Pub speaking final

Which of the following phrases would be most appropriate in an invitational speech?

"I came to this view because"

Guidelines for being an ethical listener include

All of these options** (answer) -actively interpret material and analyze content and speaker effectiveness -display respect for the speaker -avoid prejudging the speaker

Howard is preparing a speech arguing that eating insects could reduce world hunger. What advice would you give him for starting his research on this topic?

All of these*** (answer) -Asking for help from the reference librarian. -Searching the terms "edible insects" with "world hunger" on Google and other search engines. -use wikipedia to find citations to useful sources

Which of the following sources would your public speaking instructor consider the most reliable?

An article published in a peer-reviewed academic journal

Ethics originated in

Ancient Greece

Which of the following is an electronic database for academic journals and popular sources related to communication studies, journalism, and mass media?

Communication and Mass Medica Complete

Which of the following arguments is most logical meaning that it is based on sound reasoning and doesn't contain any fallacies (errors in logic)?

In the 1960s, you could get a free steak dinner at Las Vegas casinos on any day that the sun was not seen (because the sky was cloudy all day). Cloudy days that prevented the sun from shining must have been rare during 1960s Las Vegas

When referring to quantity or scope, which question is significant?

Is the problem great enough to make it a social issue?

A survey question that has potential responses of (1) Strongly Agree; (2) Agree; (3) Neither Agree or Disagree; (4) Disagree; or (5) Strongly Disagree is called a

Likert scale question.

In his speech about American loyalty and patriotism, Mike thought he had appealed to everyone in his audience. However, after receiving classmates' written critiques of his speech, it appears his delivery and content offended some international students in the class. Which of the following statements best explains this situation?

Mike's presentation likely contained an ethnocentric approach, one which has the potential to offend members of other cultures

Sheldon listened to the Cal Tech president's speech over the Internet. At the same time, Leonard was part of the audience in the hall where the president was speaking. Later, Sheldon said he thought the president stated clearly that the president opposed an increase in tuition. Leonard said that the way the president avoided looking at students when talking about tuition made it seem that the president actually supported an increase in tuition. According to either model of communication, the difference in Sheldon and Leonard's interpretation of the president's speech most likely resulted from the fact that

Sheldon and Leonard received the message through different channels

Ralph found an excellent source for his speech on organic gardening. He brought the author's scientific evidence on earthworms and ladybugs into his speech outline. Is this ethical?

Yes; this is ethical as long as Ralph cites his source orally within the speech

At the end of his speech about Gideon v. Wainwright (which is the U.S. Supreme Court decision that states all criminal defendants are entitled to an attorney), Eduardo stated: "Gideon accomplished the impossible with a pencil, a paper, and a virtue called justice." Eduardo's conclusion is an example of

a clincher

Penny's speech about Hinduism is a speech about

a concept

Outlines are based on the principle of subordination, which is

a concpet that ranks ideas from most to least important (indicating a hierarchy in the relationship of those ideas).

The dialogic theory of public speaking posits that the public speaking is

a dialogue between speaker and audience

Shakespeare's observation that, "All the world is a stage, and all the men and women merely [actors on it]" is

a metaphor

Leonard's speech on how to contribute to Wikipedia is a speech about

a process

You make an inference when you reach

a reasoned tentative conclusion on the basis of available evidence.

To remind your audience what is the core idea of your speech, in your conclusion, you must include

a restatement of your thesis

The connective that highlights an important idea or indicates where you are in your speech is

a signpost

A core principle that guides our life and is very difficult to change is

a value

Persuasion is

about influence, not control

Mario is informing his classmates on how to participate in one of the three main traditions that happen at their school's annual Homecoming activities. Everyone in the class is a first-year student. The school limits the roles and activities of first-year students. Mario wants to make sure his classmates understand exactly which roles and activities they can enjoy. Which of the three goals of an effective informative speech is Mario trying to achieve?

accurate information

A speaker whose persuasive speech topic is "The Need for More Organ Donors" would expect the audience response to be

action

A speech to ___________ asks for intellectual agreement and action of some sort.

actuate

As Amy delivered her speech, she noticed that some members of the audience looked confused when she explained one of the main points. As a result, she slowed down and explained the point again. Amy was

adapting to audience feedback

Bernadette has been invited to give a persuasive speech to her fellow employees on the subject of the company's retirement benefits. The most important demographic information for Bernadette to consider when analyzing her audience is her audience's

age

Effective listening skills can enhance your

all of the above** (answer) Professional life academic life Personal life

A cadence that engages the audience can be created through the use of

all of these options

Leonard is preparing a lecture for his Beginning Physics course, which is comprised of first- and second-year undergraduate students. Leonard seeks your help (as a communication expert) in making his lecture more understandable to the class. You tell him to

all of these options

Leonard is presenting a speech about his research at an academic conference that he knows will include people from all over the world. What should he do to meet the needs of his multicultural audience?

all of these options

Meaning occurs between a speaker and an audience when the speaker and audience

all of these options

Methods (or paradigms) for doing audience analysis are

all of these options

Oral language style is different than written language style in that the oral style is

all of these options

Reasoning

all of these options** (answer) -contains inferences -has a purpose -is based on data, information, evidence

Howard showed his speech outline to Raj, who immediately said: "Oh no. This is not right." Howard had 18 main points. After working with Raj, Howard reduced the number of main points to four, but still covered all the content necessary for his speech. What is the reason for having fewer main points?

all options

When you practice your speech, it is best to

always practice out loud

Often, ________ can interfere with listening or decision-making.

an emotional trigger

Sheldon is giving a speech at the Comic Book Store on the Highlights of Comic Con International 2016. Sheldon's speech is an information speech about

an event

A speech that is not memorized or written out word for word, and developed and presented from brief notes is _____________ speech.

an extemporaneous

In the body of his speech to Scientists with Asthma & Breathing Issues (SWABI), Leonard stated: "In discussing the problem of childhood asthma, so far we have examined the symptoms of the disease and its causes. This statement is an example of

an internal summary

In preparing his presentation to request funding for a new 3-D printer, Howard researched the background of the members of the funding committee and each member's statements about the mission and goals of the funding committee. As a result of his research, Howard included arguments in his speech demonstrating how granting his request would be consistent with the members' perceptions of the goals of the committee. In adapting his message to his audience, Howard was

analyzing his audience

Thinking about what the listener is trying to say is

anticipating

The three main barriers to effective listening are

anticipating, judging, or reacting emotionally

One of the most famous lines from President John F. Kennedy's Inaugural Address is "And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country." This is an example of which stylistic techniques?

antithesis

Armond realizes that his speech topic can be polarizing, so he is inviting his audience to understand the issue of prayer in public school from his perspective. This is an example of

articulating a position.

The transactional model of communication differs from the interactional model because the transactional model

assumes meaning is co-created by the source and receiver interacting together

Speakers who are concerned about knowing the positions, perspectives, and prior knowledge of their listeners are

audienced centered.

A preparation outline should

be stated in complete sentences.

While personal examples can be strong evidence for a speech because they are memorable (being rich with detail and emotion), a disadvantage is that personal stories

be too long and distract from the point of the speech.

Asked to support his assertion that a particular team will not win the championship, a sports commentator says, "They won't win because they won't be able to put enough points on the board." This is an example of what type of fallacy?

begging the question

In an effective persuasive speech, the speaker

begins to persuade in the introduction

The longest and most important part of a speech is the

body

Distractions that interrupt the ability to listen

can be reduced to help you listen more effectively

One way a speaker can show appreciation for diversity is by

choosing language and visual aids that relate to and support different audiences backgrounds

The main points of Howard's speech on his trip as an astronaut to the international space station are as follow I. Being accepted to the space program was my greatest honor II. Traveling to the Space Station was the scariest trip of my life. III. Living on the Space Station was an amazing adventure IV. Returning to Earth was a sad, yet ecstatic moment. The organizational pattern Howard used for this speech is

chronological

Raj is presenting a speech to the Alumni Association about how Cal Tech's reputation as a top university for physics grew from 1960 to 2015. His main points divide the school's growth in (1) 1960 through the 1979; (2) 1980s through 1999; (3) 2000 through 2009; and (4) 2010 to the future. Raj organized this speech using a

chronological pattern

Expressions such as "at the end of the day" and "with all due respect" should be avoided in speeches because they are

cliches

Penny wants to name their daughter Belinda. Leonard disagrees stating that he always hated that name. Eventually, he tells Penny that he hated it because it was the name of his first girlfriend who broke up with him right before the prom because a football player (second string) asked her instead. Leonard's dislike of the name Belinda is because of the word's

cognitive meaning

A speaker who avoids communicative interaction in personal, professional, and social situations may have a high degree of

communication apprehension

A speech ___________ seeks intellectual agreement from the listeners.

convince

Being open-minded and curious, systematically examining a message, and dissecting a message for sound logic and reasoning are traits associated with

critical thinking.

One of the arguments that Penny made during her speech that Sheldon Cooper was the best teacher at Cal Tech was structured as follows: 1.Students only recommend good teachers to other students. 2.The best teacher in the school would have the most of students recommending that person as an instructor to other students. 3.For the past three years, Sheldon Cooper had the most students recommending him as an instructor to other students. 4.Therefore, Sheldon Cooper is the best teacher in the school. This argument is an example of

deductive reasoning

Information on selected population characteristics (such as education or occupation) is

demographic information.

Speakers can develop internal credibility by making eye contact with the audience before they speak, speaking clearly, fluently and confidently, and

demonstrating personal experience with the topic of the speech.

When Amy told her boyfriend, Sheldon, that she was working on a new project with Leslie, Sheldon responded: "How horrible! You'll never get any work done working with another woman. You two will just talk all the time." Sheldon used language that

disrepected women by implying women talk all the time.

What kind of fallacy is exemplified by the following statement: "If you are not with us, then you must be against us."

either-or

When preparing a speech, raising social awareness is an ethical concern because educating peers on important causes

empowers others to make a positive change in the world

The condition of an invitational speech that requires the speaker see audience members as holding equally valid perspectives and positions that are worthy of exploration.

equality

The three conditions needed for an invitational speaking environment are

equality, value and self-determination.

According to the National Communication Association, this is fundamental to responsible thinking, decision making, and the development of relationships and communities within and across contexts, cultures, channels, and media. This is

ethical communication

Our beliefs, values, and moral principles by which we determine what is right or wrong are our

ethics

Analogical reasoning

explains and clarifies

An introduction should be somewhat spontaneous so that you can capture the audience's attention.

false

The condition of self-determination is characterized by letting the audience know what is best for them.

false

Appeals that are designed to arouse negative emotions are called

fear appeals

"Rex Ferral's books about ancient astronauts are worthless because he is a convicted forger and embezzler." This statement is an example of

genetic fallacy (or ad hominem).

Boolean operators

help researchers develop an effective search on a search engine.

Self-reflection helps you

identify what has caused you to feel the way you do about public speaking

Behaviors such as eye contact, appropriate gestures, and physical closeness that enhance the quality of the relationship between the speaker and listeners is known as

immediacy behaviors

During her speech in which she argued that Sheldon Cooper was the best instructor at Cal Tech, Penny made the following statements: Seventy-eight percent (78%) of students who have had Dr. Cooper as an instructor said they would take a class from him again. And 100% of those students said they would recommend a course that Dr. Cooper taught to their friends. Penny provided no other information in her speech about this information. Penny's use of this information as evidence in her speech was

incorrect because Penny did not identify the source of this evidence.

Senator Bernie Sanders delivered a speech about his stance on college tuition. He noticed that many in the audience were yawning, looking at their cell phones, and not paying attention to him. As a communication expert, your analysis of the audience is that the audience was

indifferent to or uninterested in Sanders and his position on college tuition.

"In a study by the American Medical Association, people with wrinkles on their earlobes had four times the risk of heart attacks as people without such wrinkles. Strange as it seems, it appears as if wrinkles on the earlobes is a cause of heart attacks." This is an example of

inductive reasoning

I have a bag of marbles. The first marble I pulled from the bag was blue. I took a second marble out and it was also blue. And the third marble from the bag is blue. Therefore all the marble in this bag are blue. This is an example of

inductive reasoning.

Being attentive to key points that influence or confirm our judgments is

informational listening

During Howard's speech, the fan in the heating/air conditioning system made so much noise that it was hard for most of the audience to hear the speech. In either communication model, this is an example of

interference

Yoshi wants to give an invitational speech where he considers various approaches to dealing with the issue of public transportation in his community. While doing his research, he has determined that there are at least four sides to the issue he wants to present. What type of invitational speech would best suit his topic?

invitation to explore an issue

While citing to sources is necessary in college papers and essays to prevent plagiarism, identifying the source of information in a speech

is equally necessary in a speech to also prevent plagiarism.

Expert testimony

is information that comes from a recognized authority who has conducted extensive research on the issue

Causal reasoning

is used to prove

Before cognitive restructuring, one

is worried about being under scrutiny

Providing ethical feedback is an important part of the

listening process

These speeches are usually given by politicians and top-level business and professional people who often give copies of their speeches ahead of time to the media.

manuscript

The channel in the interactional model of communication refers to the

mens or medium by which a message is communicated

One way to communicate listening through nonverbal cues is to

nod your head in response

President Lyndon B. Johnson stated: Until justice is blind to color, until education is unaware of race, until opportunity is unconcerned with the color of men's skins, emancipation will be a proclamation but not a fact. This statement is an example of which of the following devices discussed in this chapter?

none of these

Main points should be worded so that

none of these options

If speakers choose to exercise their right to free speech, they are no longer responsible for

none of these options**(answer) -utilizing the guidelines of ethical speaking -using sexist or hate speech -citing verbal or written sources

What is most important when in communicating emotional feelings, attitudes, likes, and dislikes to an audience?

nonverbal communication

The three fundamental components necessary for your message to be heard by an audience are (1) a clear and coherent message, (2) effective communication skills, and (3)

passion for your message

Public speaking remains important in the 21st century because

people still give speeches and other types of presentations in all aspects of their lives

The primacy and recency effects mean that

people tend to remember information presented at the beginning and end of the speech.

Penny is preparing for a speech she is giving to other employees at her company. Before the speech, she checks out the room in which she will give the speech to find out the size and layout of the room and what type of equipment it has. Penny is concerned with the _____________ dimension of communication.

physical

Lifting key passages from sources you do not credit in your speech is an unethical practice known as

plagiarism

Smoking among teenagers is increasing. Teenagers are also more involved in violent crimes than they used to be. We need to ban the sale of cigarettes to kids under 18 before our cities turn into violent war zones." This is an example of what type of fallacy?

post hoc

One of the functions of the speech conclusion is to

prepare the audience for the end of the speech.

The inoculation theory involves

presenting a brief look at opposing arguments along with facts and logically disproving them

In a persuasive speech, the best course is usually

presenting both sides

Deductive reasoning

presents the conclusion first and then proceeds to specific supporting cases

In her introduction, Amy explains the main points of her speech about how recycling on campus affects them. In doing so, Amy satisfies which function of a good introduction?

preview the speech structure for the audience.

In the introduction of your speech, you should

preview the structure of your speech

If you are giving a speech about how to avoid being lonely and make friends on campus by joining clubs, the best pattern for you to use would be

problem-solution

The purpose of style guides such as those published by Modern Languages Association (MLA) and American Psychological Association (APA) to document or cite source information is to

provide uniformity in referencing sources.

Offering support and showing empathy for someone's feelings is engagement in

relational listening

Raj should conclude his speech by

restating his thesis and main arguments (or ideas).

In Monroe's Motivated Sequence, the solution to the problem is presented in which step?

satisfaction

Advantages of using active listening skills on the job includes empathizing and

showing respect for others

"It is a mistake to allow assisted suicide. That will just open the door to forced extermination of anyone society feels is too old or too sick." This is an example of what type of fallacy?

slippery slope

"If the U.S. government forgives student loans, those people will not learn to be responsible and pay off their debts, they will expect to get something for nothing, and the United States will become a second class nation because that generation will not uphold the values and morals that made this country great." This statement is an example of

slippery slope fallacy

Jessica wants to discuss the issues around establishing wind energy as a new green technology across different regions in the United States. Which organizational pattern should she choose to discuss this topic?

spatial

Raj previewed his speech about Washington D.C. as follows: "Today I'm going to discuss where some of the important landmarks in Washington D.C. are located. I'll start with the Washington Monument, then talk about the Lincoln Memorial and finish with the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall. Raj used a ____________ organizational pattern for his speech.

spatial

In a speech about college dropout rates to her college speech class, Penny states: "Look around you. Research shows that 59% of college students will never graduate college. That means half of this class will not get their degree." Which attention-getting device is Penny using?

startling statistic

Inductive reasoning

starts with specific cases before presenting a general conclusio

Bernadette is giving a speech to manager trainees on the hiring process. Arranged below (in random order) are a main point, two subpoints, and two sub-subpoints from Bernadette's outline for her speech. Which statement is the first subpoint? 1. The purpose of a screening interview is to screen people that do not meet the basic requirements for the position. 2. The two types of job interviews our company uses are the screening interview and the manager interview. 3. The 20% who pass the screening interview are invited back for a manager interview. 4. Usually 80% of job applicants do not pass the screening interview. 5. The purpose of the manager interview is identify which qualified job applicant to hire for the position.

statement 5

One of the talks Howard attended at his annual engineering conference was entitled "Do Engineering Schools Create Terrorists?" Howard and the other attendees found the speech confusing and hard to understand how the speaker could connect engineering with terrorists. One reason for their confusion could be that

the concept that engineering schools creates terrorists is hard to believe

The primary difference in persuasive speeches and informative speeches is

the entire speech

One of the best resources from conducting research is

the librarian

A statement of fact indicates

the speaker will present evidence to persuade the listeners that a debatable point is or is not true

At tonight's meeting of the parking committee, Sheldon will be arguing Barry against Barry's election to the Chair of the parking committee. Sheldon's first main point, which includes three subpoints, is the following: A. Barry is dishonest. 1. He steals. 2. He lies. 3. He cheats.

the three subpoenas illustrate the principle of coordination

Hearing and listening are considered

to be different concepts that affect the ability to process information

The primary purpose of critical thinking is

to test the soundness of ideas, whether they are our ideas or other's.

If your speech topic is phobias and your subtopics are social and specific phobias, then your organizational pattern is

topical

In an invitational speaking environment the highest priority is to achieve understanding, respect and appreciation for the multiplicity of perspectives voiced

true

In an invitational speech to explore an issue, the speaker attempts to engage an audience in a discussion about an idea, concern, topic, or plan of action.

true

Time for dialogue with the audience is an integral part of an invitational speech.

true

Memorizing your speech is not helpful because when you deliver it, you sound

unnatural

Stylistic devices, such as metaphors, similes, repetition, alliteration, etc., add much to a speech. Such devices should be

used sparingly

After a quick victory against Pharnaces II of Pontus, Julius Caesar reportedly informed the Roman Senate: "I came; I saw; I conquered." Julius Caesar's report is an example of

using simple language