Psychology Unit 2
Which of the following represents an interaction of one's nature and nurture?
The phenotype
In the context of dreams, which of the following statements is true?
There is no evidence to suggest that dreams express impulses we censor during the day.
Which of the following statements is true about thinking?
Thinking means paying attention to information
Explicit memory is memory for specific information.
True
Which of the following is true about the storage of information in long-term memory?
We tend to organize information in order of their hierarchy.
Which of the following is a reason for overconfidence?
We work to bring about the events we believe in.
Ben is a drug addict who does not have much money. He often acquires his drugs by promising to pay the dealer later. Recently, the dealers have not been supplying Ben with drugs on loan. Ben has been going without drugs for the past week, which has led to the appearance of several physical symptoms. He begins to shake and sweat profusely. In this case, Ben is experiencing _____.
a craving
_________ is the ability to generate novel and useful solutions to problems.
creativity
_________ is the first stage of information processing.
Encoding
Consciously ejecting unwanted mental events from awareness is known as repression.
False
Jamie is known to be "street smart." He gets by very well in the real world as he is very practical and handles difficult situations well. Jamie has naturalist intelligence.
False
The human ability to store information is limited.
False
Which of the following terms also refers to the waking state?
Conscious
In Gestalt psychology, a(n) _________ is a sudden perception of relationships among elements of the mentally represented elements of a problem that permits its solution.
Insight
_________ is a general mental capability that involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience.
Intelligence
Which of the following statements is true about the learning theory in the context of language development?
It emphasizes the role of imitation and reinforcement in language development in children.
Which of the following statements is true about psycholinguistic theory?
It focuses on the environmental influences on the acquisition of language.
Which of the following statements is true about the nativist theory of language development?
It holds that reinforcement by parents causes children to attend to and acquire language in certain ways.
Which of the following is true about elaborative rehearsal?
It involves extending the semantic meaning of the letters that need to be remembered.
Which of the following is true about maintenance rehearsal?
It involves mentally repeating a list or saying the information to oneself.
Which of the following is true of insomnia?
It is a sleep disorder that is characterized by the inability to fall or stay asleep.
Which of the following statements is true about a schema?
It is a way of mentally representing the world that can influence perceptions.
Which of the following is true about anterograde amnesia?
It is the failure to remember the events that occurred after a physical trauma.
Which of the following statements is true about explicit memory?
It is the memory of things that are clearly stated or explained.
Which of the following is true about the serial position effect?
It is the tendency to recall more accurately the first and last items on a list.
General knowledge is referred to as _________.
Semantic Memory
Which of the following is a key feature of mindfulness meditation?
focusing on the present
In Freud's psychodynamic theory, _________ is the ejection of anxiety-evoking ideas from conscious awareness.
repression
In which of the following situations do people usually require more sleep than normal?
when people are under stress
_____ is the loss of memory of personal information that is thought to stem from psychological conflict or trauma.
Dissociative amnesia
When Claire was baking an apple pie, the odor of the pie triggered some memories of her childhood. She remembered playing with her younger brother in the living room while her mother baked apple pies. Her memory is an example of a(n) _____.
context-dependent memory
The Atkinson-Shiffrin model of stages of memory intends to _____.
determine whether and for how long information is retained in memory
Using the phrase "Elvis's Guitar Broke Down on Friday" to remember the lines (EGBDF) in a musical treble clef is an example of _____.
elaborative rehearsal
In psycholinguistic theory, _________ is a neural "prewiring" that facilitates the child's learning of grammar.
language acquisition device
Joy speaks Spanish as she has learnt the language in school. She is now learning to speak French. She often notices that sometimes when speaking in Spanish, French words come to mind. This is an example of _____.
retroactive interference
The _________ is the tendency to recall more accurately the first and last items in a series.
serial-position effect
The observation that infants display considerable intelligence before they learn to speak offers little support to _____.
the linguistic-relativity hypothesis
The ----_____ is the feeling that information is stored in memory although it cannot be readily retrieved.
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
Ashton was struggling to focus on an assignment that was due the next day. This was because he was constantly thinking about a fight that he had gotten into with his friend earlier in the day. However, he consciously tried to push these thoughts away by instructing himself to focus on the assignment. Ashton was using _________ to put away the disturbing thoughts.
Suppression
