Psychology Study Guide 4

____________ is the process of revising schemas based upon new experience

Accommodation

The _______ effect focuses on the influence of the group majority on an individual's judgement.

Asch

According to Erikson, the conflict of infancy is between:

Basic trust and basic mistrust

The ______ refers to the common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from one generation to the next.

Collective unconscious

The idea that people's ideas about themselves should match their actions is called ______.

Congruence

Cognitive dissonance causes discomfort because it disrupts our sense of ________.

Consistency

Exposure therapy is a _________ technique.

Counterconditioning

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the US?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the therapy developed by Carl Rogers?

Direct therapy

Triple bookkeeping was a method advocated by:

Erik Erikson

Which of the following is an example of flight ideas?

Gilbert talks loudly and quickly, switching topics rapidly.

the "third force" of psychology is?

Humanism

In the structural model, the basic biological drives define the_______.

Id

The _______ approach to the study of personality came about in reaction to the dominance of western approaches to the study of personality in non- Western settings.

Indigenous

A study based on over 9,000 U.S. residents found that the most prevalent disorder was _____.

Major depression

The oedipal complex occurs during the ____ stage of development.

Phallic

An early science that tried to correlate personality with measurements of parts of a person's skull is know as ___.

Phrenology

Egocentrism is a characteristic typical of the _____ stage of development.

Preoperational

Dr. Grimes conducts a __________ by requesting that his patient responds to ambiguous stimuli, thus revealing hidden feelings, impulses, and desires.

Projective Test

In Milgram's experiment designed to study obedience, the claimed goal was to look at the effects of ___ on learning.

Punishment

When it comes to relationships, we expect to share thoughts, feelings, and ideas in a mutual exchange called_______.

Reciprocity

Making internal attributions for your successes and making external attributions for your failure is an example of _____.

Self- serving bias

For Piaget, cognitive development is a process of_______, not ________.

Supplement, Replacement

Which of the following best exemplifies prosocial behavior?

Tyler visit's his aunt once a week to bring her groceries

How long does psychoanalysis typically take?

Years

Jessica believe she succeeds in high school because she worked hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices consistently, and cooks well because she takes a cooking class. Julian Rotter would say Jessica is _______.

an internal locus of control.

Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern america?

authoritative

Macey is 15 months old, and her father is insensitive and inattentive to her needs. Macey reacts to him the same way she reacts to a stranger. What kind of attachment is this?

avoidant

Any adequate personality theory must explain

both why persons are the same and different

The frontal lobe becomes fully developed_____.

by 25 years old

Clifford falsely believes that the police have planted secret cameras in his home to monitor his every movement. This is an example of _______.

delusion

Theorists who view development as _____ believe that development takes place in unique stages.

discontinuos

Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well defines and distinct from one another, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with _______ disorder.

dissociative identity

Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills.

fine

Clay is in a therapy session. The therapist asks him to relax and say whatever comes to his mind at the moment. This therapist is using ________, which is a technique of _______.

free association, psychoanalysis

A treatment modality in which 5-10 people with the same issue or concern meet together witha trained clinician is known as_______.

group therapy

Knowing who you are and where you are going in life essentially defines Erikson's concept of ___.

identity

Freud believed that the most important time of personality development occurs:

in early childhood

Which of the following defined antisocial personality disorder?

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds.

What is groupthink?

modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus.

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of cognitive functioning that begins to develop in the formal operational stage:

object permanence

Zimbardo studied the effects of roles on behavior using a mock ____ environment.

prison

Electroconvulsive therapy is effective inalleviating symptoms for people with______.

severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy.

Which of the following is an example of self-fulfilling prophecy?

telling someone with dyslexia that they cannot learn to read, leading them to become illiterate even though she could learn to read with a bit of extra help.

A ______ is any environmental agent - biological, chemical, or physical- that causes damage.

teratogen

A recent study compared the vaccination histories of 256 children with autism spectrum disorder with that of 752 control children across three time periods during their first two years of life. Researchers found that__________.

the quantity of immunogens from vaccines received during the first two years of life were not at all related to the development of autism spectrum disorder.

According to Frued maturity in development appears in the abilities ____.

to love and to work

Patients at Manderly Psychiatric Center are rewarded with chips when they engage in positive behaviors such as socializing with other patients. They can later exchange the chips for privileges like extra TV time. This is an example of ____.

token economy

Dr. Duncan is a therapist who works with men accused of domestic violence. Although it is difficult she does her best to be nonjudgemental during therapy sessions. which aspects of client-centered therapy is this?

unconditional positive regard

Which of the following is the correct order of prenatal development?

zygote, embryo, fetus