Psychology quiz review #5
Which of the following qualifies as learning under a classical conditioning process?
The association of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus
How did Garcia and Koelling's work on taste aversion change our understanding of classical conditioning?
They demonstrated that inherent traits can extend pairing intervals.
Robert Rescorla's experiments showed that for classical conditioning to occur
a conditioned stimulus must reliably predict a reinforcement.
A positive punishment __________, while a negative reinforcement
introduces an irritant to decrease a behavior; removes something unpleasant to increase a behavior.
Learned helplessness can occur when a subject
is punished repeatedly without recourse.
In Watson's experiment, Little Albert came to fear the white rabbit because
it had a similar appearance to a previous rat stimulus
Edward Tolman's rat maze experiment demonstrated that
reinforcement does not determine whether learning occurs.
When a conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without an unconditioned stimulus, a subject will
show less response until given a break, and will then respond again.
John Watson's experiment with Little Albert demonstrated his theory of behaviorism by
showing that emotional responses could be conditioned.
According to some psychologists, violent video games may be beneficial to young adult males because
they allow violent impulses to be expressed in a safe context.
Which of the following describes the phenomenon of a dog responding to a new stimulus that is similar to a conditioned stimulus?
Generalization
How does insight differ from trial-and-error learning?
Insight occurs in a moment of internal breakthrough, while trial-and-error learning occurs through repetition.
How do positive and negative reinforcement differ?
Positive reinforcement adds a reward, while negative reinforcement removes a punishment.
Why might multitasking have a negative effect on cognition when subjects are no longer focused on tasks?
The ability to discriminate among inputs diminishes.
Why are school-age children particularly likely to learn aggressive behavior from violent television programming?
They are not inhibited by observing negative consequences.
Classical conditioning is a learning process in which
a subject associates an existing stimulus with a new stimulus.
Which of the following is more likely to result from insight learning than rote learning?
A solution to one problem can be applied to another problem
According to Bandura's process of reproduction, which trait must an observer possess for observational learning to occur?
The ability to successfully imitate the task in question
A human could be most easily conditioned to avoid __________ if associated with nausea and discomfort.
a bottle of sports drink
While online learning materials _________, there is also more potential for students to
can better capture a teenager's attention; be distracted by computer interfaces.
A solution reached by insight is
easy to transfer to new problems.
Under the practice of operant conditioning, shaping __________, while discrimination
encourages complex behavior; creates nuanced responses.
According to the ecological relevance principle, which of the following is most likely to represent a conditioned response?
A rat becomes sick after drinking sweet water.
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
An angler catches a record fish at night and decides to stay out late every day.
__________ is an example of an escape behavior, while __________ is an example of an avoidance behavior.
Skipping a math test; procrastinating on homework
Why might violent video games encourage less aggressive behavior than violent television shows?
Unlike television shows, video games allow the user to interact directly with peers.
A variable-ratio schedule will reward a subject
on an irregular and non-conditional basis.
How can multitasking affect the quality of online learning?
By splitting attention between educational material and advertisements
A prisoner shouts abuse at the night guard but behaves perfectly during the day guard's shift. This is an example of
discriminative stimulation.
Token economies use operant conditioning to affect human behavior by
providing predictable reinforcements for desirable actions.
Which of the following is most likely to be an effective model for an adolescent girl?
A debate team captain who attends a prestigious college
Which of the following groups of children is most likely to display aggressive behaviors?
A group that watches a violent live-action video
Which of the following scenarios could lead to a disinhibitory effect?
A professional athlete avoids criminal charges after being arrested for driving under the influence.
Which of the following scenarios demonstrates latent learning?
After years of riding in the back seat, a newly licensed driver navigates to school alone.
Which of the following punishments is most likely to be effective?
Chastising a worker when he returns a half-hour late from lunch
