Psychology201 chap 4
Sounds above _____ dB can lead to hearing damage. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. 85 20 40 70
85
According to the feature integration theory, people do not need focused attention to detect individual features of an object, but they do need it to: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. remember components of the stimulus for description later. create a cohesive whole perception of the object. describe each of the components. understand how the elements fit together.
create a cohesive whole perception of the object
Gustation is to _____ as taste is to smell.
olfaction
The _____ contains a glomerulus for each type of olfactory receptor neuron.
olfactory bulb
The _____ contains _____ for each type of olfactory receptor neuron. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. olfactory bulb; glomeruli glomerulus; numerous olfactory bulbs olfactory bulb; olfactory epithelia olfactory epithelium; glomeruli
olfactory bulb; glomeruli
Blue is to short wavelength as _____ is to long wavelength.
red
With _____ pain, internal and external sensory information converge on the same spinal nerve. Please type the correct answer in the following input field, and then select the submit answer button or press the enter key when finished.
referred
With respect to the microvilli of salt taste receptors, sodium is a _____.
tastant
Standing on top of a ski slope the skiers at the bottom look very small. Of course, one knows that they are not. This example illustrates the _____ depth cue of relative size.
monocular
the brain, damage to area _____ may hamper the perception of simple tones. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. VT MT A1 V1
A1
Mike broke his foot while playing in an important football game but continued to play without taking pain medication. This is MOST likely because of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. faulty pain receptors. activation of the PAG. positive thinking. high pain thresholds in football players.
Activation of the PAG
Based on letter identification experiments, such as those performed by Anne Treisman and Hilary Schmidt, which alternative most accurately describes the effect of limiting participants' attention? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Limiting attention should have little effect on participants' letter identification responses. Limiting attention should cause participants to guess randomly. Limiting attention should increase the prevalence of illusory conjunctions. Limiting attention should decrease the prevalence of illusory conjunctions.
Limiting attention should increase the prevalence of illusory conjunctions
Daniel Simons and Daniel Levin conducted a study in which they asked participants for directions on a college campus. During the conversation, a table was moved between the researcher and the participants. After that, the questioner was replaced by a different person. Which alternative BEST expresses the results of this study? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Some of the participants failed to notice the change in questioner. More than half of the participants failed to notice the change in experimenter. A substantial minority of the participants failed to notice the change in questioner. Nearly all the participants failed to notice the change in experimenter.
More than half of the participants failed to notice the change in experimenter
Under extreme conditions, such as high stress, naturally occurring endorphins can activate the _____ to send inhibitory signals to neurons in the spinal cord that then suppress pain signals to the brain, thereby modulating the experience of pain.
PAG
Clem is missing the _____-cones. Clem is likely to have trouble perceiving _____. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. S; blue S; red M; red L; blue
S; blue
_____ hearing loss is caused by damage to the cochlea, hair cells, or auditory nerve. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Sensory Neural Conductive Sensorineural
Sensorineural
In an experiment, colored letters flash briefly on a computer screen. On each trial, participants are asked to report the letters in their correct colors. In one condition, participants are required simultaneously to monitor the screen for the appearance of a particular digit. What effect should the concurrent digit-monitoring task have on the accuracy of participants' letter responses? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. The digit-monitoring task should cause participants to guess randomly. The digit-monitoring task should increase the prevalence of illusory conjunctions. The digit-monitoring task should have little effect on participants' letter identification responses. The digit-monitoring task should decrease the prevalence of illusory conjunctions.
The digit-monitoring task should increase the prevalence of illusory conjunctions.
A consumer psychologist varies how long participants are permitted to touch various items. She records how much participants say they would be willing to pay for the items. The psychologist predicts that the longer participants touch the items, the more they would be willing to pay for them. What is this type of prediction called? Is the psychologist's prediction consistent with the research described in the text? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. The psychologist's prediction is called a hypothesis, and it is not consistent with the research described in the text. The psychologist's prediction is called a theory, and it is not consistent with the research described in the text. The psychologist's prediction is called a theory, and it is consistent with the research described in the text. The psychologist's prediction is called a hypothesis, and it is consistent with the research described in the text.
The psychologist's prediction is called a hypothesis, and it is consistent with the research described in the text.
The early use of cochlear implants has been associated with improved speech and language skills for deaf children. If this is true, researchers should find _____ correlation between the age of cochlear implantation and scores on measure of language skills among deaf children. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. a perfect a positive a negative no
a negative
During a hearing test, many sounds were presented at such a low level of intensity that Mr. Antall could hardly ever detect them. These sounds were below Mr. Antall's _____ threshold. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. difference subliminal absolute adaptation
absolute
According to gate-control theory, a back massage would most likely reduce physical aches and pains by causing the: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. arousal of the autonomic nervous system and the release of adrenaline into the bloodstream. release of pain-killing endorphins in the brain. deactivation of the pain receptors on the surface of the skin. activation of specific neural fibers in the spinal cord.
activation of specific neural fibers in the spinal cord.
One of the roles of the ossicles is to: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. protect the ear canal. transmit sound waves back to the environment. amplify sounds. vibrate continuously.
amplify sounds.
The brightness of a color and the loudness of a sound both reflect the _____ of a wave form. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. complexity duration amplitude wavelengths
amplitude
Which sound-wave characteristic is CORRECTLY matched with the unit in which it is measured? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. amplitude - decibel frequency - decibel frequency - nanometers amplitude - hertz
amplitude - decibel
The _____ problem of perception concerns how people perceive unified objects, rather than free-floating features. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. binding ataxia synesthetic transduction
binding
Drs. Richards and Jarreau both find that women can better distinguish among pleasant odors than can men. Dr. Richards proposes that women have more olfactory receptors than do men. Dr. Jarreau argues that women have more experience with pleasant odors such as those of foods, flowers, and fragrances. Dr. Richards is proposing a _____ explanation of the gender difference in olfaction, while Dr. Jarreau is suggesting a _____. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. top-down; bottom-up explanation top-down; top-down explanation as well bottom-up; top-down explanation bottom-up; bottom-up explanation as well
bottom-up; top-down explanation
Daniel Simons and Daniel Levin conducted a study in which they asked participants for directions on a college campus. During the conversation, a table was moved between the researcher and the participants. After that, the questioner was replaced by a different person. These researchers were studying
change blindness
The failure to detect alterations in the details of a visual scene is termed _____.
change blindness
Daniel Simons and Daniel Levin conducted a study in which they asked participants for directions on a college campus. During the conversation, a table was moved between the researcher and the participants. After that, the questioner was replaced by a different person. These researchers were studying: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. illusory conjunctions. the binding problem. change blindness. apparent motion.
change blindness.
The failure to detect alterations in the details of a visual scene is termed: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. inattentional blindness. common fate. change blindness. the binding problem.
change blindness.
A(n) _____ implant works when a microphone picks up sounds and sends them to a small speech processing computer worn on the user's belt or behind the ear. Please type the correct answer in the following input field, and then select the submit answer button or press the enter key when finished.
cochlear
Children with sensorineural hearing loss can find some relief through the use of a _____.
cochlear implant
Which set contains a discrepant element? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. {amplitude, loudness, decibel} {complexity, timbre, resonance} {decibel, wavelength, pitch} {frequency, hertz, pitch}
decibel, wavelength, pitch}
discrepant
disagreeing, inconsistent
With respect to visual processing, the "how" pathway is to the "what" pathway as: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. below is to above. anterior is to posterior. inferior is to superior. dorsal is to ventral.
dorsal is to ventral.
Cells in the visual cortex that respond to specific elements or dimensions of an image are termed
feature detectors
According to the text, there are _____ basic types of taste. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. four three five six
five
Change blindness demonstrates the importance of _____ in visual perception focused attention experience depth cues adaptation
focused attention
Michelle turned her head to look directly at an unusual butterfly that her friend spotted in the garden. In doing so, Michelle ensures that the insect's image falls on her _____, which gives her the best visual acuity. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. ganglion cornea iris fovea
fovea
Lu Tak plays the piccolo, which has a high pitch, while Jung Che plays the bass guitar which has a lower pitch. With respect to their physical properties, the sound waves corresponding to the bass guitar are lower in _____ than are those of Lu Tak's piccolo. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. amplitude complexity purity frequency
frequency
The _____ theory of pain emphasizes the influence of pain-modulating signals from the brain
gate-control
Ross strains his calf muscle at the gym. He is massaging the area. According to the _____ theory of pain, the massage should _____ his pain. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. referred; have no effect on gate-control; lessen referred; lessen gate-control; increase
gate-control; lessen
Salt is to sodium chloride as umami is to: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. sucrose. glucose. acids. glutamate.
glutamate
A white cloud is to the blue sky, as figure is to _____.
ground
A cochlear implant mimics the function of the: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. ossicles. eardrum. hair cells. auditory canal.
hair cells.
Research on many wine drinkers demonstrated that a wine's price has: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. no effect on its perceived taste. no cognitive influence on its perceived taste. has a cognitive influence on its perceived taste. a bottom-up influence on its perceived taste.
has a cognitive influence on its perceived taste.
sensorineural
hearing loss caused by permanent or temporary damage to the sensory cells or nerve fibers of the inner ear
The amplitude of a sound wave is the _____ of the wave. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. length shape height complexity
height
Denise wears an extremely bright safety-yellow sweatshirt when she cycles to the gym after dark. The sweatshirt's brightness reflects the _____ of the light it reflects. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. low amplitude short wavelength high amplitude long wavelength
high amplitude
The dorsal stream of visual processing is to the ventral stream of visual processing as: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. why is to where. below is to above. how is to what. left is to right.
how is to what.
The olfactory bulb sends outputs to the parts of the brain responsible for basic drives, emotions, and memories. These brain structures are the _____, respectively. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus hypothalamus, cerebellum, and hippocampus hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus
hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus
According to one study, the use of a cell phone while driving makes an accident four times more likely to occur. The phenomenon that is MOST likely responsible for this effect is: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. change blindness. an illusory conjunction. sensory adaptation. inattentional blindness.
inattentional blindness.
According to the text, supertasters may be at a(n) _____ risk for such health problems as colon cancer. Supertasters may also be at a(n) _____ risk for obesity and heart disease. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. increased; decreased increased; increased decreased; increased decreased; decreased
increased; decreased
Touch sensations on the right side of the body are represented in the _____ half of the brain, whereas sensations on the left side of the body are represented in the _____ half of the brain. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. right; left right; right left; left left; right
left; right
Aaron is sanding a piece of wood before staining it. He runs his hand over it to make sure that it is smooth. Neurons in the _____ portion of Aaron's parietal lobe are probably active. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. upper lower anterior posterior
lower
The region of the brain involved in motion perception is the: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. primary visual cortex. middle temporal area. corpus callosum. parietal lobe.
middle temporal area.
The middle temporal area is critical for the perception of _____.
motion
The middle temporal area is critical for the perception of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. color. depth. motion. edges.
motion
a person's visual perception does not match his or her vestibular input, that person may experience: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. referred pain. clumsiness. motion sickness. synesthesia.
motion sickness.
Temika has been prescribed glasses so that images are no longer focused in front of the retina. Temika is myopic, or _____.
nearsighted
According to the feature integration theory, focused attention is: needed to detect basic visual features. needed both to detect individual visual features and to perceive unified objects. necessary to build perceptions of unified objects. not needed, either to detect individual features or to perceive coherent objects.
necessary to build perceptions of unified objects.
Jay doesn't find unsweetened coffee bitter at all. Jay may be BEST described as: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. a taster. tasteblind. supertaster. nontaster.
nontaster
simple sound waves
one frequency only, a pure tone
Relative to the location of the stimulation, tactile information is processed on the _____ side of the brain; that is, it is processed _____. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. same; ipsilaterally same; contralaterally opposite; contralaterally opposite; ipsilaterally
opposite; contralaterally
Which sensation is NOT among the basic touch sensations? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. pleasure pain pressure cold
pleasure
The psychological experience of pain does NOT reflect the: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. amygdala. somatosensory cortex. frontal lobe. posterior parietal cortex.
posterior parietal cortex.
The German scientist Gustav Fechner founded the field of _____.
psychophysics
Timbre
quality of sound
With _____, internal and external sensory information converge on the same spinal nerve. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. gate-control pain B-gamma fibers referred pain A-delta fibers
referred pain
Children with _____ hearing loss can find some relief through the use of cochlear implants. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. sensorineural sensory conductive neural
sensorineural
Damage to the cochlea, hair cells, or auditory nerve may result in _____ hearing loss.
sensorineural
pure tone corresponds to a _____ sound wave. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. middle-frequency complex low-amplitude simple
simple
Brain area MT is located in the _____ lobe. It is part of the _____ stream of visual processing. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. occipital; ventral occipital; dorsal temporal; dorsal temporal; ventral
temporal; dorsal
Which area would have the LARGEST topographical representation in the somatosensory cortex? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. the right calf the lower back the left hip the lips
the lips
Hockey players who are playing in an important game sometimes get injured but continue to play without taking pain medication. This is MOST likely caused by: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. faulty pain receptors. the release of endorphins. high pain thresholds in hockey players. positive thinking.
the release of endorphins.
Psycophysics
the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them
gate-control theory
the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The "gate" is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in larger fibers or by information coming from the brain.
The sensory receptors that signal information about changes in skin temperature are called: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. thermoreceptors. papillae. thermal neurons. vestibular receptors.
thermoreceptors.
Which perceptual quality is CORRECTLY matched with the sound wave characteristic that it reflects? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. timbre - the mix of wave forms in the sound wave loudness - the wavelength of the sound wave pitch - the shape of the sound wave pitch - the height of the sound wave
timbre - the mix of wave forms in the sound wave
The same note played at the same loudness sounds different when it is played on a trumpet than when it is played on a flute. This difference reflects a difference in _____, corresponding to a difference in the _____ of the sound waves. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. timbre; complexity frequency; complexity frequency; wavelength timbre; wavelength
timbre; complexity
The taste buds are located on the: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. tongue and in the upper throat. tongue only. tongue and the roof of the mouth. tongue, the roof of the mouth, and in the upper throat.
tongue, the roof of the mouth, and in the upper throat.
For the sense of taste, _____ occurs at the papillae. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. flavor transduction cognition perception
transduction
For the sense of taste, chemical signals are converted into neural messages at the papillae. This is an example of the general process of _____.
transduction
Visual-form agnosia is most associated with impaired functioning in the: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. dorsal stream of visual processing. ventral stream of visual processing. optic chiasm. area MT.
ventral stream of visual processing.
While on a cruise, Jarrell becomes sea sick. His problems probably reflect the impaired functioning of his _____ system. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. olfactory vestibular gustation haptic
vestibular
The _____ system in the _____ senses the movements and accelerations of the head. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. haptic; skin vestibular; skin olfactory; inner ear vestibular; inner ear
vestibular; inner ear
Brightness is to amplitude as hue is to: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. pitch. color. wavelength. purity.
wavelength
The parietal lobe is part of the _____ stream, also known as the _____ pathway.
Dorsal , where
The field of psychophysics was founded by the German scientist _____.
Fechner
The failure to detect alterations in the details of a visual scene is termed _____. Please type the correct answer in the following input field, and then select the submit answer button or press the enter key when finished. Your
change blindness
Area _____ is a specialized region in the primary visual cortex. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. V1 A1 VT MT
V1
Giulio's bag of marbles is twice as heavy as Jim's. If it takes 5 extra marbles to make Jim's bag feel heavier, it will take 10 extra marbles to make Giulio's bag feel heavier. This BEST illustrates: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. sensory adaptation. Weber's law. the color-opponent system. accommodation.
Weber's law.
An illusory conjunction is a perceptual mistake where features from multiple objects are incorrectly combined. It reflects a failure of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. transduction. sensation. attention. adaptation.
attention
The sense of hearing is sometimes more technically called _____.
audition
Complete this sequence to accurately reflect the order in which light stimulates cells early in the visual processing of an image: rods and cones, _____, ganglion cells.
bipolar cells
Which alternative arranges colors in order of wavelength, from the shortest to the longest? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. green, blue, red green, red, blue blue, green, red blue, red, green
blue, green, red
Temika has been prescribed glasses so that images are no longer focused in front of the retina. Temika is myopic, or _____. Please type the correct answer in the following input field, and then select the submit answer button or press the enter key when finished.
nearsighted
According to the feature integration theory, focused attention is: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. needed to detect basic visual features. necessary to build perceptions of unified objects. not needed, either to detect individual features or to perceive coherent objects. needed both to detect individual visual features and to perceive unified objects.
necessary to build perceptions of unified objects.
In the scheme of "big issues" in psychology, the monocular cue of familiar size BEST illustrates the importance of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. nature. nurture. the mind-body problem. unconscious processes.
nurture
Area V1 in the _____ lobe contains the primary visual cortex.
occipital
The registration of light, sound, pressure, odor, or taste as the human body interacts with the physical world is called _____.
sensation
Detection is to interpretation as _____ is to _____. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. sensation; perception transduction; sensation perception; sensation perception; transduction
sensation; perception
Which sequence BEST orders the information processing activities described in the text, from first to last? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. sensation; transduction; perception sensation; perception; transduction transduction; perception; sensation transduction; sensation; perception
sensation; transduction; perception
Human sensory systems are designed to detect changes in stimulation, rather than to detect constancies. This is demonstrated by the process of _____.
sensory adaptation
absolute threshold
the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time
psychophysics
the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them
Sioban turns around because she feels a hand on her shoulder. The process in which the receptors in the skin turn the stimulation into a neural impulse is called: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. accommodation. an absolute threshold. transduction. a sensory adaptation.
transduction
Which alternative CORRECTLY matches a concept with an example? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. transduction - Mechanical pressure in the ear is converted into neural signals when certain hair cells bend. perception - Certain nerve endings in the skin respond to sustained pressure. psychophysics - Diane interprets changes in mechanical pressure in the air as the opening notes to the national anthem. sensation - Dr. Wilder investigates the relationship between the temperature of water and observers' perception of its warmth.
transduction - Mechanical pressure in the ear is converted into neural signals when certain hair cells bend.
Which alternative CORRECTLY matches a concept with an example? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. transduction - Mechanical pressure in the ear is converted into neural signals when certain hair cells bend. psychophysics - Diane interprets changes in mechanical pressure in the air as the opening notes to the national anthem. sensation - Dr. Wilder investigates the relationship between the temperature of water and observers' perception of its warmth. perception - Certain nerve endings in the skin respond to sustained pressure.
transduction - Mechanical pressure in the ear is converted into neural signals when certain hair cells bend.
Joanna hears the local fire department's 12 o'clock whistle. The process by which her ears convert the sound waves from the siren into neural impulses is an example of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. transduction. accommodation. a sensory adaptation. an absolute threshold.
transduction.
Sensation and perception are: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. two distinct activities. identical. opposing processes. independent of each other.
two distinct activities.
The dorsal stream of visual processing is to the ventral stream of visual processing as the "how" pathway is to the _____ pathway.
what
Some neuroscientists have recommended that the _____ visual pathway be renamed the "how" pathway. Please type the correct answer in the following input field, and then select the submit answer button or press the enter key when finished. Your
where
The failure to detect alterations in the details of a visual scene is termed: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. change blindness. common fate. inattentional blindness. the binding problem.
change blindness.
A dozen seagulls are seen as a flock because they fly in the same direction, illustrating the Gestalt principle of _____. Their movement distinguishes them as _____ against the sky's backdrop. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. common fate; figure common fate; ground continuity; figure continuity; ground
common fate; figure
Sydney deciphers a complex wiring diagram under the bright glare of her desk lamp. Sydney is mainly using her photoreceptors known as: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. bipolar cells. ganglion cells. rods. cones.
cones
In vision, the _____ pathway includes not only the occipital and temporal lobes but also the _____ lobe. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. ventral; parietal dorsal; frontal "what"; parietal dorsal; parietal
dorsal; parietal
Bees can see ultraviolet light, but cannot see the color red. This means that bees can NOT see: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. short wavelengths. any color. long wavelengths. intense colors.
long wavelengths.
The region of the brain involved in motion perception is the _____ area.
middle temporal
The region of the brain involved in motion perception is the: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. middle temporal area. primary visual cortex. parietal lobe. corpus callosum.
middle temporal area.
The parietal lobe is part of the dorsal stream, also known as the "where" or _____ pathway.
how
The moon appears larger when it is on the horizon than when it is overhead, though in "reality" it is the same size in both cases. This is an example of a(n) ____
illusion
Errors of perception, memory, or judgment in which appearance differs from "reality" are called: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. delusions. cognitions. illusions. hallucinations.
illusions
When a person views two objects that project the same retinal image size, the one that appears more distant will seem larger. This explains many: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. illusions. cognitions. delusions. hallucinations.
illusions
The mechanisms responsible for producing an experience of depth are also responsible for a perception of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. illusions. blindsight. Gestalts. color blindness.
illusions.
One process in perception is the binding problem. When this process fails, errors called _____ may result.
illusory conjunctions
The black floor tiles along the back wall of the Ames room appear smaller and closer together than do those immediately in front of the viewer. This illustrates the _____ depth cue of _____. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. binocular; texture gradient monocular; texture gradient monocular; interposition binocular; disparity
monocular; texture gradient
Mr. Aziz suffered a stroke in his parietal lobe. As compared to the performance of healthy adults in a feature integration task, Mr. Aziz's performance will MOST likely reveal: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. about the same number of illusory conjunctions. more illusory conjunctions when the displays are very brief, but not when he ample time to inspect them. fewer illusory conjunctions. more illusory conjunctions no matter how long he has to view the displays.
more illusory conjunctions no matter how long he has to view the displays.
Juggling two independent sources of sensory information at one time is called: selective attention. multitasking. sensory adaptation. signal detection
multitasking
Sherry is nearsighted; that is, she suffers from _____.
myopia
Kessa has been prescribed glasses so that images are no longer focused in front of the retina. Kessa is: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. hyperopic, or farsighted. hyperopic, or nearsighted. myopic, or farsighted. myopic, or nearsighted.
myopic, or nearsighted.
Jackson was just touched on his cheek. The pressure is registered in his brain as a(n) _____.
sensation
You wake up early in the morning and your room is fairly dark. You look over and see your shirt hanging on a hook. You know it's your red shirt because you hung it up there before you went to bed, but in the dark you can't see its color. It looks dark gray to you. Why is that? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. In the dim light, the cones in your eyes are ineffectual. Your optic chiasm does not function well in darkness. Your pupils do not dilate in the darkness. In the dim light, the rods in your eyes are ineffectual.
In the dim light, the cones in your eyes are ineffectual.
Certain neural circuits respond to specific speeds and directions of motion; these circuits are most likely located in area _____ in the temporal lobe.
MT
An area known as _____ in the _____ lobe is critical for the perception of motion. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. MT; parietal MT; temporal V1; parietal V1; occipital
MT; temporal
Figure is to ground as _____ is to _____. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. a white cloud; blue sky a hot summer; a cold winter looking up; looking down closure; proximity
a white cloud; blue sky
A person can detect a single drop of perfume diffused in an area that is the size of a one-bedroom apartment in 50% of trials. This is a(n): Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. difference threshold. absolute threshold. subliminal threshold. psychophysical minimum.
absolute threshold.
Abbie is nearsighted. Her vision defect reflects an error in _____, the process by which the _____ changes shape to focus an image on the retina. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. accommodation; cornea assimilation; lens accommodation; pupil accommodation; lens
accommodation; lens
A perceptual mistake where features from multiple objects are incorrectly combined is termed an illusory _____. This error may reflect a failure of _____. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. conjunction; sensation conjunction; attention correlation; sensation correlation; attention
conjunction; attention
Which sequence accurately reflects the order in which light passes through the structures of the eye during vision? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. cornea, pupil, lens, retina pupil, cornea, lens, retina cornea, lens, pupil, retina pupil, lens, cornea, retina
cornea, pupil, lens, retina
In a typical psychophysical experiment, the absolute threshold is a(n) _____ variable; in a graph, a measure of absolute threshold appears on the _____-axis. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. dependent; y independent; y dependent; x independent; x
dependent; y
Humans adapt after prolonged exposure to a constant stimulus to: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. detect potentially important changes in what is going on in the environment. respond to ongoing stimulation. reduce distraction by irrelevant changes in the environment. avoid overstimulation by the environment.
detect potentially important changes in what is going on in the environment.
Mr. Peyton has suffered parietal lobe damage. Mr. Peyton is likely to: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. display illusory conjunctions, reflecting optic ataxia. display illusory conjunctions, reflecting impaired feature binding. have trouble recognizing objects, reflecting optic ataxia. have trouble recognizing objects, reflecting agnosia.
display illusory conjunctions, reflecting impaired feature binding.
Monocular depth cues rely on the relationship between _____ and size.
distance
The parietal lobe is part of the _____ stream, also known as the "where" pathway or the "how" pathway. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. ventral superior inferior dorsal
dorsal
Three groups of volunteers take part in an experiment. In one group, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is applied to the occipital lobe. In a second group, TMS is applied to the parietal lobe. Finally, in a third group, no TMS is applied. All participants report the items they see in each of a series of brief displays of colored letters flashed on a screen. The group in which TMS is applied to the occipital lobe is a(n) _____ group in this experiment.
experimental
In the Ames room, the parallel lines formed by the edges of interlocking black tiles seem to converge toward the back of the room. This illustrates the depth cue of _____.
familiar size
Cells in the visual cortex that respond to specific elements or dimensions of an image are termed: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. sensory adaptors. feature detectors. foveal cells. bipolar cells.
feature detectors.
In a laboratory experiment, Shane is briefly shown a colored number next to a black letter. He is then asked to describe what he saw, and incorrectly describes the letter as having the color of the number. The researcher is probably studying: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. selective attention. illusory conjunctions. color deficiency. myopia.
illusory conjunctions.
The failure to notice objects that are not the focus of attention is termed _____.
inattentional blindness
The failure to notice objects that are NOT the focus of attention is termed: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. inattentional blindness. selective attention. change blindness. blindsight.
inattentional blindness.
In an experiment, colored letters flash briefly on a computer screen. On each trial, participants are asked to report the letters in their correct colors and to rate their confidence in their responses. In one condition, participants are required simultaneously to monitor the screen for the appearance of a particular digit. Whether participants must watch for a digit is a(n) _____ variable in this experiment.
independent
Malik knows that a passing bus is nearer than a parked car because the bus momentarily blocks his view of the car. This example illustrates the depth cue of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. linear perspective. texture gradient. relative size. interposition.
interposition
Some neuroscientists have recommended that the "where" pathway in vision be renamed the "how" pathway because this pathway: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. is involved in guiding actions such as reaching. includes different brain areas than researchers had proposed. processes information in a similar way to that processed by the "what" pathway. is not involved in processing the locations of objects.
involved in guiding actions such as reaching.
For a given stimulus dimension, such as weight, the _____ is a constant proportion.
just noticeable difference
Alp is participating in an experiment in a psychology laboratory. On each trial, he searches for a yellow diamond among yellow squares and blue diamonds. According to the text, his _____ lobe should be active. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. frontal parietal temporal occipital
parietal
Damage to portions of the _____ lobe results in a higher likelihood that individuals will display illusory conjunctions.
parietal
Feature binding depends not only on the ventral stream but also the _____ lobe in the dorsal stream.
parietal
The binding problem of perception is concerned with how: perceptions relate to the objects that generate them. people perceive unified objects, rather than free-floating features. perceptions are bound to minds. many books an individual can read at one time.
people perceive unified objects, rather than free-floating features.
Consider the figure within parentheses: (XX XX XX). Most people perceive three pairs of X's. This reflects the Gestalt principle of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. closure. similarity. continuity. proximity.
proximity
Dr. Breiland examines the relationship between the physical properties of light, such as its amplitude and wavelength, and a person's perception of color. Which term MOST accurately describes Dr. Breiland's field of study? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. psychophysics sensation perception experimental psychology
psychophysics
Dr. Garner studies the relationship between the objective brightness of visual stimuli and observers' subjective impression of their brightness. Dr. Garner's area of study is: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. sensation. experimental psychology. perception. psychophysics.
psychophysics
The German scientist Gustav Fechner founded the field of _____. Please type the correct answer in the following input field, and then select the submit answer button or press the enter key when finished.
psychophysics
The German scientist Gustav Fechner founded the field of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. synesthesia. introspective psychology. perception. psychophysics.
psychophysics
Dr. Garner studies the relationship between the objective brightness of visual stimuli and observers' subjective impression of their brightness. Dr. Garner's area of study is: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. experimental psychology. sensation. psychophysics. perception.
psychophysics.
Dr. Lockhart varies the amount of sweetener dissolved in a cup of black coffee. Participants rate the sweetness of the coffee. Dr. Lockhart's investigation is an example of _____, and the dependent variable is _____. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. introspection; amount of sweetener psychophysics; amount of sweetener psychophysics; sweetness ratings introspection; sweetness ratings
psychophysics; sweetness ratings
Tammy draws a picture in which the mountains are closer to the top of her paper than the nearby trees in her picture. This is an example of the monocular distance cue known as: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. texture gradient. linear perspective. relative height. interposition.
relative height.
Pablo is standing on the beach and the sea is choppy. He observes that the crests of distant waves appear not only smaller, but also higher in his field of vision than do the crests of waves nearer the beach. This example illustrates the monocular depth cues of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. relative size and interposition. linear perspective and relative height. relative size and relative height. linear perspective and interposition.
relative size and relative height.
Feature detectors do NOT: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. reside in the visual cortex. respond to information provided by individual bipolar cells. receive information from specific ganglion cells. process information about the shape, angle, or movement collected from a visual scene.
respond to information provided by individual bipolar cells.
Brain damage is LEAST likely to affect: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. cognition. sensation. perception. transduction.
sensation
Human sensory systems are designed to detect changes in stimulation, rather than to detect constancies. This is demonstrated by the process of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. signal detection. synesthesia. sensory adaptation. accommodation.
sensory adaptation.
Janice tells her little brother that, pigs, cows, goats and chickens are all farm animals. Janice is using a variation of the Gestalt grouping rule of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. simplicity. similarity. proximity. common fate.
similarity
Certain neural circuits respond to specific speeds and directions of motion; these circuits are most likely located in area MT in the _____ lobe.
temporal
The lateral geniculate nucleus is located in the: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. hypothalamus. amygdala. hippocampus. thalamus.
thalamus.
