and language.

Cognitive

Humanistic psychology focuses on the _____ as a determinant of behavior.

Conscious

According to evolutionary psychology, a broad variety of behaviors are influenced by

Genetic inheritance

Someone taking the nature side of the nature versus nurture debate is arguing for the importance of

Genetic inheritance

The cognitive approach to the study of psychology focuses on

Mental processes

Which of the following is a behavior?

Movement

A psychologist who is studying how heredity influences behavior most likely will be using the ______ perspective.

Neuroscience

Which psychological perspective examines how the brain and the nervous system affect behavior?

Neuroscience perspective

Which of the following is a mental process?

Perception of a threat

The branch of developmental psychology that would study how your traits are different from your sister's traits is called ______ psychology.

Personality

Human aggression, liking and loving, persuasion, and conformity are all topics that would be of most interest to a ______ psychologist.

Social

__________________________ psychology is the study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others.

Social

The perspective that focuses on uncovering the fundamental mental components of perception, consciousness, and other mental states is called

Structuralism

______ focused on uncovering the fundamental mental components of mental states and activities, ______ focused on the purpose of mental activity and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environments.

Structuralism; Functionalism

A psychologist taking the psychodynamic perspective to study how people change during college would be most interested in which of the following?

The unconscious motives that led the student to attend college in the first place.

In trying to help someone deal with a mental illness, the psychodynamic perspective suggests that we should explore

Unconscious processes.

The subfields of psychology are related to each other because they share a common goal, which is

Understanding behavior.

To help in identifying the subfields of psychology, which of the following would be the best question to ask?

What type of behavior does it address?

Most psychologists who are self-employed treat clients.

True

Psychologists in every specialty area use experimental techniques.

True

Research assistant, marketing specialist, public relations officer, social services case worker: these are all examples of jobs that can be done with what degree in psychology (choose the lowest degree required)?

Bachelor's

A focus on external behavior rather than the internal workings of the mind is favored by the _________________________ perspective

Behavioral

The humanistic perspective emphasizes

Free will

Which of the following are associated with the behavioral perspective?

- B.F. Skinner - John B. Watson

Which of the following would be interested in stress and fears that prevent people from carrying out their normal activities?

- Counseling psychologist - Health psychologist - Clinical psychologist

In which of the following settings would you be likely to find a psychologist working?

- Government - Hospital - Public school district - University

In comparison to a PhD, a PsyD psychologist is more likely to

- Have been trained exclusively to treat mental disorders.

The first woman to receive a doctorate in psychology was

Margaret Floy Washburn.

Of the following, who was associated with the gestalt movement?

Max Wertheimer

A psychologist taking the humanistic perspective to study how people change during college would be most interested in which of the following?

The student's striving to reach his or her full potential.

Evolutionary explanations of behavior are

Controversial

Which subfield of psychology focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems?

Counseling psychology

Behavioral genetics explores how we inherit behavioral traits and the ____ influences on those traits.

Environment

_______ is an historical approach advocated by William James that concentrated on mental processes and the purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaptation to the environment. Multiple choice question. Gestalt

Functionalism

When you are asked to describe in as much detail as you can what you are experiencing, you are being asked to

Introspect

Which procedure was favored by structuralists over functionalists?

Introspection

The first major American psychologist to use a behavioral approach was ______; he believed that one could gain a complete understanding of behavior by studying the environment in which a person operated.

John B. Watson

Which American educator drew on functionalism to develop the field of school psychology?

John Dewey

Who used the functionalist approach to develop the field of school psychology?

John Dewey

Philosophers argued for hundreds of years about some of the questions psychologists grapple with today. For instance, the British philosopher _____ believed that children were born into the world with minds like "blank slates" and that their experiences determined what kind of adults they would become.

John Locke

The formal beginning of psychology as a scientific discipline is generally considered to have occurred when

William Wundt established the first experimental laboratory dedicated to psychological phenomenon.

Which of the following are key issues in the field of psychology?

free will versus determinism nature versus nurture individual differences versus universal principles