Public Speaking Chapter 8

Which of the following statements about using concrete examples in a speech are true?

They have a strong impact in listeners' beliefs and actions.

When you are presenting your speech to an audience and are using testimony, statistics, or examples, it is important to remember to

cite your sources orally.

In your speech you decide to use a vivid and detailed narrative about a camping trip you took last year to illustrate one of your points about camping. This type of supporting material is called a(n) ______ example.

extended

Brief examples are also called

specific instances.

You are giving a speech about school violence, and you briefly mention Columbine, Virginia Tech, and the Amish school shootings in a sentence. You are using

specific instances.

Which of the following questions should be asked when evaluating the validity of statistics?

1. Are the statistics representative? 2. Are the statistics from a large enough sample? 3. Are the statistics from a reliable source? 4. Are statistical measures used correctly?

Speeches without examples generally come off as which of the following?

1. Impersonal 2. Vague

Which of the following statements about expert testimony are true?

1. It is especially important to use when your speech is on a controversial topic. 2. It lends credibility to your speeches.

Which of the following are guidelines for the effective use of statistics?

1. Use statistics sparingly. 2. Explain any statistics that are used. 3. Use visual aids to clarify statistical trends.

A speaker can give his or her ideas greater impact by ______ the opinions of people who have special experience or knowledge about the topic being discussed.

1. paraphrasing 2. quoting

Among the tips for using statistics are to

1. round off numbers. 2. use numbers sparingly. 3. name the source of statistics.

Research has shown that the impact of examples is _________ (increased/decreased) when they are combined with statistics that show the examples to be typical.

Blank 1: increased

When should you use statistics in a speech?

Only when needed

If you quoted your sister about her experience at summer camp, you are using what type of testimony?

Peer testimony

In her speech about the maternal mortality rate around the world, Hannah included the following: "According to the CIA's World Factbook, Sierra Leone has the highest death rate, at 1,360 per 100,000 live births. The Central African Republic follows, with 882. Chad and Nigeria are not far behind, at 856 and 814, respectively. The United States ranked 138th with a rate of 14 deaths per 100,000 live births." What did Hannah fail to do when using statistics in her speech?

Use numbers sparingly

It can be especially helpful to use statistics in a speech when you are attempting to convince your audience of the existence of

a problem.

Darrell Huff, author of How to Lie with Statistics, attempted to question the long-held belief that numbers

do not lie.

Speakers have a(n) ______ responsibility to use testimonies accurately and effectively.

ethical

In her speech on how to perform the Heimlich Maneuver, Julie began by saying, "Suppose you are having dinner with a friend when suddenly your friend can't seem to catch her breath. When your friend begins to turn blue, you realize she is choking." This is a type of ______ example.

hypothetical

According to 19th-century physicist Lord Kelvin, when a person can measure and express what they are speaking about in ______, they have proved that they know something about the topic.

numbers

When choosing statistics to include in a speech, use

only the most important ones.

You have decided to take up running. You have a friend who has been running and coaching a long time. She tells you to go to a specialty store and look for lightweight, flexible running shoes rather than buying cheap shoes online, so you do. You were influenced by her

testimony.

Which of the following are benefits of using peer testimony in a speech?

1. It provides authenticity. 2. It has an emotional impact.

A strong example in a speech achieves which of the following?

1. Provides vivid details 2. Makes the speech topic more personal and relevant to the audience 3. Creates a visual image for the audience

What are the key points to keep in mind when using testimony in a speech?

1. Quote accurately 2. Use unbiased sources 3. Use qualified sources 4. Paraphrase accurately

Examples used in speeches are used for which of the following purposes?

1. Reinforce an idea 2. Personalize an idea 3. Clarify an idea

Examples that make the most impact on an audience are usually which of the following?

1. Specific 2. Vivid 3. Richly textured

When using a hypothetical example in a speech, it is wise to include which of the following to support the example?

1. Statistics 2. Testimony

In a birthday toast to her husband, Sandra said, "Physical fitness expert Bonnie Prudden once said, 'You can't turn back the clock. But you can wind it up again.' So here's to many more years of winding!" Which of the following are reasons why Sandra used a direct quotation?

1. The quotation is brief and conveys what Sandra wants to say better than she can. 2. The direct quotation is witty and compelling.

Harry is giving a speech in class on endangered species. He has conducted a significant amount of research and includes some of the data he found in his speech. How else could Harry lend credibility to the information he is reporting?

Include quotations from experts on endangered species

Illustrations, or narratives, are a type of supporting material referred to as

extended examples.

Rick explained, "Sue said that turning the faucet clockwise three times will stop the dripping." Carmen added, "Sue said, 'These rotations always fix the problem.'" If both Rick and Carmen were reporting accurately, then Rick ______ Sue, and Carmen ______ Sue.

paraphrased; quoted

Samantha explained her grandmother's trick for grilling hamburgers by saying, "To yield the juiciest burgers, my grandmother told me she would make a small impression on the top of the burger, then she would place a small ice cube in that indentation while the burger grills." Samantha was ______ her grandmother.

paraphrasing

If you were giving a speech about a Japanese tsunami, and you quoted a local survivor on the hardships endured, you would be using ______ testimony.

peer

Clive says in his speech, "According to Suzanne Smofield, 93 percent of chemo patients who ingested some form of medical marijuana found relief from nausea." What should have been included in his oral citation?

1. The source of the information (book, magazine, newspaper, etc.) 2. The date the information was published

Alana wanted to speak about climate conditions that might favor tornado formation in the United States. For testimony she used a document by researchers Schaefer and Marzban on the NOAA website, and she said, "Schaefer and Tatom (1998) looked at the mean Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the strip 5 deg. N to 5 deg. S and 180 deg. W to 150 deg. W and wrote, 'A Kruskal-Wallis H test was then used to see if any difference in different tornado measures exists between El Niño, La Niña and neutral years. Also the entire contiguous U.S. and three sub-areas were considered. All six of these combinations failed to have significance at the 99 percent level. One could not state with confidence that El Niño/La Niña had any effect on tornado or strong tornado activity.'" Why should she have paraphrased instead of using a direct quotation?

1. The wording of the quotation is cumbersome and contains technical terms. 2. The quotation is longer than two or three sentences.

Which of the following statements about using statistics in a speech are true?

1. They can be used to show the seriousness of an issue. 2. They can be an effective way to clarify and support ideas.