psychology notes part 1

Which of the following represents a strong negative correlation?

-0.9

When was psychology accepted as an academic discipline?

1800s

In what stage of sleep do sleep spindles appear?

2

What occurs during stage 1 sleep?

Both our respiration and heartbeat slow down.

The ________ reviews research conducted using animal subjects

IACUC

Who started the feminist revolution in psychology?

Naomi Weisstein

Which researcher believed that dreams simply reflect life events that are important to the dreamer?

Rosalind Cartwright

Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism?

The process was highly subjective

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Sigmund Freud believed that understanding the unconscious mind was critical to understand subconscious behavior.

The word "subconscious" should be changed to the word "conscious."

Psychoanalytic theory focuses on ________ and early childhood experiences.

a person's unconscious

During the fight or flight response, which of the following endocrine glands is most likely to increase activity?

adrenal

________ is a reduction in the number of research participants as some drop out of the study over time

attrition

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the ________ include food, water, and shelter.

basic survival needs

The possible range for a correlation coefficient is ________.

between -1 and +1

Etiology is another word for ________.

causes

What is comorbidity?

co-occurrence of two disorders

A psychological disorder is a ________

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

The ________ variable measures effects of the independent variable

dependent

According to the dissociation view of hypnosis, hypnosis is ________.

effectively a dissociated state of consciousness

Diabetes is a(n) ________ disorder because insulin is a ________.

endocrine; hormone

The endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as ________.

hormones

Clive Wearing could remember which of the following types of memory?

how to play the piano

Research on ________ subjects must always involve ________.

human; obtaining informed consent

. ________ is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.

humanism

Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting?

hypothalamus

Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?

hypothalamus

The sleep debt is the result of ________.

insufficient sleep on a chronic basis

Which of the following is not involved in critical thinking?

knowing your opinion is correct

Which of the following is an example of avolition?

lack of motivation to bathe yourself

Which of the following defines antisocial personality disorder?

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

________ is the differences between hemispheres in the areas underlying language function.

lateralization

Behaviorists study ________.

learned behavior

Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown, after being away for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. He suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parents' hands, and swinging between them, feeling relaxed and happy. This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the ________, which is responsible for ________ memories

limbic system; emotional

When studying personality traits, someone who is calm, even-tempered, and secure will score low on the ________ trait.

neuroticism

Psychotropic medications are drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring ________ balance.

neurotransmitter

After Omar falls asleep he feels a sense of panic, screams, and attempts to escape from his room. Which parasomnia does Omar have?

night terrors

If you show an adult a toy, and then hide it behind a curtain, the adult knows that the toy still exists. However, infants act as if a hidden object no longer exists. What does this exemplify?

object permanence

The empirical method of study is based on ________.

observation

A negative correlation means ________.

one variable decreases as the other increases

Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in OCD?

orbitofrontal cortex

Trephination is the ________.

procedure where a large hole is created in the forehead so that evil spirits can escape

What is Abraham Maslow best known for?

proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

________ involves a virtual reality model of the world.

protoconsciousness

________ refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result

reliability

Which of the following is not a part of the fight or flight response?

running away

Green et al. used a ________ from their ________ of interest in order to make a ________.

sample; population; generalization

Which state is marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest while awake?

sleep

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.

studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

Due to Dominique' s obsessive-compulsive disorder, she may ________.

wash her hands every 10 minutes throughout the day.

Which of the following exemplifies the unconditional positive regard component of client-centered therapy?

Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accepts this information without judgment.

Which of the following is true about neurodevelopmental disorders?

All neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed in early childhood.

Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when ________.

An individual's airway becomes blocked during sleep.

Which of the following statements is not a hypothesis?

Anxiety disorders are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental influences

Why is psychology considered a social science?

Behavior is biological, and our behavior is influenced by our interactions with others.

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

What is a PsyD?

Doctor of Psychology

In the study of personality, the ________ model includes dimensions of conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion.

Five Factor

Which of the following does not influence perception?

Gestalt

A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principals of ________.

Gestalt psychology

Which of the following is an example of flight of ideas?

Gilbert talks loudly and quickly, switching topics rapidly.

Which of the following exemplifies a personality trait?

Ida is charming

________ (IRB) reviews research that is conducted using human participants

Institutional Review Board

Which of the following statements is true about obsessive-compulsive disorder?

It involves intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a good hypothesis?

It is complex

Twin boys both have a gene associated with aggressive tendencies. What is the most likely outcome to be observed in their behavior as they grow up?

It is not possible to determine the twins' behaviors based on having this single gene.

Which of the following statements about rotating shift work is false?

It will probably lead to substance abuse.

________, an anthropologist, contributed to our understanding of chimpanzee behavior in the wild, using naturalistic observation

Jane Goodall

Which theorist suggested that dreaming may represent a state of protoconsciousness?

John Hobson

Which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist?

John Watson

Which of the following statements about sleep-wake cycles is false?

Melatonin initiates the waking cycle.

Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why?

Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis.

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died

Which of the following is false of dissociative disorders?

People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture

In developmental psychology, there is an increasing interest in researching cognitive changes that occur later in life. Why?

Populations of developed nations are living longer

Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep.

REM

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of paranoid personality disorder?

Rafe is extremely suspicious of the people around him and mistrusts them for no identifiable reason.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "States of consciousness do not vary over the course of the day."

Remove the phrase "do not."

Which of these statements about Rosalind Cartwright is false?

She is a Jungian dream analyst.

Which theorist published research related to the psychology of personality?

Sigmund Freud

A(n) ________ is a chamber that isolates the subject from the external environment.

Skinner box

Which of the following statements about sleep deprivation is false?

Sleep deprivation often results in ADHD.

In order to assess whether viewpoints on decriminalization of marijuana for medical purposes change with age, four groups of participants, ages 20, 30, 40, and 50, are asked whether they support this issue. What is one flaw of this design?

Social or cultural factors may influence the results, not age

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of schizotypal personality disorder?

Stella laughed when her dog died and cried while watching a funny movie.

What should be changed to make the following statement true? Jean Piaget is famous for his theories regarding changes in emotional ability that occur as we move from infancy to adulthood

The word "emotional" should be changed to the word "cognitive."

What do industrial and organizational psychology, health psychology, sport and exercise psychology, forensic psychology, and clinical psychology all have in common?

They are all examples of applied psychology

Lesley, a sociology major, believes that money is the key to happiness. Her friend Stephen, a psychology major, believes that good health is the key to happiness. How might the two friends resolve their disagreement?

They could research peer-reviewed articles to see if either perspective is supported

Which of the following is not a potential problem associated with relying on college students as participants in psychological research

They have higher attrition rates than other populations

Magali and Jean-Gabriel have been asked to design a study investigating happiness across the lifespan. They decide their study will involve going to the mall and asking people of a variety of ages if they are happy or unhappy. What is the most serious flaw of this design?

They have not defined happiness or how it will be measured

Why can amphetamines be used to treat ADHD in children?

They increase neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with impulse control.

Which of the following statements about autism spectrum disorder is incorrect?

This disorder involves feeling overwhelmed and sad for extended periods of time.

Who argued that the notion of mental illness was invented by society (and the mental health establishment) to stigmatize and subjugate people whose behavior violates accepted social and legal norms?

Thomas Szasz

Who was the first person referred to as a psychologist?

Wilhelm Wundt

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological theorists, with the earliest theorist listed first

Wilhelm Wundt, Sigmund Freud, Noam Chomsky

Which of the following is not a risk factor for SIDS?

above average birth weight

________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.

action potential

The ________ wave is characteristic of stage 1 sleep.

alpha

Which type of chemical messenger do the male gonads secrete?

androgens

From an early age, Kwaku got into trouble constantly. He continually violates the rights of others and he often lies, fights, and has problems with the law. Generally, he is impulsive and fails to think ahead. He is frequently deceitful and manipulative in order to get the things he wants, and he never regrets his misdeeds or considers the feelings of those he has harmed. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Kwaku's personality?

antisocial personality disorder

A panic disorder is a type of ________disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks.

anxiety

________ research uses past records or data sets to investigate research questions or to look for patterns or relationships

archival

Which childhood disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests?

autism spectrum disorder

Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of ________.

being outside the home alone

The brain contains ________ of interconnected neurons and glia.

billions

Regular feelings of hunger are an example of a(n) ________ rhythm.

biological

The ________ perspective suggests that psychological disorders result largely from faulty physical processes, and the ________perspective emphasizes the importance of factors such as stress and thoughts as well as environmental factors in the development of psychological disorders.

biological; psychological

Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ________

biopsychologist

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?

borderline personality disorder

Xi needs to stay awake another hour to study for his English final, so he drinks several cups of cola. When he's done studying, he finds that he can't sleep even though he wants to, he feels agitated, his muscles twitch, his heartbeat is irregular, and he feels nauseated. What is causing Xi to feel this way?

caffeine

The belief that you ________ is an example of a delusion

can perform miracles

Dr. Mattar is interested in knowing more about brain injury to the occipital cortex, and he studies patients individually in order to gain in-depth knowledge about their behaviors. These studies would best be described as ________.

case studies

Krista and Tatiana Hogan are participants in a(n) ________ of conjoined twins who are joined at the head

case study

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.

central; peripheral nervous systems

The ________ receives messages from muscles, tendons, joints, and structures in our ear to control balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills.

cerebellum

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "Acrophobia is characterized by intense fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations in which it might be difficult to escape or receive help if one experiences symptoms of a panic attack."

change the word "acrophobia" to the word "agoraphobia"

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "For centuries, psychological disorders were viewed from a natural perspective: attributed to a force beyond scientific understanding."

change the word "natural" to the word "supernatural"

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The psychological perspective views disorders as linked to biological phenomena, such as genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities."

change the word "psychological" to the word "biological"

Physical dependence on a drug is indicated by the user experiencing ________ as a result of discontinuing use of the drug.

changes in normal bodily function

Bev likes to be up late at night and sleep in; Caleb likes to wake up with the sun and go to bed early. A psychologist would say they have different ________.

chronotypes

Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their ________ cycles are aligned with the outside world.

circadian

The ________ rhythm is the biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours.

circadian

The scientific process is ________, involving both inductive and deductive reasoning

circular

A(n) ________ case study is conducted by gathering detailed information about participants who are psychological patients.

clinical

Ashya wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in

clinical psychology

A ________ scan involves taking a number of x-rays of a particular section of a person's body or brain.

computerized tomography (CT) scan

Which of the following imaging techniques does not collect information about brain functioning?

computerized tomography (CT) scan

Identify the obsession in the following sentence. "Keisha is overly concerned about germs, so she spends hours wiping the surfaces of her home and washing her hands

concern over germs

________ is the tendency to ignore evidence that disproves ideas or beliefs.

confirmation bias

Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________.

consciousness

The ________ group does not get the experimental treatment.

control

An upper-level psychology class is conducting an experiment on racial prejudice that involves having participants rate the likeability of faces in a set of photos. However, they tell participants that the study is about the effects of aging on likeability. When participants are finished, they are thanked for their time and leave the experiment. In this example, the class forgot to ________ in order to resolve the ________ in the study

debrief participants; deception

Jerry allows others to take over and run his life. He is submissive and clings to those around him. He cannot make decisions without advice and reassurance from others, probably because he lacks self-confidence. He finds it impossible to do things on his own, and he feels uncomfortable and helpless when he is alone. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jerry's personality?

dependent personality disorder

Harrison et al. are conducting a study assessing the ability of depressed versus non-depressed participants to remember negative emotions in a short story about a family whose car breaks down. They plan to ask participants to read the story and then make a list of the emotions expressed in the story. Before beginning the study, they make a list of negative emotions (e.g., sadness and anger) that they will record from the participants' responses. In this example, negative emotions are the ________.

dependent variable

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.

depression

Ethics need to be considered when ________ scientific research

designing, conducting, and reviewing

A major advantage of case studies is ________.

detailed information

Exhibiting a personality that ________ is a common characteristic of all personality disorders.

differs markedly from the expectations of one's culture

What symptom of schizophrenia is illustrated by the following example? So bees with knees have fleas and fleas jump, I jump like a jack, Jack the Giant Killer. Giants kill and transform things and something happened, but we can't hear because our eyes are like flies that flew away.

disorganized thinking

Marta is pursuing a graduate degree in psychology. As part of her program she must write a long research paper based on the data she spent the last year gathering. What is the long research paper called?

dissertation

Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing a(n) ________.

dissociative fugue

Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression?

dopamine; norepinephrine

In a ________ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments

double-blind

________ is a technique often used in studies investigating sleep patterns. Researchers place electrodes at various locations on a person's head in order to record brainwaves.

electroencephalography (EEG)

Sleep apnea is defined by ________.

episodes during which a sleeper's breathing stops

Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________?

episodic

The theory of ________ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off.

evolution by natural selection

Which psychological perspective might advance the argument that our sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which are higher during periods of darkness?

evolutionary

Which of the following is an example of an objective measure used by functionalists?

examination of anatomy and physiology

The only way to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables is to conduct a(n) ________.

experiment

Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions?

experimental

Which of the following is not part of obtaining informed consent?

explaining the hypothesis to the participants

Seeing the light from the sun, feeling the warmth of a room, and hearing the voice of a friend are all examples of ________ stimuli.

external

When studying personality traits, someone who is quiet, reserved, and withdrawn will score low on the ________ trait

extroversion

The effects of neurotransmitters tend to be ________, whereas the effects of hormones tend to be ________.

fast; long lasting

Which of the following is not an example of suicidal ideation?

fearing you will die

Which of the following would be experienced during a euphoric high?

feelings of intense elation and pleasure

Gyri and sulci are the ________ and ________, respectively, which characterize the surface of the human brain.

folds; grooves

Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?

forensic

Broca's area is located in which lobe of the brain?

frontal

Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from ________.

generalized anxiety disorder

A difference in ________ can explain why one person dies from a disease and another person survives

genetics

Terri Schiavo went into cardiac arrest and her brain was deprived of oxygen, leaving only her brainstem functioning. Which of the following functions could Schiavo still accomplish?

groan and move her eyes

Mescaline is considered a ________ drug because it results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences.

hallucinogenic

Peer reviewers ________.

help ensure quality control in reporting scientific findings

Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ________ as objectively as possible.

her own conscious experience

An intelligence test yields the same results when administered on three separate occasions. However, the test's results are more strongly correlated with hours spent doing homework than they are with other standardized intelligence tests. This test has________ reliability and ________ validity

high; low

When Brady is hot he sweats. When Brady is cold, he gets goose bumps on his skin so he will warm up more quickly. This is an example of how the body tries to achieve ________.

homeostasis

________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels.

homeostasis

In a resting state, sodium (Na+) is at a higher concentration outside the cell and potassium (K+) is more concentrated inside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels ________ inside the cell.

increase

Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Oona should conduct research in the area of ________ psychology.

industrial-organizational

Feeling pain, hunger, thirst, sleepiness, and being aware of our thoughts and emotions are all examples of ________ stimuli.

internal

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________.

introspection

A sample that ________ is most likely to yield generalizable results

is large and randomly selected

A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design

longitudinal

________ research studies the same groups of participants over time

longitudinal

A theta wave is a type of ________.

low frequency, low amplitude brain wave

In a ________ dream, people become aware that they are dreaming and can control the dream's content.

lucid

Nancy is aware that she is dreaming when she has a nightmare, so she concentrates and changes her dream from bad to good. This is a good example of ________ dreaming.

lucid

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing ________.

mania

Isla is describing her dream to a friend. She explains that in her dream she being chased by zombies and she escaped them by hiding in a refrigerator. Her description of her dream is focused on ________ content.

manifest

A state of ________, as shown by EEG recordings of new practitioners, is not an altered state of consciousness; however, patterns of brain waves exhibited by expert practitioners may represent a unique state of consciousness.

meditation

Jennifer has been depressed for several months, and she decided to take an overdose of sleeping pills. After taking the pills, her breathing rate decreased dramatically, her heart slowed down, and her blood pressure decreased. Which brain structure is the drug acting on?

medulla

What hormone does the pineal gland release?

melatonin

Hyperpolarization means that the ________.

membrane potential becomes slightly more negative than the resting potential

Which of the following is an example of a synthetic opioid?

methadone

What is the number one occupation employing graduates with a BA in psychology?

mid- and top-level management

The ________ is located deep within the brain, and it includes structures such as the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area.

midbrain

Polygenic means that most traits are controlled by ________.

more than one gene

Kelsey had a CT scan that showed a tumor in the right frontal cortex. Which of the following behavioral symptoms most likely prompted the scan to take place?

motor skill deficits in the left side of her body

Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nathan's personality?

narcissistic personality disorder

Cataplexy is a symptom associated with ________.

narcolepsy

Samek was driving to work when he suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn't resist falling asleep. Samek may have ________.

narcolepsy

What kind of symptoms involves reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives?

negative

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts

obsessive-compulsive

People who have their corpus callosum severed for medical reasons would be able to tell you about which images shown to ________.

only the right visual field

Identify the compulsion in the following example. Demarco can't stop thinking about his book collection, which includes hundreds of first editions. He wants it to be in a particular order. He spends hours every day organizing his books alphabetically by author, then by color, then by size.

organizing the books

NREM sleep is a period of sleep ________

outside periods of REM sleep

________ delusions involve the (false) belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person.

paranoid

Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________.

parasomnias

The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract

parasympathetic

________ are subjects of psychological research.

participants

For a scientific explanation to be testable, it must also be ________.

perceivable and measurable

Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of ________.

personality

Behaviorists all focus on ________.

physiological responses that result in action

The ________ gland is often referred to as the master gland of the endocrine system.

pituitary

The ________ connects the brain and the spinal cord.

pons

Which of the following is not a forebrain structure?

pons

Peter is interested in pursuing a ________ training program with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention after he receives his PhD, which will allow him to further develop his research on adolescent suicide and broaden his research skills under the supervision of CDC researchers.

postdoctoral

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing a ________ disorder.

posttraumatic stress

Dr. Bogdarian noticed that one of her students addresses her with the word mother instead of the word professor or doctor. Dr. Bogdarian applies the principles of ________, and hypothesizes the student misspeaks because he is unconsciously associating her with his mother.

psychoanalytic theory

Schizophrenia is considered a ________ disorder.

psychotic

Drs. Goran and Lieberman are interested in assessing differences in pain threshold between men and women. They recruit male and female participants to a study that assesses tolerance for thermal pain. This is an example of a(n) ________ study.

quasi-experimental

________ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall.

range of reaction

What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common?

repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

Joffrey talks and moves slowly. When asked a question, he answers slowly in monotone monosyllables, if he answers at all. Joffrey is experiencing psychomotor________.

retardation

Research describing a link between childhood vaccines and autism has been ________.

retracted due to a financial conflict of interest by the author

________are mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as wearing bland, neutral clothes to avoid drawing attention to oneself.

safety behaviors

A ________ is a graphical view of the strength and direction of a correlation

scatterplot

Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior?

schizophrenia

Psychology refers to the ________.

scientific study of the mind

Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during midwinter. What kind of depression does Alexis have?

seasonal pattern

Hamid is a 9-1-1 operator. When the blizzard began, he was told he would have to stay and work three extra shifts to cover for coworkers who were not able to drive to work through the storm. After 32 hours of exhausting work, he makes it home and discovers he is unable to fall asleep no matter how hard he tries. Hamid may be experiencing ________.

sleep rebound

Which of the following senses is not routed through the thalamus?

smell

Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of ________.

social psychology

Shoresh suggests that Ted cluck like a chicken during the hypnosis not because he is experiencing an altered state of consciousness but because he is playing the role of a hypnotized person. This is a good example of the ________ theory of hypnotism.

social-cognitive

Sensory and motor neurons of the ________ nervous system are associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious or voluntary.

somatic

Sleepwalking is also referred to as ________.

somnambulism

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the ________.

spinal cord

A(n) ________ is conducted in order to determine whether there are meaningful differences between two groups in a study

statistical analysis

Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity.

stimulant

Which of the following is not a limbic system structure?

substantia nigra

What is one task that a peer reviewer is not likely to participate in?

suggesting magazines that may be interested in publishing the research

________ is/are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail

surveys

The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.

sympathetic

The space between two neurons is called the ________

synapse

The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing ________.

temperature, touch, and pain

Which of the following defines hypothesis?

tentative explanation

The ________ of a neuron contain ________ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system.

terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles

Considerable debate occurs regarding the use of anabolic steroid drugs like ________ in professional athletes and bodybuilders.

testosterone

Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________.

that applies to women who experience an episode of major depression either during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth

Psychology is a social science discipline. Psychologists scientifically study ________.

the mind and behavior

The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________.

the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior

Studying close relatives allows behavioral geneticists to determine ________.

the relative contributions of genes and environment in a population

Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. This research alone demonstrates that ________.

there is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer

While the American Heart Association (AHA) suggests that meditation might be used in conjunction with more traditional treatments as a way to manage hypertension, ________.

there is not adequate empirical support for its effectiveness

Tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same affect. This is an example of ________.

tolerance

Devine et al. are interested in assessing whether active versus passive play causes a preference for sweet or salty foods in toddlers. They assign groups of children to either an active play, passive play, or no play group and record their food choices when presented with a variety of sweet and salty foods. In this study, ________ is the independent variable and ________ is the control group.

type of play; no play

________ refers to the ability of an instrument or tool to accurately measure what it is supposed to measure.

validity

Which of the following is an example of research someone might conduct in the area of health psychology?

whether people working at a desk are more likely to be obese

Which of the following would be difficult to assess using empirical research?

whether the id, ego, or superego is most responsible for emotional reactions

The D.A.R.E. program is an example of ________.

why empirical research is needed