Psychology201 maintain memories over time

anterograde amnesia.

an inability to form new memories

retrograde amnesia.

an inability to retrieve information from one's past

One day while gardening, Greg tripped over a coil of wound-up hose and fell face first on the pavement. He suffered damage to his hippocampal region, and while recovering in the hospital, he consistently greeted his friends and family as though he was seeing them again for the first time in a long time. Greg often forgot what he was doing during the day. However, he could still recall, without effort, adventures from his teenage years. MOST likely, Greg has what would be called: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. anterograde amnesia. long-term potentiation. Incorrect: short-term potentiation. short-term potentiation. Incorrect: retrograde amnesia. retrograde amnesia.

anterograde amnesia.

The type of storage with the largest capacity is _____ memory.

long-term

Once someone learns information, it is _____ so that it can be accessed later. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. discarded permanently stored in long-term memory stored in the spinal cord stored in the brain

stored in the brain

visuo-spatial sketchpad.

stores visual and spatial information, including visual imagery

retroactive interference.

the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information

proactive interference.

the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information

semantic encoding

the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words

Jessica is trying to memorize all 26 definitions in her chemistry booklet in the last 2 minutes before the exam. She believes that she can store all the definitions in her short-term memory. In fact, her short-term memory is able to hold approximately _____ of the definitions. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. 7 12 25 20

7

episodic buffer.

A component of working memory where information in working memory interacts with information in long term memory (eg. relating information you are processing to a previous memory)

Finn meets a woman at a party. She gives Finn her telephone number so he can call her. Finn has about _____ to write down the number before his short-term memory store is depleted. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. 15 to 20 seconds 1 to 5 seconds 50 seconds to 1 minute 30 to 45 seconds

Correct: 15 to 20 seconds 15 to 20 seconds

The idea of the hippocampal-region index can explain why people like HM (Henry Molaison): Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. cannot make new memories and cannot remember old ones. cannot make new memories but can remember old ones. can make new memories and can remember old ones. can make new memories but cannot remember old ones.

cannot make new memories but can remember old ones.

Zinovy was in a car accident and suffered a head injury. He cannot remember what happened immediately before the accident. Zinovy's injury prevented the _____ of the events. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. reconsolidation consolidation state-dependent transfer transfer-appropriate processing

consolidation

Aiden is participating in a study in which he has to find his way through an indoor maze. After he successfully navigates his way, a researcher injects him with a drug. Subsequently, Aiden cannot find his way out of the labyrinth. The researcher has probably given him a drug that blocks: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. long-term potentiation. amnesia. source memory. semantic encoding.

long-term potentiation

The spaces between neurons are important to long-term memory because they allow: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. space for new neurons to form; the formation of new neurons creates long-term memories. space for new glial cells to form; the formation of new glial cells creates long-term memories. neurons to communicate; each instance of communication strengthens the connections between the neurons, which strengthens memories. neurotransmitters to form a permanent link binding receptors on both sides of the gap; this nearly indestructible link allows for long-term memories.

neurons to communicate; each instance of communication strengthens the connections between the neurons, which strengthens memories

source memory

recall of when, where, and how information was acquired

Jan is almost killed in a parachuting accident. When she recalls the event, she becomes extremely fearful as if she is reliving the experience. Jan goes to see a psychologist who asks her to recall the event in detail. Jan does so and becomes fearful as she retells the story. The doctor asks Jan to think about how the event must also have been exhilarating because she was flying, if only for a short period of time. In the future, when Jan recalls the event, she does so without fear. Jan's doctor may have influenced Jan's _____ of the event. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. reconsolidation sensory memory consolidation transfer

reconsolidation

Nate is going to the grocery store to pick up a few things. He refuses to write a list, but instead repeats the eight items he intends to buy over and over in his head on the way to the store. This is an example of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. chunking. rehearsal. blocking. bias.

rehearsal

If Xavier used rehearsal to remember a grocery list, he would: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. combine more than one grocery item to form one meaningful item. repeat the items over and over. imagine each of the grocery items in different locations in his apartment. create a story using the names of the grocery items.

repeat the items over and over.

Omar experienced a dissociative fugue state. He suddenly snapped out of it in front of a pet supplies display in a Boise, Idaho discount store; he had no memory whatsoever of his previous life in Greensboro, North Carolina. Omar's amnesia is best described as: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. proactive. retrograde. anterograde. retroactive.

retrograde

The inability to retrieve events that occurred prior to a head injury or operation is known as: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. retroactive interference. anterograde amnesia. retrograde amnesia. proactive interference.

retrograde amnesia.

Before information can be transferred to short-term memory it must first be a part of _____ memory.

sensory

Before information can be transferred to short-term memory, it must first be a part of _____ memory. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. working long-term episodic sensory

sensory

Before information can be transferred to long-term memory, it must first be a part of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. episodic memory and sensory memory. working memory and semantic memory. sensory memory and short-term memory. episodic memory and flashbulb memory.

sensory memory and short-term memory

Dakota was given a list of 7 items to buy at the drug store but did not attempt to encode it and so he could not remember it later. More than likely the items never made it past his _____ memory. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. echoic sensory short-term long-term

short-term

Information must proceed through sensory memory, _____ memory, and then to long-term memory.

short-term

Mary is trying to help her daughter sell Girl Scout cookies. A fellow colleague at work tells her 7 different boxes of cookies he wants to buy. Mary must write these down right away because she has about 15 to 20 seconds before her _____ store is depleted. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. episodic long-term sensory short-term

short-term

Susan meets a man at a party. He gives Susan his telephone number so she can call him. Susan must enter the number into her phone right away because she has about 15 to 20 seconds before her _____ memory store is depleted. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. short-term long-term episodic sensory

short-term

The observation that people like HM cannot make new memories but can remember old ones can be explained by: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. the hippocampal-region index. NMDA receptors. transfer-appropriate processing. the encoding specificity principle.

the hippocampal-region index.

sensory memory

the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

phonological loop.

the part of working memory that holds and processes verbal and auditory information

consolidation

the process by which memories become stable in the brain

Angel is considering how best to run several errands between his last class in the afternoon and the beginning of his shift at work 2 hours later. In his mind's eye, he sees a mental map of the town. This map helps Angel factor distances, traffic, and so on into his plans. This map is in his working memory component called the: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. central executive. phonological loop. visuo-spatial sketchpad. episodic buffer.

visuo-spatial sketchpad.

Storing information and manipulating it, such as calculating a simple addition problem in one's head, would require the use of _____ memory.

working

The central executive is a component of _____ memory. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. long-term working implicit sensory

working