Psychosocial/Mental Health & Challenges
bipolar disorder
-AKA manic depression -have severe mood swings, ranging from extreme highs (mania) to extreme lows (depression)
major depressive disorder
-characterized by chronic persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, loneliness, and isolation -also characterized by insomnia or persistent oversleeping, inability to cry or stop crying, suicidal ideation, loss of pleasure, poor self-care ( bathing, grooming, etc.)
How does family influence psychosocial health?
-children raised in healthy, nurturing, happy families are more likely to become well adjusted, productive adults -children fro dysfunctional families have harder time adapting to life and run an increased risk of psychosocial problems. Love, security, and unconditional trust are so lacking that children often become confused and psychologically bruised
Psychologist
-has PsyD or PhD -an analyst -may diagnose and provide range of therapeutic intervention
psychosocial health
-the mental (thinking), emotional(feeling), social(relating), and spiritual(being) dimensions of health
mental health
-the thinking or rational part of psychosocial health -the successful performance of mental functions and results in productive activities, fulfilling relationships and the ability to cope with life's challenges, able to learn from experience -plays a role in the way we think, communicate, express emotions and feel about ourselves (includes or values, beliefs and attitudes)
What does an emotionally healthy person look like?
-usually responds appropriately to upsetting events. Rather than respond in an extreme fashion or behave inconsistently/offensively, they're able to express feelings, communicate with others, and slow emotions in appropriate ways
How does lifespan/maturity influence psychosocial health?
-where we are in life can affect health (psychosocial health differs when we're in teen yrs, 20s, 30s, etc) -our temperament changes as we move through life -college yrs mark a critical transition period for young adults as they move away from family and establish themselves as independent adults -transition to independence is easier for those who have successfully accomplished earlier developmental tasks, such as learning how to solve problems, make/evaluate decisions, and establish both casual/intimate relationships
Persistent, low level depression. Similar to major depressive disorder but individual may retain ability to function, occasionally pull self out of depression
Dysthmic Disorder
Which of the following represents the primary difference between emotional health and mental health?
Emotional health deals specifically with feelings rather than thought processes
Celia spends a good deal of her time worrying, is easily fatigued, and often has difficulty concentrating, which is affecting her grades. Her symptoms may characterize
GAD
borderline PD
Highly manipulative, unpredictable, self-destructive patterns of behavior
-a consumer run organization that inspires hope/contribution to the resiliency and well-being of mental health consumers -an example of an intervention to address MH stigma
PEERS (peer envisioning and engaging in recovery services)
Anxiety triggered by persistent memories, flashbacks, unresolved feelings from experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event (violence, war, torture, etc.)
PTSD (post traumatic stress disorder)
Anxiety disorder characterized by panic attacks (episodes of sudden, overwhelming, disabling worry often accompanied by high blood pressure, increased respiration, increased myotonia, etc.)
Panic disorder
Which of the following statements about schizophrenia is true?
Schizophrenia is a biological disease of the brain
GAD (general anxiety disorder)
a constant sense of worry that may cause restlessness, difficulty in concentrating, tension and other symptoms
social health
aspect of psychosocial health that includes interactions with others on an individual and group basis, ability to use social resources/support in times of need, and ability to adapt to various social situations
What is the #1 mental health problem in the US? a. depression b. anxiety disorder c. alcohol dependence d. schizophrenia
b. anxiety disorder
A person with a phD in counseling psychology and training in various type of therapy is a a. psychiatrist b. psychologist c. social worker d. psychoanalyst
b. psychologist
Chronic, alternating episodes of depression and mania (exuberance, excitability)
bipolar disorder
Melody has been experiencing severe mood swings, having a lot of energy at one moment and then experiencing a depressed state. Melody is displaying symptoms of
bipolar disorder
Every winter, Stan suffers from irritability, apathy, carb craving, weight gain, increased sleep time, and sadness. He most likely has a. panic disorder b. generalized anxiety disorder c. seasonal affective disorder d. chronic mood disorder
c. seasonal affective disorder
panic disorders
characterized by occurrence of panic attacks, or severe anxiety reaction in which a particular situation, often for unknown reasons, causes terror
depressive disorder
chronic persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, loneliness and isolation
mental illness
disorders that disrupt thinking, feeling, mood and behaviors and that impair daily functioning
narcisstic PD
exaggerated sense of self, unshakable sense of entitlement, inability to feel empathy
risk factors for suicide
family history of suicide, previous suicide attempts, prolonged depression, excessive drug and alcohol use, serious illness in oneself or loved ones, loss of loved one, financial difficulties
dysfunctional family
family in which there's violence, physical/emotional/sexual abuse, parental discord and other negative interactions
Which of the following is NOT a common sign of major depression (clinical depression)?
feeling highly energetic
paranoid PD
intense, unshakable suspicion & paranoia
Sharon has lost two jobs in the past year. She blames her coworkers whom she says didn't like her. She says that they were purposely trying to sabotage her and that she did absolutely nothing wrong. From her behavior, it is likely that Sharon has developed
learned helplessness
dysthymic disorder
less severe type of depression than major depressive disorder that's milder, chronic, hard to recognize, and often characterized by fatigue, pessimism, or short temper
Mental Health stigma
mental health gets a bad reputation (ex: person is crazy/insane, person doesn't think needs to be treated b/c don't want to be treated differently..''
episodes of sudden, overwhelming, disabling worry often accompanied by high blood pressure, increased respiration, increased myotonia, etc.
panic attack
learned helplessness
pattern of responding to situations by giving up b/c of repeated failure in the past
spiritual health
the aspect of psychosocial health that relates to having a sense of meaning and purpose to one's life (goes beyond material values) and refers to the sense of belonging to something greater than the purely physical or personal dimensions of existence (i.e. nature, god, or other higher power, feeling of connection to other ppl)
personality
the unique mix of characteristics that distinguish you from others -includes hereditary, environment, culture and experiences -determines how we react to challenges of life, interpret our feelings and resolve conflicts
personality disorder
-Enduring patterns of inner experience that deviate markedly from the expectation of the individual's culture and are pervasive and inflexible. -types include: paranoid, narcissistic and borderline personality disorder -difficult-to impossible to treat by conventional psychiatric and psychotherapeutic methods
Therapist/Counselor (LMFT):
-Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. -May diagnose. -Primarily provides counseling, coping strategies, and talk therapy to help individuals cope with challenges. -May provide alternative treatments (somatics, drama therapy, dance therapy, etc
Peer support/counselors:
-May include untrained or highly trained lay-people to offer sponsorship, life coaching, & counseling to other community members. -Therapeutic relationship may be reciprocal.
Clinical social worker
-also called LCSW -same as LMFT but specialized in case management -may help individuals connect to resources
ADHD
-attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder -Common mental health disorder that inhibits one's ability to concentrate on a single activity for extended periods of time and organize information. -Usually manageable when properly diagnosed.
What does a mentally healthy person look like?
-has the intellectual ability to sort through info, messages, and life events, to attach meaning and to respond appropriately--respond to life's challenges constructively, know when they're okay and when they're starting to slide and when to seek help)
Where does learned helplessness stem from?
-results from society's tendency toward victimology, blaming one's problems on other ppl/circumstances. Viewing ourselves as victims might make us feel better temporarily, but doesn't address the underlying cause of the problem. It can erode self-efficacy and foster learned helplessness by making us feeling that we can't do anything to improve the situation
Which of the following situations would be likely to boost your self-esteem?
Keeping in contact with old friends and family members
Anxiety triggered by a particular fear (crowds, spiders, snakes, heights, etc.)
Phobic Disorders
Suicidal Warning signs
Plan-do they have one? lethality-is it lethal?can they die? availability- do they have the means to carry it out? illness-do they have mental or physical illness? depression-chronic or specific incidents? previous attempts alone-are they alone?do they have support system? partner? loss-have they suffered a loss?death, job, relationship, self-esteem? substance abuse or use--drugs, alcohol, meds? current, chronic?
PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder)
a collection of symptoms that occur as a delayed response to serious trauma -symptoms include: dissociation (perceived detachment of the mind from the emotional state or even from the body. Person may have sense of the world and dream like/unreal place, have little memory of the events) -symptoms include: acute anxiety/nervousness, nightmares, recurring thoughts/images, flashbacks, shaking/nausea when someone remind of the event, cry from mood swings.
OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder)
a form of anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors
schizoprenia
a mental illness with biological origins that's chracterized by irrational behavior, severe alterations of the senses (hallucination), and often an inability to function in society -symptoms: delusional behavior, hallucination, incoherent/rambling speech, inability to think logically, odd gesturing
phobia
a persistent, irrational fear of a specific object, activity or situation and that results in a compelling desire to avoid source of fear
self-efficacy
a person's belief about whether he/she can successfully engage in and execute a specific behavior/task
seasonal affective disorder
a type of depression that occurs in the winter months when sunlight levels are low -ppl with SAD suffer from irritability, apathy, increased sleep time, general sadness, carb craving and weight gain
A person with high self esteem a. possesses feelings of self-respect/self-worth b. believes he or she cam successfully engage in a specific behavior c. believes external influences shape one's psychosocial health d. has high altruistic capacity
a. possesses feelings of self-respect/self-worth
What does a socially healthy person look like?
-have a wide range of interactions with family, friends, and acquaintances and are able to have healthy interaction with an intimate partner. -able to listen, express themselves, form healthy attachments, act in socially acceptable/responsible ways and find the best fit for themselves in society
Psychiatrist
-medical doctor (MD) -may provide therapy in addition to medication or other medical procedures to treat mental illness
How does self-efficacy and self-esteem influence psychosocial health?
-ppl with high self-efficacy/esteem tend to express positive outlook on life -ppl with low self-efficacy/esteem may demean themselves and doubt their ability to succeed.
This disorder is characterized by a need to perform rituals over and over again; fear of dirt or contamination; or an unnatural concern with order, symmetry and exactness a. personality disorder b. obsessive compulsive disorder c. phobic disorder d. post-traumatic stress disorder
b. OCD
People who have experienced repeated failures at the same task may eventually give up and quit trying altogether. This pattern of behavior is termed a. post-traumatic stress disorder b. learned helplessness c. self-efficacy d. introversion
b. learned helplessness
_____are the leading cause of disability in the US
mental disorders
self-esteem
one's sense of self-worth and self-respect -result of the relationships we have with parents/family during formative yrs, our friends as we get older, /w our significant other as we form intimate relationships and with our teachers, so co-workers and others throughout our life
-Persistent alteration of senses (auditory & visual hallucinations); inability to discriminate between internal and external stimuli; radical, unpredictable changes in emotions, movements, reactions, and behavior. -Treatment is available but with mixed results for different individuals.
schizoprehenia
Experience of depression during dark, cold times of year
seasonal affective disorder
Jane's belief that she can successfully pass her biology midterm is an example of
self-efficacy
Jose's belief that he can successfully pass his biology midterm is an example of
self-efficacy
learned optimism
teaching oneself to think positively (through practicing positive affirmation, changing self-talk, examining our reactions & ways we assess what happens in life, blocking negative thoughts)
Factors affecting psychosocial health
the family, environment, self efficacy & self-esteem, personality, learned helplessness vs learned optimism, life span/maturity
emotional health
the feeling, or subjective, side of psychosocial health that includes emotional reactions to life
Before we can achieve the characteristics of psychosocially healthy people, ______
we must have certain basic needs met in our lives
How does the environment influence psychosocial health?
-things in the environment can either protect or harm psychosocial health -persistent stressors, uncertainties/threats can cause significant problems (ex: drugs, neighborhood crimes, unemployment, financial problems, natural disasters, threats to safety) -access to health services and programs designed to enhance psychosocial health are also important influences. -ppl from poor socioeconomic environment who can't afford professional help and who don't have community/social support often find it difficult to secure help in improving psychosocial support
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
1.) physiological needs (food, sleep, water, exercise, sexual expression, warmth) 2.) safety needs (shelter, security, protection) 3.) social needs/ belongingness/love (sense of belonging, affection & acceptance; intimate relationships, friends) 4.) esteem needs (prestige, feelings of accomplishment, self respect, respect for others) 5.) self actualization (achieving one's full potential including creative activities) basic needs=physiological/safety needs psychological needs= belongingness/love+ esteem self-fulfillment need= self-actualization
Warning signs of suicide include all of the following EXCEPT
A stable personality/ planning an important future event
Which of the following is true with respect to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
ADHD makes it more difficult to get along with others
Which of the following is true of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Failure to meet a lower-level need will interfere with fulfilling higher-level needs
Melody has been experiencing severe mood swings, having a lot of manic energy for a period and then experiencing an extremely depressed state. Her symptoms are associated with
bipolar disorder
Which statement is false? a. One in four adults in the US suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder each year b. Mental disorders are the leading cause of disability in US c. Dysthymia is an example of an anxiety disorder d. bipolar disorder can also be referred to as manic depression
c. dysthymia is an example of an anxiety disorder
The term that most accurately refers to the feelings or subjective side of psychosocial health is a. social health b. mental health c. emotional health d. spiritual health
c. emotional health
anxiety disorder
disorders characterized by persistent feelings of threat and worry in coping with everyday problems -includes generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder and phobia/ PTSD
chronic mood disorders
disorders that affect how you feel (experience of persistent emotional states) such as persistent sadness or feelings of euphoria -includes major depressive disorder, dysthymia, bipolar disorder and SAD
A mentally healthy student who gets a bad grade on an exam would respond by
learning from the situation and improving study habits
Keisha puts herself down all the time. She approaches any challenge with a negative attitude and doubts her ability to succeed. Keisha is displaying
low self-esteem