Psychology Review - Chapter 5

In which type of schedule must a specific amount of time elapse between the previous and subsequent times that reinforcement is available? variable-interval schedule fixed-ratio schedule fixed-interval schedule variable-ratio schedule

Fixed-interval schedule

In Pavlov's experiment, he conditioned his dog to salivate when it was shown a circle. Later, the dog salivated when it was shown other closed geometric figures including squares. Through his experiment, Pavlov demonstrated _________. discrimination general adaptation generalization spontaneous recovery

Generalization

Learning that is hidden or concealed refers to _________. latent learning modelling observational learning successive approximations

Latent learning

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer? Food Pain Money Water

Money

Behavior that is rewarded by partial reinforcement is ________. completely resistant to extinction more resistant to extinction less resistant to extinction not resistant to extinction

More resistant to extinction

Which term refers to the acquisition of knowledge and skills by watching others rather than by means of direct experience? Systematic desensitization Cognitive mapping Observational learning Free association

Observational learning

Which of the following is a view of cognitive psychologists? A. People choose whether or not to imitate aggressive behaviors they observe. B. Behavior is fully determined by the process of learning. C. People are most likely to imitate behaviors that are inconsistent with their values. D. Learning is a temporary change in behavior.

People choose whether or not to imitate aggressive behaviors they observe.

In the context of operant conditioning, when you keep posting comments in social media to receive more "likes," this is an example of _________. reinforcement punishment extinction regularization

Reinforcement

In the context of classical conditioning, which of the following helps organisms adapt to situations that recur from time to time? cognitive dissonance genotypic variation free association spontaneous recovery

Spontaneous recovery

What is the term for the view that learning occurs when stimuli provide information about the likelihood of the occurrence of other stimuli? Consistency paradox Contact hypothesis Conflict theory Contingency theory

Contingency Theory