Psychology section 1

according to Sigmund Freud, every dream is based on

fulfillment of a whish

Circadian rhythms are controlled by

genes.... different

people suffering from narcolepsy

get sleepy in the middle of the day

research indicates that medication is

a state of relaxation

What is a hypothesis?

a testable prediction

The goal of scientific research is to establish comprehensive explanations of observable events. These explanations are called

theories

what do sleepwalking and night terrors have in common

they are both fairly common in children, but decline with age

what is the problem suffered by people with sleep insomnia?

they often stop breathing while they are asleep

A cognitive psychologist studies what?

thinking and acquiring knowledge

The discipline of psychology was established in

1879 when Wundt established the first research laboratory

Adult woman who spend much time together often begin to have their periods at the same time as others is the influence of chemicals called

pheromones

The vestibular system is responsible for which kind of sensation?

position of the head

Which kinds of animals tend to sleep more than others?

predators

One thing that a psychiatrist does that a clinical psychologist is not allowed to do in most states is what?

prescribe drugs

an investigator who wishes to identify whether a person is in 1,2,3 or 4 of sleep would probably rely on which device?

EEG

Hypnotism was discovered by

Mesmer

During which stage of sleep are the major postural muscles most relaxed?

REM sleep

A person labeled as a morning person is likely

Someone that generally goes to bed early and gets up early in the mornings

The moon appears larger at the horizon than when straight above because of

an optical illusion

Which of the following is most likely to cause people to have difficulty falling asleep?

becoming accustomed to bed late and then trying to go to bed early

Psychology is best defined as the study of ______

behavior and experience

Sigmund Freud believed the following about the meaning of dreams

certain dream elements have the same sexual significance for every dreamer

The subjective experience of perceiving oneself and other entities is known as

consciousness

to determine whether a given individual is suffering from insomnia, which question should we ask?

does the person consistently feel tired and inefficient during the day.

During REM sleep

dreaming rate and heart rate are low and stable

The nature-nurture issue can best be defined as the study of what?

how differences in behavior relate to differences in heredity and environment

Hypnosis is a condition of

increased suggestibility

which of the following is FALSE about hypnotism

it gives people certain mental or physical powers they do not otherwise possess

People and most other animals wake up and go to sleep on a regular basis, at about the same time every 24hours. What causes this 24-hour cycle?

it is generated by a built-in mechanism within each individual

Circadian rhythms are those that

last about a day

Circadian rhythms are partially controlled by the release of the hormone?

melatonin

The word psychology was derived from the Greek word psyche, meaning _______, and logos, meaning ________

mind... word

The adjustable opening in the eye, through which light passes, is the

pupil

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the ear?

rods

A teacher needing help to determine the optimal methods for increasing learning and retention in his special needs classroom would most likely consult a/an?

school psychologist

The theories of Sigmund Freud have

sharply decreased in their influence

people with which of the following disorder have trouble breathing while they are asleep

sleep apnea

Olfaction refers to the sense of

smell

Subliminal perception means perceiving

stimuli weaker then the sensory threshold

the greatest difficulty with Frud's theory of dreams is that

the accuracy of the therapist's interpretations cannot be tested

when a normal, healthy person falls asleep, REM sleep is least likely when

the person has been asleep less than an hour

Which of our senses detects part of the electromagnetic spectrum?

vison

which of the following is NOT a common dream theme

watching tv