Psychology Modules #47-#52

Currently, psychologists are learning not only how the environment may influence gene expression but also how culture may influence psychological disorders. The _____ incorporates both these types of influences on psychological disorders.

biopsychosocial approach

Jackie has an extremely low intelligence score of 65. She lives at an assisted living center where she works part time in the kitchen cleaning dishes. Jackie's ability to work effectively displays her _____ skills.

practical

Although Mark realizes his behavior is unreasonable, he is so distraught by high bridges that he avoids them and takes an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from:

a phobia

Which disorder typically focuses on fear of particular animals, insects, heights, and blood?

a phobia

If one avoids situations in which help may not be available when panic strikes, one may be suffering from:

agoraphobia

Down Syndrome is an intellectual disability associated with a physical cause. It is caused by:

an extra chromosome 21

Elaina is a 15-year-old adolescent who has become shockingly thin. She barely eats, and when she does, she compensates by exercising excessively. Elaina is MOST likely suffering from:

anorexia

Calvin is extremely manipulative. He can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to their suffering as a result of his actions. Calvin's behavior BEST illustrates _____ personality disorder.

antisocial personality

Ten-year-old Marie is sad. She is crying. Her older brother Paul looks at her and then continues watching television. Paul may be showing signs of ________.

autism spectrum disorder

Dr. Phelps believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Phelps believes in a _____ model.

biopsychosocial

Overexcited hyperactivity is a feature of _____ disorder.

bipolar

Marcus's twin brother and maternal grandmother both have previously been diagnosed with schizophrenia. This means that Marcus's risk for developing schizophrenia:

is much higher than average

The social-cognitive perspective has linked the experience of depression with:

learned helplessness

John has been having difficulties getting out of bed, is not interested in going out with friends, and hardly ever answers the phone. He has let a number of bills go unpaid, he is sleeping 12 to 14 hours a day, and he cannot concentrate at work. He has called in sick to work at least once each week. John is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder.

major depressive

According to the _____ model, mental illness needs to be cured through therapy.

medical

Thirty-seven-year-old Steven is a single male who has suffered from depression all his life. He has been in treatment for the last week and a half and has begun taking an antidepressant. He is starting to feel better, but he is tired of living this way and does not want to face another depressive episode. In terms of risk factors for suicide, Steven is _____ likely to attempt suicide _____.

more; because his energy and initiative are rebounding

Seventy-five-year-old Walter lost his wife to a heart attack 2 years ago, and most of his friends have passed away. His children live in other states, and he has no pets. In terms of risk factors for suicide, Walter is _____likely to attempt suicide _____.

more; because the suicide rate surges among older men

People who suffer from generalized anxiety disorder are:

mostly women

Which symptom is NOT diagnostic of schizophrenia?

multiple personalities

Victor's mother is frustrated because she cannot get Victor involved in any activities. Although he has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, she still expects him to do things around the house. But most days, he sits in a chair with no expression on his face. This type of absence of appropriate behavior reflects the _____symptoms of schizophrenia.

negative

The anterior cingulate cortex is especially likely to be hyperactive in people who suffer from:

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Marjalayne is 10. She is beginning to show some unusual, even disturbed feelings and actions. Based on this information alone, Marjalayne may be starting to show signs of:

phobic disorder

Which disorder usually develops in childhood or adolescence?

phobic disorder

Neurodevelopmental disorders do NOT include:

posttraumatic stress disorder

Taresa feels that her life is empty. She has lost interest in career and hobbies, and she wonders if she would be better off dead. She is MOST likely suffering from a(n):

depressive disorder

Social skills include all of these EXCEPT:

occupational skills

Gregory is an impoverished African-American teen who finds school stressful but performs at a moderate level academically. He has no relationship with his father but a close relationship with his mother and grandmother. Which factor MOST increases his vulnerability to developing a mental disorder?

socioeconomic status

Episodes of overeating (typically high-calorie foods) followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise are common in individuals with:

bulimia nervosa

Bill, a young man with an intelligence score of 65, has relatively good interpersonal skills and is able to take care of his own personal grooming needs. However, he has difficulty with reading and counting money. If he is to live independently, Bill would probably have MOST difficulty with _____ skills.

conceptual

With respect to intellectual disability, _________ skills include language, literacy, and concepts of money, time, and numbers

conceptual

People who have a sibling or parent with schizophrenia have about a _____ chance of developing the disorder.

1 in 10

Billy has an identical twin that was recently diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Research suggests that the chances are _____ in 10 that Billy will also suffer from bipolar disorder at some point in his life.

7

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from a phobia of a specific object or situation in 2015 was:

8.7%

Which statement BEST captures the relationship between a fear and a phobia?

A fear is less intense than a phobia

Tonya is interested in studying psychological disorders. If she wants to study the classification system most often used in the United States, she should read the:

DSM-5

Which is the MOST likely reason that African women have been found to rate their ideal body type as being significantly closer to their actual shape as compared to European and North American women?

In much of Africa, plumpness is equated with prosperity, and thinness can signal illness, poverty, and hunger

The significant difference between suicidal behavior and self-injury is:

self-injury is an attempt at coping

Some studies suggest there may be an anxiety gene that affects brain levels of:

serotonin

Trina suffers from depression. Her physician has placed her on a popular antidepressant that will help to increase her _____ supplies by blocking reuptake so that her receptor sites get enough of this neurotransmitter.

serotonin

Penny is an intensely shy person who rarely attends gatherings of people. In addition, she normally will not accept dinner invitations and refuses to speak in public even if it is among a group of friends. Penny MOST likely suffers from _____ disorder.

social anxiety

Stella has been diagnosed with panic disorder and refuses to leave her home without her husband. She fears any situation in which she cannot escape or find help when a panic attack would strike. Stella suffers not only from panic disorder but also from _____.

agoraphobia

The police brought Corinne to the emergency room after she was seen running down the street in her underwear yelling that she has the power. Corinne was also spending large amounts of money across town and was rude and reckless over the last 5 days. In the emergency room, Corinne would not be quiet long enough for the nurse to ask her questions. Corinne is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder.

bipolar

_____ disorder is characterized by moods that alternate between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the euphoric, hyperactive state of mania.

bipolar

Eight-year-old Jamaiah is generally cranky and touchy. She is prone to tantrums. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), Jamaiah might be diagnosed with _____disorder.

disruptive mood dysregulation

Susan's mother suffered from the flu during her pregnancy with Susan. Statistically, this increases Susan's risk of later developing schizophrenia. Maternal influenza is an example of a(n) _____ factor because it may influence the expression of a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia.

epigenetic

The text states that "environmental factors such as viral infections, nutritional deprivation, and maternal stress can 'turn on' the genes" that predispose some people to schizophrenia. This statement reflects insights from the newly emerging field of:

epigenetics

According to the textbook, 9-month-old infants attend more to sounds representing ancient threats, such as thunder, than to sounds representing modern dangers, such as gunfire. This BEST supports the role of _____in anxiety.

evolution

Prudence has been diagnosed with a psychological disorder. Before receiving a diagnosis from a clinical psychologist, however, Prudence visited several physicians with her complaints. Prudence is MOST likely experiencing _____ disorder.

illness anxiety

Without success, Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress the intrusive worry that she may have forgotten to lock her door when she left for work. Her experience is MOST symptomatic of _____ disorder.

obsessive-compulsive

Although Claude realizes his behavior is unreasonable, he is so distraught by high bridges that he avoids them and takes an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Claude appears to suffer from a(n) _____.

phobia

Frank was seen laughing inappropriately in the library as if he were responding to internal stimuli. On the bus home, he was crying uncontrollably and suddenly became angered when a fellow passenger offered him a tissue. His excess of inappropriate behavior reflects the _____ symptoms of schizophrenia.

positive

Years after he barely survived an attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event. They render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is MOST clearly showing signs of _____ disorder.

posttraumatic stress

This is a condition experienced in Latin American cultures where an individual may experience severe anxiety, restlessness, and a fear of black magic.

susto

Qwan often finds himself anxious in social situations. He avoids eye contact with others and regularly dismisses his fears of blushing uncontrollably as shyness. If Qwan were Japanese, he might be suffering from:

taijin-kyofusho

Practical skills include all of these EXCEPT:

the ability to follow rules

One of the strengths of the biopsychosocial model, in comparison to the medical model, is that the biopsychosocial model incorporates _____ into an understanding of psychological disorders.

the effect of culture

Nolen-Hoeksema has found that one consistent difference between men and women that leads to greater rates of depression in women is:

women ruminate more than men.