Psychology - Personal and Social Development
According to Erikson's __________ stage of psychosocial development, children learn to trust and eventually form a close attachment to those who fills their needs. A. trust versus mistrust B. initiative versus guilt C. autonomy versus shame and doubt D. industry versus inferiority
A.
Children associated with the insecure-avoidant attachment type most likely have caregivers who are __________. A. insensitive and unresponsive B. loving and nurturing C. inconsistent and insensitive D. abusive or neglectful
A.
Children of __________ parents tend to be happy and well adjusted with high self-esteem. A. authoritative B. permissive C. authoritarian D. uninvolved
A.
A child who does not explore on one's own and seems anxious even in the presence of one's caregiver is said to be __________. A. insecure-avoidant B. anxious-ambivalent C. disorganized-disoriented D. secure
B.
According to Erikson, healthy development is dependent on an individual overcoming __________ in one stage before moving on to the next stage. A. ego integrity B. an emotional conflict C. role confusion D. intimacy issues
B.
An individual's behavior characteristics, emotional expression, and intensity that is established from birth is known as __________. A. attachment B. temperament C. security D. contact comfort
B.
Which of the following is not a parenting style? A. authoritarian B. disorganized C. authoritative D. permissive
B.
The crisis in Erikson's identity versus role confusion stage of psychosocial development is that the individual must __________. A. be creative, productive, and nurturing B. control one's behavior in social situations beyond family C. realize who or what one wants to be D. form a close, intimate relationship with someone else
C.
When Marc was an infant, he did not adapt well to change, but as a preadolescent, he will eventually accept changes if they are introduced gradually. Marc is most likely __________. A. difficult B. easy C. slow-to-warm-up D. securely attached
C.
Which of the following statements does not represent a benefit of peer relationships? A. Jason and Sean argued over whose turn it was to play the video game but decided they would each get two turns in row. B. Josie listened attentively as Sonya told her what it was like to spend the summer at the beach. C. Erin teased her friend Jared constantly about his haircut even though Jared tried to explain why he liked it. D. Sondra and Alex often exchanged their favorite toys to play with every Saturday.
C.
Children of permissive parenting have a tendency to be __________. A. unproductive in school and lacking in self-control B. obedient and productive in school, with low self-esteem C. happy, confident, and competent, with high self-esteem D. aggressive, immature, and perform poorly in school
D.
Peer relationships are important to childhood development for all of the following reasons except __________. A. defining friendships in terms of actual activities B. defining friendships in terms of mutual liking and closeness C. using friendships as a context for self-exploration D. using friendships to keep a regular schedule
D.
The conflict in the intimacy versus isolation stage is the ability to __________. A. reach wisdom, tranquility, and acceptance B. develop a strong sense of identity C. learn responsibility, gain initiative, and feel capable D. form healthy, intimate relationships
D.
__________ is defined as the close emotional bond that forms between infants and their primary caregiver. A. Temperament B. Security C. Contact comfort D. Attachment
D.
Anxious-ambivalent children tend to be disorganized when exploring their surroundings.
F
Authoritative parents expect obedience without question from their children.
F
Babies who are considered slow-to-warm-up tend react to stimulation with negative emotions.
F
Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development emphasizes that development occurs by overcoming an emotional crisis in each of the eight stages of one's lifetime.
T
Harry Harlow's experiment concluded that contact comfort was an important factor in determining attachment.
T
Having the ability to speak one's mind while still being able to listen and compromise are all helpful traits necessary in developing healthy social relationships.
T
A pattern of attachment in which children are preoccupied with caregiver but are not easily comforted by caregiver.
anxious-ambivalent attachment
A close emotional bond that unites one person to another.
attachment
A pattern of attachment in which children react to caregivers in an inconsistent manner.
disorganized-disoriented attachment
Which of the following stages of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development does not concentrate on the relationship between a child and the most important person in the child's life? autonomy versus shame and doubt identity versus role confusion initiative versus guilt industry versus inferiority
initiative versus guilt
A pattern of attachment in which children appear indifferent toward caregivers.
insecure-avoidant attachment
According to the theory of psychosocial development, adolescents are focused on __________. developing healthy family relationships developing a healthy intimate relationship realizing what role they want to play in society improving and controlling their behavior in social situations
realizing what role they want to play in society
What type of attachment is displayed when a child actively explores the environment but seeks out the caregiver for reassurance or comfort?
secure
A pattern of attachment in which children use their caregiver as a source of comfort and security.
secure attachment
Emotional distress that results when infants are separated from people to whom they have formed an attachment.
stranger anxiety
