psychology Test 3 ch. 3,11, 14

Whenever Claudia gets an A on her psychology exam, she believes it was due to the fact that she is an intelligent, hard-working student. However, when she receives a C on an exam, she blames the instructor's ineffective teaching style and poor choice of test questions. Claudia's behavior is an example of?

. the self-serving bias.

Which of the following principles states that two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage to be perceived as different?

. weber's law

________ best explains those high-frequency sounds that are above 1,000 times per second.?

A combination of frequency and place theory

. Which of the following is true of agreeableness in the context of prosocial behavior?

A. It is related to greater volume in the posterior cingulate cortex.

. ________ is the power of belief in yourself?

A. Self-efficacy

. In the context of sensory receptors, the intensity of the stimulus is communicated to the brain by varying the ________ of the action potential sent to the brain?

A. frequency

Which of the following statements about smoking is true?

Children of smokers are at special risk for respiratory and middle-ear diseases.

________ is the psychological discomfort caused by two inconsistent thoughts?

Cognitive dissonance

Which of the following statements is true of stress-management programs?

D. Establishing healthy habits and evaluating and changing behaviors that interfere with good health help avoid the damaging effects of stress.

Which of the following statements is true of the theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behavior?

D. The theory of planned behavior and the theory of reasoned action require individuals to hold positive attitudes about a new behavior. (unsure)

. Self-fulfilling prophecy?

D. effects show the potential power of stereotypes and other sources of expectations on human behavior.

Lawrence was just told by his doctor that his recent weight gain has placed him at risk for type II diabetes. Lawrence chooses to ignore his doctor's diagnosis. According to the stages of change model, Lawrence is at which of the following stages?

D. precontemplation

Your roommate has been engaging in risky sexual behavior all semester, yet she denies that anything is wrong. She is likely in the ________ stage of the stages of change model?

D. precontemplation

Which of the following is true of the sense of touch?

In touch we detect mechanical energy, or pressure against the skin.

Health experts recommend that adults engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity (at least 60 percent of your maximum heart rate) on most, or preferably all, days of the week. What proportion of American adults are active at these recommended levels of physical activity?

One-fifth

Which of the followings statements is true of the rods in the eye's retina?

Rods are found everywhere except in the fovea

Which of the following statements is true of individuals who exhibit hardiness?

They have a sense of commitment.

According to the self-perception theory of attitudes, what do individuals do to make inferences about their attitudes?

They perceive their behavior.

The perception that a stationary object is moving is known as ________?

apparent movement.

Cones?

are receptor cells that are used for color perception

Based on Claude Steele and Eliot Aronson's research on stereotype threat, we should be especially concerned about instructions for standardized tests if they?

ask for race/ethnic information before the test starts

In the context of the chemical senses, which of the following is true of the neural pathway of smell?

b. It first goes to the olfactory areas in the temporal lobe.

In the context of visual perception, ________ is the bringing together and integration of what is processed by different neural pathways or cells?

binding

The ________ is the area on the retina where there are no rods and no cones?

blind spot

According to the cognitive dissonance theory, when attitudes and behavior conflict, individuals tend to reduce cognitive dissonance by?

changing their attitudes to fit the behavior.

The immune system and the central nervous system both rely on ________ mediators for communication?

chemical

The primary function of the ________ is to collect sounds and channel them into the interior of the ear?

cilia?

When people try to confront Alfred about drinking too much alcohol, he replies, "Drinking may be harmful to my health, but I'll die having a good time." This statement made by Alan illustrates his attempt to reduce?

cognitive dissonance.

. Suzanne wants to lose 20 pounds before her honeymoon to Hawaii. Although she realizes that being thinner will make her feel stronger and healthier, she has a weakness for ice cream. She's not sure that she will be able to give up the short-term pleasure of indulging in an ice-cream cone for dessert today in exchange for the long-term benefits of weight loss. Suzanne appears to be in which of the following stages of change?

contemplation

Some of the characteristics that distinguish people who are in the ________ stage of change are that they possess a beginning awareness of their problem behavior but they are not yet ready to change it?

contemplation

A key hormone shared by the central nervous system and the immune system is ________, which is produced in the hypothalamus and unites the stress and immune responses?

corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

June is usually very quiet, but she recently discovered a different side of herself. During Mardi Gras, she found herself swept up in the festivities, doing the things that the other party-goers were doing. These were not behaviors that she would have ever considered engaging in on her own. Social psychologists would most likely attribute June's behavior to?

deindividuation

Cancer patients show ________ activity in the blood?

diminished natural killer cell (NK-cell)

Martha likes her new job but her workplace is far from her home. She spends a lot of time driving every day. Traffic is normally quite heavy and Martha is experiencing a great deal of stress. Telling herself to relax, listen to music, and to enjoy "alone time" in the car rather than dreading the commute would be an example of?

emotion-focused coping.

Denise has just finished a stressful week of final exams and she now feels as though she is coming down with the flu. According to the general adaptation syndrome, Denise's reaction to stress suggests that she is now in the ________ stage.?

exhaustion

Two years ago, Walter's business went bankrupt. Two months ago, his wife left him. Two days ago, Walter began having panic attacks. Selye would say that Walter is in which stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

exhaustion

According to the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), once the body's all-out effort to combat stress fails and the stress persists, the individual moves into?

exhaustion stage.

When sound waves move through the auditory canal to the middle ear, they first cause the?

hammer to vibrate

Place theory states that?

in hearing, each frequency produces vibrations at a particular spot on the basilar membrane.

The cochlea is part of the?

inner ear

Attributions that include causes inside and specific to a person, such as his or her traits and abilities, are called?

internal attributions.

Which of the following stages follows the action/willpower stage in the stages of change model?

maintenance

When one hears any sound, one's eardrum vibrates. These vibrations are then transferred to the inner ear by the hammer, anvil, and stirrup. These three bones are all located in the?

middle ear

Endorphins are?

neurotransmitters that function as natural opiates in producing pleasure and pain

The ________ theory states that cells in the visual system respond to complementary pairs of redgreen and blue-yellow colors; a given cell might be excited by red and inhibited by green, whereas another cell might be excited by yellow and inhibited by blue?

opponent-process

A man who slaps his wife during an argument is most likely exhibiting?

overt aggression

The sensory receptors for taste called taste buds are located in the?

papillae

Depth perception involves?

perceiving three dimensions

An alcoholic who believes that he is just being a typical college student and does not think his drinking is a problem is most likely to be classified as being in the ________ stage of change?

precontemplation

Festinger's social comparison theory?

provides an important rationale for how individuals come to know themselves

Mia began a running routine to lose weight. After a year from starting the routine, she runs for the joy of running. Mia has?

reached transcendence.

Katie has been diagnosed with breast cancer and is under significant stress. She is undergoing a series of chemotherapy treatments. According to Hans Selye, Katie is currently in the ________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).?

resistance

According to Lazarus, in ________ individuals evaluate their resources and determine how effectively they can be marshaled to cope with the event.?

secondary appraisal

Leslie, a first-grade teacher, recently received a pink-slip notice informing her that she would be laid off next year. She has had some time to think about how this change will impact her life, and now she is actively evaluating her resources and trying to come up with a "game plan." According to Lazarus's model, Leslie is now engaging in?

secondary appraisal

Perceptual constancy refers to our ability to?

see an object as the same size even though we move closer to it or farther from it

Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobsen conducted a study in 1968. The researchers told grade-school teachers that five students were likely to be "late bloomers"—that these students had high levels of ability that would likely emerge over time. In reality, the students had been randomly selected by the researchers. Nonetheless, a year later, the researchers found that teachers' expectations for the "late bloomers" were reflected in student performance—the academic performance of the "late bloomers" was beyond that of other students. The results from this study demonstrate which of the following concepts?

start of ch. 11 self-fulfilling prophecy

A using substitute source of nicotine to quit smoking works by?

supplying small amounts of nicotine to diminish the intensity of withdrawal

Which of the following is an example of a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?

syphilis

When Samantha's father passed away, Ronnie got food for Samantha's family. The giving of food after the death of a loved one is an example of?

tangible assistance

Individuals who have positive illusions about the self?

tend to show high levels of psychological well-being.

Lily does not approve of abortion. She is shocked when she finds out how many people in her state hold pro-choice attitudes. This is an example of?

the false consensus effect

From the perspective of the investment model of close relationships, long-term relationships are most likely to continue when?

there are few tempting alternatives for the partners

Cognitive dissonance theory states that in order to reduce dissonance, individuals?

try to align their attitudes and behavior.

Twenty-year-old Lily has been smoking since she was 12 and wants to quit. While no method is foolproof, the most successful avenue for breaking the addiction involves?

using a combination of methods.

Which of the following approaches to quit smoking involves using a nicotine patch?

using a substitute source

Attribution theory?

views people as motivated to discover the underlying causes of their behavior as part of their effort to make sense of the behavior

Identify the true statement about the pinna of the ear?

. It is funnel shaped and is the visible part of the ear.

. Samantha was injured in a skiing accident, and she lost her sense of hearing. The doctor who operated on her injuries stated that the hair cells in Samantha's ears were damaged. In order to help Samantha detect sound again, the doctor should suggest?

. a cochlear implant

Allison is at a workshop where a presenter is attempting to persuade people to make a rather risky but potentially profitable financial investment. The arguments for investing appeal to logic and reason. After slowly and carefully considering the presenter's arguments, Alison finds that this person's idea sounds compelling and decides to invest. This example best demonstrates the?

. central route to persuasion

. The ________ is the overestimation of the degree to which everybody else thinks or acts the way we do?

. false consensus effect

The elaboration likelihood model?

. identifies two ways to persuade: a central route and a peripheral route.

Which depth cue accounts for why parallel lines appear to grow closer together the farther away they are?

. linear perspective

Bob decided that he was a bit overweight and in order to do something about it, he created a new exercise program, something he'd never tried before. Though he initially had some difficulty setting it up and sticking with it, he has consistently done his exercise workout for the last eight months. Though it is becoming more habitual, the program is still not yet automatic for him and he reinforces himself with new CDs each month if he has successfully completed his workouts. According to the stages of change model, Bob would most likely be in the?

. maintenance stage.

In attribution theory, the person who offers a causal explanation of the actor's behavior is called the?

. observer

Kirby just got divorced. He is currently thinking about how disruptive and significant this life change will be for him. According to Lazarus, Kirby's behavior is an example of?

. secondary appraisal

The volunteer participants in Solomon Asch's experiment on conformity conformed to group pressure to select the incorrect answer approximately ________ percent of the time?

35

Jenny is a little girl whose experience of pain is different from other children her age. She does not have quick reactions to pain that help her avoid painful situations, such as pressing a pin between her fingers or biting down on her hand. However, she is able to feel the prolonged pain from these injuries. Which of the following provides the most likely explanation for Jenny's responsiveness to pain?

A. Jenny's fast pathway does not function as well as her slow pathway.

The theory of planned behavior includes the basic ideas of the theory of reasoned action but adds another important variable to the model. This variable is?

A. a person's perception of control over the outcome of the situation

Pauline is responsible and reliable. She likes structure and always sees a task through until it is completed. She exercises, eats healthy foods, and always wears her seatbelt. Pauline would score high on which of the following personality traits?

A. conscientiousness

Although the volume of the television is low, Katherine does not hear her phone ring when she is watching a movie that she likes. In this scenario, Katherine is demonstrating?

A. inattentional blindness.

Rob and Deandra are members of a football team. Their self-esteem is greatly affected by their team's performance. They tend to compare their team with that of the opponents in order to improve their self-image. Which of the following theories best explains this scenario?

A. the social identity theory

________ is the perceptual experience of the frequency of a sound?

Amplitude ?

________ are people's opinions and beliefs about other people, objects, and ideas, and how they feel about the world?

Attitudes

Equity is a strong predictor of relationship satisfaction?

B. during the early but not later stages of a relationship

. Katie, who is moderately liberal, attends a very liberal college. After four years at this college, Katie is likely to become more liberal as a result of?

B. group polarization.

In a study based on Tajfel's theory of social identity, Cathy is randomly assigned to Group A, and Sara is randomly assigned to Group B. When asked to award money to other study participants, both Cathy and Sara award money only to members of their own groups. This behavior is predicted by Tajfel's theory and best exemplifies?

B. in-group favoritism.

In the long run, writing about traumatic life events?

B. is associated with physical and psychological health benefits.

In the context of group decision making, which of the following is a symptom of groupthink?

B. pressure for unanimity ?? or underestimation of the power of a group

. George is looking at the colors on a paint swatch card to select the right shade of red for his wall. He is able to differentiate between the various shades of red on the card and makes a quick decision. His perception of the differences in the shades can be attributed to the ________ of light reflecting from the shades?

B. wavelengths

Mrs. Johnson's third grade class is creating a model of their school grounds. Each group of students is responsible for different aspects of the model. Some are cutting cardboard, some are painting, and some are making miniature figurines out of Play-Doh. Eventually, Mrs. Johnson will combine all these elements into a finished product. Which of the following visual processes in the brain is this scenario most analogous to?

Binding

________ depth-vision cues depend on the combination of the images in the left and right eyes and on the way the two eyes work together?

Binocular

Which of the following is a similarity between the cognitive dissonance theory and self-perception theory?

Both theories suggest that behavior can change attitudes.

Which of the following is an advantage of the stages of change model?

C. It can be used to develop realistic expectations of the change process.

Identify a true statement about the different types of sensory functions?

C. Visual information is mainly processed in the occipital lobes

. Daniel conducts an experiment to see whether he can taste a quarter teaspoon of sugar dissolved in a glass of water. The same quantity of water is used for ten trials. Five out of ten times, Daniel does detect the taste of the sugar in the water. His taste of the sugar five out of ten times represents his?

C. absolute threshold

Michael, a famous musician, is designing a new apartment that will serve as both his residence and his recording studio. Since the music studio shares a wall with his bedroom, Michael wants to be sure that the recording studio is soundproof. This means that Michael wants to be sure that sound from the studio is well under his ________ while he is in his bedroom?

C. absolute threshold

Which of the following statements about optimism is FALSE?

D. Optimism is something that you are born with, and it cannot be learned or cultivated.

Hugh bought a new calculator at Staples for $125. One week later, he saw an ad from Walmart showing the same calculator on sale for $65. Hugh said to himself, "I'm glad I got my calculator at Staples; the ones at Walmart are probably defective. I don't mind having paid more for mine." Hugh's statement reflects?

D. cognitive dissonance reduction

The stages of change model describes the process by which individuals?

D. give up bad habits and adopt healthier lifestyles.

. According to research on aggressive behavior, which of the following personality factors is mostly associated with aggression?

D. low levels of conscientiousness

. You arrive at your friend's apartment for a big party at the end of the semester. When you first arrive, the music is so loud that it almost hurts your ears. After a couple of hours, even though the music is still at the same volume, it no longer bothers you or seems that loud. This change in your sensations describes the process of?

D. sensory adaptation ?

John is selling magazine subscriptions and chocolates. He asks you whether you are interested in buying some chocolates for $1 and you say yes. When you go to get the money to pay for the chocolates and return to the door, John asks you if you would also like to buy a $25 subscription to a variety of magazines. Even though you don't read magazines, you agree to buy a magazine subscription. This is an example of?

D. the foot-in-the-door technique.

You are having fun at a New Year's Eve party when your friend Dominic tells you that he really wants to quit smoking. He asks you to share what you know about health psychology so that he can use your advice to help him to successfully quit. If you apply the theory of reasoned action to Dominic's situation, which of the following statements best represents the advice you should offer?

Dominic, you should make an explicit commitment. If you are really serious about quitting, you should make a New Year's resolution to stop smoking.

. ________ means helping another person for personal gain, such as to feel good, or avoid guilt?

Egoism

________ entails responding to the stress that one is feeling without confronting the root problem?

Emotion-focused coping

Dave is a handsome and famous celebrity. He has been dating Gabriela, a beautiful and popular actress, for the past two months, but he doesn't feel strongly committed to their relationship. Recently, Dave has been working on a new movie and several women have expressed their interest in getting to know him better. Dave is now contemplating whether he should stay with Gabriela or explore the more tempting alternatives. According to the investment model, what will Dave probably do next?

He will probably break up with Gabriela and give in to the temptation of dating other women.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of the trichromatic theory of color vision?

It fails to adequately explain afterimages

Which of the following statements is true of the concept of risky shift?

It is the tendency for individuals to more willingly endorse riskier decisions when in a group than when they are alone.

Which of the following is an effect of nicotine?

It leads to a pleasurable and reinforcing experience.

Which of the following is a criticism of the stages of change model?

It refers more to attitudes that change than to behaviors

In the context of psychological factors in conformity, which of the following best describes informational social influence?

It refers to the influence people have on an individual because the individual wants to be right

Which of the following statements is true of the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

It states that frustration always leads to aggression

Which of the following statements is true of effective coping with stress?

Multiple strategies often work better than a single strategy to cope with stress.

Which of the following conclusions was drawn from the Stanford prison experiment conducted by Zimbardo?

People are more likely to be evil when personal responsibility is removed.

. ________ are favorable views of the self that are not necessarily rooted in reality?

Positive illusions

. ________ is the cognitive strategy of squarely facing one's troubles and trying to solve them?

Problem-focused coping

Which of the following is true about coping strategies?

Problem-focused coping might involve coming up with goals and implementation intentions

________ involves strong components of sexuality and infatuation, and is often predominant in the early part of a love relationship.?

Romantic love

________ refers to the tendency to take credit for one's own successes and to deny responsibility for one's own failures?

Self-serving bias

________ is the process of receiving stimulus energies from the external environment and transforming those energies into neural energy.

Sensation

When Carlos first jumped into the pool, he thought the water was very cold. Although the actual temperature of the pool remained constant, after a few minutes Carlos no longer complained about feeling cold. This change is his reaction to the temperature of the water is an example of?

Sensory Adaption

Madison is addicted to drugs. According to the stages of the change model, if she is in the contemplation stage of changing her habit, which of the following will occur during this stage?

She will re-evaluate the role of this addiction in her life.

Which of the following statements is true of social comparison?

Social comparison helps identify distinctive characteristics of a person and helps in building an identity.

Which of the following is true about a sexually transmitted infection (STIs)?

Some STIs, such as genital herpes, are bacterial in origin.

Which of the following statements is true of the preliminary hypotheses about the interaction that causes vulnerability to disease?

Stressful situations make individuals more susceptible to diseases.

Which of the following statements is true of the structure of the eye?

The curved surface of the cornea does most of the bending of the light.

Which of the following is true of majority and minority influence in a group?

The minority in a group cannot win through informational pressure.

Mrs. Robinson shows her students different fruits every day. At the end of the month, she tests the children by showing them pictures of the same fruits to see if the children are able to recognize them. The children are able to accurately recall the names of all the fruits. Which of the following processes is specifically involved in the children's successful recall?

Top-down processing

Which of the following statements is true of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) axis?

Under chronic stress, the HPA axis can remain activated over the long haul.

Which of the following statements best defines conformity?

a change in a person's behavior to coincide more closely with a group standard

In the context of perception, ________ refers to the minimum amount of stimulus energy that a person can detect.?

absolute threshold

Leo quit smoking two months ago. He is hoping that he can continue to stay tobacco-free so he has been trying to find ways to support his new, healthy behavior pattern. He eats mint whenever he gets a craving to smoke. Leo seems to be in the ________ stage of the stages of change model?

action/willpower

One criticism of place theory is that it?

adequately explains high-frequency sounds but not low-frequency sounds

Clare climbs steps every day to stimulate her heart and lung functioning. She does this to remain fit and healthy. Claire's exercise is a type of?

aerobic exercise

When individuals desire to have another person near and have a deep, caring affection for the person, they are displaying?

affectionate love

When a rat is first introduced to an over-crowded cage, it will most likely enter the ________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

alarm

The body's first reaction to a stressor, in the ________, is a temporary state of shock during which resistance to illness and stress falls below normal limits.?

alarm stage

Which of the following accurately describes the sequence of the general adaptation syndrome?

alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

The purpose of parallel processing is to?

allow sensory information to travel rapidly through the brain

Your co-worker Christina was just laid off. You immediately inform her about a relevant job opening that you recently heard about. In the context of benefits of social support, you have tried to help Christina by offering?

an important source of information

When a person reads a book, the black ink of the words on the white pages looks the same, regardless of the place, time, and lighting in the room. This best demonstrates the phenomenon of?

color constancy

. In the context of social influence, Solomon Asch's experiment demonstrates?

conformity

The tendency to favor one's own cultural group over other groups is called?

ethnocentrism

According to the general adaptation syndrome, serious, wear and tear takes a toll on the individual during the ________ stage.?

exhaustion

The difference between the fast and slow neural pathways of pain messages is that, in the fast pathway?

fibers connect directly with the thalamus

The ________ is the principle by which we organize the perceptual field into stimuli that stand out and those that are left over?

figure-ground relationship

The tiny area in the center of the retina that contains only cones is called the?

fovea.

Deficits in the functioning of the ________ are associated with aggression?

frontal lobes

You come to a conclusion that Carla is a naturally anxious woman. You ignore the fact that Carla is currently taking finals and working 40 hours per week. You are demonstrating the?

fundamental attribution error

The major function of the ________ is to amplify vibrations and pass them on to the inner ear?

hammer, anvil, and stirrup

The ________ is a transparent and somewhat flexible, disklike structure filled with a gelatin-like material?

lens

Robert, a nine-year-old boy, loves watching wrestling on TV. Last night, he used several of the aggressive wrestling moves on his little brother. Which of the following theories best explains William's behavior?

observational learning

The crossover point where the right visual field information goes to the left hemisphere is called the?

optic chiasm

Jane was in a car accident, which caused severe damage to her head. As a result, Jane's vision was affected. Although her eyes are able to detect visual stimuli and form images on her retina, her brain is not receiving the visual information. This problem with Jane's vision is most likely due to improper functioning of the?

optic nerve

The ________ is made up of axons of the ganglion cells, which carries visual information to the brain for further processing?

optic nerve

The recognition that objects are constant and unchanging even though sensory input about them is changing is called?

perceptual constancy.

Raising one's consciousness about a problem is the key component of which of the following stages of change?

precontemplation

Self-belief and especially beliefs about one's ability to "see it through" is characteristic of which of the following stages of change model?

preparation/determination

Although several bulbs have burned out on the Movie Buff Theater's sign at the entrance and the letters are not completely formed, Caleb can still read the announcement for the upcoming movie. Which gestalt principle best accounts for this phenomenon?

principle of closure

Although many individuals use both problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies, over the long term?

problem-focused coping rather than emotion-focused coping usually works best

The mere exposure effect provides one possible explanation for why ________ increases attraction?

proximity

Rosemary is interested in studying the relationships among emotion, the nervous system, and the immune system. Given these interests, she will probably want to pursue future study in the field of?

psychoneuroimmunology

As light enters the eye, eventually it reaches the light-sensitive ________ at the back of the eye?

retina

The multilayered light-sensitive surface in the eye that records electromagnetic energy and converts it to neural impulses for processing in the brain is known as the?

retina.

In the context of group decision making, groupthink can be prevented by?

selecting an impartial leader

Jennifer is a chain smoker. When her friend Irene, a non-smoker, gets in the car with Jennifer she is overwhelmed by the smell of smoke. One day she mentioned this fact to Jennifer, who was surprised by the comment. Jennifer claims that when she sniffs her hair and clothing she can't sense the smoky scent. Jennifer's inability to detect the smoky scent is an example of

sensory adaptation

A door is still perceived as a rectangle even after we view it from different angles. This is due to?

shape constancy.

. Which of the following actions involves the application of chemical senses?

smelling a flower

The process by which individuals evaluate their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to others is known as?

social comparison

. You are studying in a quiet but crowded library when you suddenly start coughing. You soon notice others doing the same thing. This is an example of?

social contagion

The effects of others on our behavior can take the form of ________, imitative behavior involving the spread of behavior, emotions, and ideas.?

social contagion

Melissa and John have been happily married for 30 years because they have ensured that they have no opportunities to fight. Both of them have jobs so they contribute proportionately to the household income, and they equally share all other responsibilities. Melissa and John's happy marriage can best be explained by the?

social exchange theory.

The hormone that is typically implicated in aggressive behavior is?

testosterone.

Friedman and Rosenman labeled the behavior of the healthier group, who were typically relaxed and easygoing?

the Type B behavior pattern

Although Jeff frequently exceeds the speed limit by at least 10 mph, he justifies his behavior by erroneously thinking that most other drivers do the same. This belief best illustrates?

the false consensus effect.

Psychologists believe that the social facilitation effect occurs because?

the presence of other individuals arouses us

You touch a baby's forehead and realize that he feels warm and must have a fever. What type of sensory receptors relayed information about the baby's temperature to your brain?

thermoreceptors

Mark's ability to distinguish a trumpet and a trombone or his mother's voice from his sister's voice is most likely due to the ________ of these stimuli?

timbre

According to the stages of change model, when conscious attention is no longer required to maintain the new, healthy behaviors and such behaviors simply are part of the individual's lifestyle, ________ has been achieved. This occurs during the ________ stage of change?

transcendence/maintenance