Psychology Quiz 1...

Which of the following is a common requirement of a PhD across different schools and/or countries? A year-long internship A minimum of three years of coursework A dissertation Earning licensure

A dissertation

Which choice is an accurate definition of a hypothesis? A tentative explanation A way of looking at the world A means of explaining social phenomena An idea that proves a theory

A tentative explanation

Which of the following exemplifies the unconditional positive regard component of client-centered therapy? Natasha is late for her therapy session and her therapist believes she did this because she unconsciously dislikes therapy. Xavier receives a hug from the doctor when he arrives on time; he does not get a hug when he arrives late. Boris tells his therapist that that he needs stronger medication and his therapist prescribes it. Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accepts this information without judgment

Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accepts this information without judgment.

Which of the following exemplifies the empirical method? Dr. Hysock-Witham decides to start her course later because so many students arrive late. Dr. Sarkeesian observes and records how watching cartoons influences heart rates. A student in a psychology class writes his term paper on whether or not fish feel pain. A student writes a letter to his professor requesting a change in course policy.

Dr. Sarkeesian observes and records how watching cartoons influences heart rates.

In the study of personality, the ________ model includes different traits that are believed to underlie each individual's basic tendencies. H.O.P.E.S. Five Factor Either-Or Fifth Dimension

Five Factor

Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology in the United States? Carl Rogers Francis Cecil Sumner Noam Chomsky Naomi Weisstein

Francis Cecil Sumner

A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principals of structuralism humanism psychoanalytic theory Gestalt psychology

Gestalt psychology

In looking at the area of multicultural psychology, what is a recognized deficit of this particular area of study? There are not enough non-White researchers engaged in data collection. It is biased by serious political agendas among its researchers. It can describe what happens between cultures, but not explain why those differences occur. It ignores the relative importance of White psychologists to the larger field.

It can describe what happens between cultures, but not explain why those differences occur.

Which famous female psychologist completed all of the requirements for a doctorate in psychology but was denied that degree because of her sex? Mary Ainsworth Margaret Floy Washburn Inez Prosser Mary Whiton Calkins

Mary Whiton Calkins

In developmental psychology, there is an increasing interest in researching cognitive changes that occur later in life. Why? Populations of developing nations are dying sooner. People in developed nations revere the elderly. Populations of developed nations are living longer. The elderly are contracting more cognitive diseases.

Populations of developed nations are living longer.

For which concept is Abraham Maslow best known? Classical conditioning of non-human animals Proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior Dream analysis for the latent and manifest content of a dream Studying the influence of reinforcement and punishment on behavior

Proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

A(n) ________ , also known as an operant chamber, is an instrument that isolates an animal from the external environment and allows a researcher to control that animal's rewards and punishments Skinner box isolation chamber Watson manipulator Gestalt room

Skinner box

Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism? Structuralism was parsimonious Scientific instruments were not sensitive enough to measure precise reaction times. Wilhelm Wundt falsified his results. The process was highly subjective

The process was highly subjective.

Which of the following is one of the reasons that Gestalt psychology did not become more popular in the United States? The proponents were supported and funded by the Nazi party. The theories were not based on measurable data The rise of behaviorism overshadowed Gestalt psychology. European psychology is not as rigorous as American psychology.

The rise of behaviorism overshadowed Gestalt psychology.

What should be changed to make the following statement true? Jean Piaget is famous for his theories regarding changes in emotional ability that occur as we move from infancy to adulthood. The name "Jean Piaget" should be changed to "Abraham Maslow." The word "infancy" should be changed to the word "adolescence." The word "emotional" should be changed to the word "cognitive." The word "famous" should be changed to the word "infamous."

The word "emotional" should be changed to the word "cognitive."

What do structuralism, Gestalt psychology, and Sigmund Freud all have in common? They were all concerned with describing and understanding the inner experience. They were all concerned with describing and understanding animal behavior. They were all concerned with the nature of evil during the Nazi regime. They were all concerned with diagnosing and treating female psychosis.

They were all concerned with describing and understanding the inner experience.

Which individual wrote Principles of Physiological Psychology and is credited with establishing a scientific laboratory of Psychology at the University of Leipzig? William James Sigmund Freud Wilhelm Wundt Wolfgang Köhler

Wilhelm Wundt

Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ________. developmental psychologist biopsychologist social psychologist humanist

biopsychologist

Ashya wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in? counseling psychology clinical psychology cognitive psychology social psychology

clinical psychology

When studying personality traits, someone who is hardworking, dependable, and organized will score high on the ________ trait. conscientiousness extroversion openness agreeableness

conscientiousness

Lucy wants to study changes in physical attributes, cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology. personality cognitive social developmental

developmental

Which of the following is not part of feminist psychology? studying psychological gender differences favoring women over men discovering the contributions of women to psychology questioning the practice of science itself when it is male biased

favoring women over men

Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation? legal counseling forensic cognitive

forensic

Which perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans. Humanism Structuralism Gestalt psychology Behaviorism

humanism

Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Oona should conduct research in the area of ________ psychology. existential-phenomenological theoretical industrial-organizational clinical

industrial-organizational

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in________. behaviorism introspection client-centered therapy psychoanalysis

introspection

The empirical method of study is based on ________. statistical validation. practice of skills or procedures. observation of phenomena. logical positivism.

observation of phenomena.

Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of perception cognition social psychology personality

personality

Dr. Singh has just completed her PhD program and is now applying for a year-long program at a nationally-recognized hospital. If accepted, she will greatly advance her knowledge of behavioral neuroscience. Dr. Singh is applying for a(n) ________ training program. psychiatric fellows applied postdoctoral

postdoctoral

Which of the following choices refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time? critical thinking scientific theory hypothesis statistical validation

scientific theory

Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of ________. Gestalt psychology personality psychoanalysis social psychology

social psychology

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective listed first. humanism, structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism humanism, behaviorism, structuralism, functionalism structuralism, functionalism, humanism, behaviorism

structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________. studying implicit motivations for behavior through the use of implicit association tests studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes studying the genetic basis for behavior and theorizing how instincts influence behavior studying how emotional responses influence behavior while deemphasizing the importance of the subconscious

studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

According to William James, what was the true purpose of psychology? Examining the structure and characteristics of the mind The manipulation human behavior to the betterment of society Studying the function of behavior in the world To interpret dreams for their unconscious messages

studying the function of behavior in the world

The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________. genetics and the evolutionary adaptations that underlie behavior the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior emotions and cultural norms that underlie emotional responses stimulus-response and the instincts that underlie human reaction to pain

the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ________. explaining the subconscious the operation of individual parts of the mind understanding the id, ego, and superego the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts

the operation of individual parts of the mind

Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________. genetics and the effect of genetics on behavior sensation and the effect of culture on perception thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions the effect of gender, race, and class on behavior

thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions

Which of the following is an example of research someone might conduct in the area of health psychology? how the age of a leader affects the productivity of the group what personality traits are present more often in men compared to women whether culture influences perception whether people working at a desk are more likely to be obese

whether people working at a desk are more likely to be obese