public speaking chapter 9

Which of the following is an example of an effective signpost?

"First, I will discuss what fracking is."

Which of the following is an example of an effective internal summary?

"In short, olives are native to the Mediterranean region but have since spread all around the world."

How many main points should classroom speeches contain?

2 to 5

Ann gave 10% of her time to Point I, 15% of her time to Point II, and 75% of her time to Point III. What does this division indicate?

Ann's main points are not balanced. Point I and Point II may not need to be main points.

Which strategy is necessary to ensure that each main point receives enough emphasis when preparing main points for a speech?

Balance the time devoted to each main point.

Which organizational pattern first looks at factors that result in an event, then looks at the effects of the event?

Causal

Renee is writing a speech about threats to the global elephant population. How would you best combine her two related main points below? I. Elephants are endangered animals. II. Habitat loss and the ivory trade threaten the elephant population.

Habitat loss and the ivory trade have caused elephants to become endangered.

Alexi's speech is intended to convince his listeners that he should be elected vice president of his class. Based on the breakdown of the time devoted to his main points, which of the following would fix the imbalance? I. I have a wide range of experience in organizations and student government. 20% II. Previous vice presidents have been less involved in actual change. 15% III. I want to increase the number of student parking spaces and increase funding for campus clubs. 65%

Increasing the time on spent on points I and II by 15% each and decreasing the time spent on point III by 30%.

Connectives help join one thought to another in a speech and include which of the following?

Internal previews Signposts Internal summaries Transitions

Assume the first two main points of your speech are "Online advertising can reduce marketing costs," and "Online advertising can be changed quickly." Which of the following examples would be an example of your third point in parallel form?

Online advertising can reach a wide audience.

Which of the following main points use parallel wording with the first main point "Origami is the Japanese art of paper folding"?

Origami includes many popular designs, such as paper cranes. Origami is usually done with a type of paper called kami.

Leslie's specific purpose is "to persuade my listeners that action must be taken to stop the child slave trade." Which organizational pattern would best fit Leslie's specific purpose?

Problem-solution

Wade has created a list of main points for his speech about how to increase involvement in his college's student government. Which points follow the tip to keep main points separate?

Put up flyers where students can see them, such as in the student union. Establish more incentives for students to participate. Advertise about the student government in the college newspaper.

Keisha is giving a speech on the planets in the solar system, starting with the planet closest to the sun and ending with the farthest. Which organizational pattern is she using?

Spatial order

Why are stock phrases less effective in speeches than connectives are?

Stock phrases make the speech seem uncoordinated and disjointed. Stock phrases distract listeners.

By themselves, main points are only assertions. What is needed to verify and substantiate main points?

Supporting materials

Which of the following are always stated in a transition?

The idea the speaker has just finished discussing. The idea the speaker is about to start discussing

Strategic organization helps speeches be more effective. Which of the following are positive effects of strategic organization?

The speaker has more confidence. The audience believes the speaker is more competent. The audience better understands the speech.

Which of the following are true of signposts?

They are brief statements that indicate exactly where you are in a speech. They are frequently just numbers.

Which of the following statements are true concerning the main points of a speech?

They should be worded precisely. They are the central features of the speech. They should be arranged strategically

Peter has divided his speech topic, physical fitness, into three subtopics: strength, endurance, and flexibility. Which method of speech organization is this an example of?

Topical order

If the statement, "We have discussed the causes of diabetes; now let us look at some of the effects of diabetes," were in the body of a speech, what kind of connective would it be?

Transition

A statement in the body of the speech that reminds listeners of the preceding point or points of the speech is called

an internal summary.

Transitions, internal previews, internal summaries, and signposts

help connect one thought to another in a speech.

A speaker says, "Next, we will look at three important Civil War battles that took place in Tennessee. These are Shiloh, Nashville, and Franklin." This is an example of a(n)

internal preview.

A connective statement in the middle of a speech that explains what you are about to discuss is called an internal

preview

Because main points are the information that you most want your audience to learn, you need to

select them carefully.

A speaker who combines two ideas into one main point is not following the guideline for keeping main points

separate

When you are giving a speech and say, "My second point is," which of the following are you using?

signpost

Brief statements that help listeners follow your ideas by indicating exactly where you are in the speech are called

signposts.

If you decide to use a chronological order of main points in your speech, you are using an arrangement based on a(n) ______ pattern.

time

Select the pattern best suited for a speech with this specific purpose: "To inform my audience about the three layers of human skin, starting with the top."

Spatial

Erika is writing a speech to persuade her audience that pollution resulting from discarded single-use bags can be reduced by individual and legislative action. Which of the following are potential solutions to the amount of pollution resulting from single-use bags?

City- or state-wide bans of single-use bags would discourage business owners from stocking them. State lawmakers should consider adding taxes to single-use bags. Consumers should bring reusable bags to the store to carry groceries.

Which of the following is true of parallel wording?

It makes your set of main points easier to understand. It makes your set of main points easier to remember. It helps your main points stand out from the rest of your speech.

Alexa is writing a speech about four types of storms. What tip for writing main points did she forget to use in setting up the main points below? I. Hurricanes and tornadoes are storms with strong winds, but hurricanes occur along coastlines. II. Hailstorms are thunderstorms with strong updrafts. III. Ice storms are storms in which the air temperature is near freezing.

Keep main points separate.

Which of the following main ideas concerning the Internet would be best communicated by a speech that is ordered chronologically?

The Internet transitioned from government use to commercial use at the beginning of the 1990s. The Internet evolved in the 2000s as smartphones were introduced. The Internet today is used by billions of people worldwide.

A speech about the causes and effects of earthquakes would most likely be organized in ______ order.

causal

The problem-solution pattern of organization for ordering main points is primarily used for ______ speeches.

persuasive

In order for an audience to be able to follow the progression of the ideas in your speech from beginning to end, you need to use

strategic organization.

What are the primary strategies for preparing main points in speeches?

Use parallel wording to improve comprehension. Balance the time dedicated to each point. Create independent points for clarity.

Following the strategy of keeping main points separate, Misha recognizes that he needs to divide the main point below to make two separate main points. If he chooses to make one of the main points "Donating a share of our profits to environmental agencies would improve our environmentally friendly image," which of the following would be the best choice for the other main point? Donating a share of our products' profits to environmental agencies would aid our environmentally friendly image, as would adding labels that we support environmental agencies.

Using labels naming the agencies we support would inform the consumer of our policy.

Which organizational pattern would be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech that describes five types of competitive gymnastics events?

Topical

Here are the two main points for a persuasive speech about the environmental hazards of discarded electronics: I. Discarded electronic items have become a major source of pollution in landfills. II. Solving the problem requires government and personal intervention. Which pattern of organization was used in this speech?

Problem-solution

Harry is outlining a speech about the need for an intern network at his college, and he has calculated the proportion of the speech taken by each main point. Which strategy would most benefit his outline? I. An intern network for college students increases success after graduation and it helps a college be competitive with other colleges with intern networks. 70% II. An intern network can be established through contacts with alumni. 30%

Keep main points separate.

Assume that your specific purpose statement is "to inform my audience about leadership of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the Federal government." Which of the following would most likely be the main points of your speech?

The executive branch of the Federal government is headed by the president, who is responsible for carrying out federal laws. The judicial branch of the Federal government is headed by the Supreme Court and is responsible for interpreting the constitution and reviewing laws. The legislative branch of the Federal government is headed by Congress, which includes the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Supporting materials should be well-organized and directly relevant to the ______ that they are supporting.

main points